Microsporidiosis physical examination

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:  Ahmed Younes M.B.B.CH [2]

## Overview[edit | edit source]

Patients with microsporidiosis usually appear ill. Physical examination of patients with microsporidiosis is usually remarkable for weight loss, wasting and abdominal tenderness and muscle pain. Eye examination might reveal conjunctival hyperemia and corneal clouding.

## Physical examination[edit | edit source]

### General appearance[edit | edit source]

The patient appears ill with signs of wasting and malnourishment especially if chronic diarrhea is associated.[1][2]

### Vital signs[edit | edit source]

* Fever is rare.

* Heart rate is usually maintained within normal limits.

* Respiratory rate is maintained within normal limits.

* Blood pressure is usually maintained within normal limits.

### HEENT[edit | edit source]

* If ocular microsporidiosis is present, it may manifest as superficial punctate or stromal keratitis:
* Slit lamp examination might reveal:

* Conjunctival hyperemia
* Corneal clouding

### Chest[edit | edit source]

* Chest examination findings are usually within normal limits.

### Cardiovascular[edit | edit source]

* Cardiovascular examination findings are usually within normal limits.

### Abdomen[edit | edit source]

* Decreased abdominal girth and weight loss due to chronic diarrhea.
* Right upper quadrant tenderness due to cholecystitis.

### Extremities[edit | edit source]

Muscle tenderness if myositis is present.

## References[edit | edit source]

1. ↑ Sandfort J, Hannemann A, Gelderblom H, Stark K, Owen RL, Ruf B (1994). "Enterocytozoon bieneusi infection in an immunocompetent patient who had acute diarrhea and who was not infected with the human immunodeficiency virus". Clin. Infect. Dis. 19 (3): 514–6. PMID 7811871.
2. ↑ Weber R, Bryan RT, Schwartz DA, Owen RL (1994). "Human microsporidial infections". Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 7 (4): 426–61. PMC 358336. PMID 7834600.

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