Mesenteric ischemia risk factors

Mesenteric ischemia Microchapters

Home

Patient Information

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Mesenteric ischemia from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

Guidelines for Diagnosis

Diagnostic Study of Choice

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

Electrocardiogram

X Ray

MRA

Ultrasound

Other Imaging Findings

Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy

Surgery

Primary Prevention

Secondary Prevention

Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy

Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

Mesenteric ischemia risk factors On the Web

Most recent articles

Most cited articles

Review articles

CME Programs

Powerpoint slides

Images

American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Mesenteric ischemia risk factors

All Images
X-rays
Echo & Ultrasound
CT Images
MRI

Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov

US National Guidelines Clearinghouse

NICE Guidance

FDA on Mesenteric ischemia risk factors

CDC on Mesenteric ischemia risk factors

Mesenteric ischemia risk factors in the news

Blogs on Mesenteric ischemia risk factors

Directions to Hospitals Treating Mesenteric ischemia

Risk calculators and risk factors for Mesenteric ischemia risk factors

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Feham Tariq, MD [2]

## Overview

[edit | edit source]

Risk factors causing mesenteric ischemia can be divided based on the underlying etiology. Conditions that pose a significant risk to the development of mesenteric ischemia include the interruption of blood flow through the artery or vein supplying the small intestine (e.g thromboembolism) or reduction of blood supply (e.g. vasoconstriction). Also, there are certain life-style related risk factors which predominantly cause mesenteric ischemia in the older age group.

## Risk Factors

[edit | edit source]

* The following conditions pose a significant risk towards the development of mesenteric ischemia either by interrupting the blood flow through the artery or vein supplying the small intestine (e.g.thromboemboli) or by reducing the blood supply (e.g. vasoconstriction). Also, there are certain life-style related risk factors which predominantly cause mesenteric ischemia in the older age group.[1][2][3]

* Venous thrombosis is more frequently seen in women and arterial thrombosis is more commonly seen in men.[4][5]

* Mesenteric ischemia is more prevalent in women as compared to males.[6]

Risk factors

Occlusive  | Embolic | Atrial fibrillation
Cardiac arrhythmia
Valvular heart disease
Infective endocarditis
Recent myocardial infarction
Ventricular aneurysm
Aortic atherosclerosis
Thrombotic | Advanced age
Low cardiac output states
Peripheral arterial disease
Traumatic injury
Inherited thrombophilia\-

* Factor V Leidin mutation
* Prothrombin G20210A mutation
* Protein S deficiency

* Antithrombin III deficiency
* Activated protein C resistance
* Antiphospholipid syndrome
* Myeloproliferative disorders(JAK2 V617F) mutation.

Acquired thrombophilia\- malignancy, oral contraceptives intake.
Non-occlusive  | Heart failure
Aortic insufficiency
Septic shock
Vasoconstrictive drugs:

* Digoxin
* Alpha-adrenergic agonists

Cocaine abuse or ergot poisoning
Hemodialysis
Other factors  | Lifestyle related risk factors:[7]

* High cholesterol levels
* History of smoking
* Immobility

* Hypertension
* Hyperlipidemia
* Diabetes

Less common risk factors:

* Fibromuscular dysplasia
* Beta receptor blocking agents
* Hepatitis

Common risk factors in the development of mesenteric ischemia include:

### Occlusive causes:

[edit | edit source]

(a) Embolic causes:[1]

* Atrial fibrillation
* Cardiac arrhythmias
* Valvular heart diseases
* Infective endocarditis
* Recent myocardial infarction
* Ventricular aneurysm
* Aortic atherosclerosis
* Aortic aneurysm

(b) Thrombotic causes:[2]

* Advanced age
* Low cardiac output states
* Traumatic injury
* Peripheral artery disease

### Non-occlusive causes:[3]

[edit | edit source]

* Heart failure
* Aortic insufficiency
* Septic shock
* Vasoconstrictive drugs (e.g. Digoxin, alpha-adrenergic agonists)
* Cocaine abuse or ergot poisoning
* Hemodialysis

## References

[edit | edit source]

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Fitzgerald T, Kim D, Karakozis S, Alam H, Provido H, Kirkpatrick J (2000). "Visceral ischemia after cardiopulmonary bypass". Am Surg. 66 (7): 623–6. PMID 10917470.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Martinelli I, Mannucci PM, De Stefano V, Taioli E, Rossi V, Crosti F; et al. (1998). "Different risks of thrombosis in four coagulation defects associated with inherited thrombophilia: a study of 150 families". Blood. 92 (7): 2353–8. PMID 9746774.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Acosta S, Ogren M, Sternby NH, Bergqvist D, Björck M (2006). "Fatal nonocclusive mesenteric ischaemia: population-based incidence and risk factors". J Intern Med. 259 (3): 305–13. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2796.2006.01613.x. PMID 16476108.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
4. ↑ Endean ED, Barnes SL, Kwolek CJ, Minion DJ, Schwarcz TH, Mentzer RM (2001). "Surgical management of thrombotic acute intestinal ischemia". Ann Surg. 233 (6): 801–8. PMC 1421323. PMID 11407335.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
5. ↑ Corcos, Olivier; Nuzzo, Alexandre (2013). "Gastro-Intestinal Vascular Emergencies". Best Practice & Research Clinical Gastroenterology. 27 (5): 709–725. doi:10.1016/j.bpg.2013.08.006. ISSN 1521-6918.
6. ↑ Veenstra RP, ter Steege RW, Geelkerken RH, Huisman AB, Kolkman JJ (2012). "The cardiovascular risk profile of atherosclerotic gastrointestinal ischemia is different from other vascular beds". Am J Med. 125 (4): 394–8. doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2011.09.013. PMID 22305578.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
7. ↑ Dahlke, M.H.; Asshoff, L.; Popp, F.C.; Feuerbach, S.; Lang, S.A.; Renner, P.; Slowik, P.; Stoeltzing, O.; Schlitt, H.J.; Piso, P. (2008). "Mesenteric Ischemia - Outcome after Surgical Therapy in 83 Patients". Digestive Surgery. 25 (3): 213–219. doi:10.1159/000140692. ISSN 1421-9883.