Mixed urinary incontinence differential diagnosis

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:  Sadaf Sharfaei M.D.[2], Syed Hassan A. Kazmi BSc, MD [3]

## Differential diagnosis of mixed urinary incontinence[edit | edit source]

To review complete differential diagnosis of various urinary incontinence, click here.[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]

To review differential diagnosis of urge urinary incontinence, click here.

To review differential diagnosis of stress urinary incontinence, click here.

To review differential diagnosis of functional urinary incontinence, click here.

To review differential diagnosis of overflow urinary incontinence, click here.

Category  | Diseases  | Type of incontinence  | Clinical manifestations  | Lab Findings  | Gold standard  | Associated findings

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Symptoms  | Signs
Loss of consciousness  | Fever  | Pelvic pain  | Urinary symptoms  | Blood Pressure  | Neurological deficit  | Urine residue  | UA  | Other
Urge  | Stress  | Overflow  | Functional  | Dysuria  | Frequency  | Dribbling  | Nocturia
Neurological diseases  | Stroke[9] | \+  | \+  | −  | ±  | \+  | −  | −  | ±  | \+  | \+  | ++  | ↑/↓  | \+  | < 50 ml  | Pyuria ±  | NA  | Imaging |

* Associated with increased morbidity and mortality
* Depression
* May have pre−stroke urinary incontinence

Alzheimer's disease[10][11] | \+  | \+  | \+  | \+  | −  | −  | ±  | ±  | \+  | \+  | ++  | Nl  | \+  | < 50 ml  | Pyuria ±  | NA  | Clinical manifestations  |

* Cognitive impairment
* Medication related

Traumatic spinal cord injury[12] | \+  | \+  | −  | −  | −  | −  | −  | −  | −  | \+  | ±  | Nl to ↓  | \+  | < 50 ml  | Nl  | NA  | MRI of spine |

* Paraplegia
* Fecal incontinence

Multiple sclerosis[13] | \+  | −  | \+  | −  | −  | −  | −  | \+  | \+  | −  | \+  | Nl to ↓  | \+  | > 200 ml  | Nl  | NA  | MRI of brain and spine |

* Optic neuritis
* Sensory and motor abnormalities
* Relapses and remission

Category  | Diseases  | Urge  | Stress  | Overflow  | Functional  | Loss of consciousness  | Fever  | Pelvic pain  | Dysuria  | Frequency  | Dribbling  | Nocturia  | Blood Pressure  | Neurological deficit  | Urine residue  | UA  | Other  | Gold standard  | Additional findings
Urogenital disorders  | Benign prostatic hyperplasia[14] | \+  | \+  | \+  | −  | −  | −  | \+  | ±  | \+  | ++  | \+  | Nl to ↑  | −  | > 200 ml  | Hematuria | Elevated PSA (less than 4 ng/dL)  | Digital rectal examination |

* Recurrent urinary tract infections
* Hydronephrosis
* Renal failure

Genitourinary surgical procedures[15][16] | \+  | \+  | −  | −  | −  | −  | ±  | \+  | \+  | \+  | \+  | Depends on underlying disease  | −  | < 50 ml  | Nl  | NA  | Clinical manifestations  |

* History of operation
* History of pre−existing detrusor and/or sphincter dysfunction

Multiple childbirths[17][18] | \+  | \+  | −  | −  | −  | −  | ±  | −  | \+  | \+  | \+  | Nl  | −  | < 50 ml  | Nl  | NA  | Clinical manifestations  |

* Increased risk in vaginal delivery
* More common in obese patients

Uterine fibroids[19] | \+  | −  | \+  | −  | −  | −  | \+  | −  | −  | \+  | \+  | Nl  | −  | > 200 ml  | Nl  | NA  | Clinical manifestations+ imaging  |

* Abnormal uterine bleeding
* Constipation

Uterine prolapse[20] | \+  | \+  | −  | −  | −  | −  | \+  | −  | \+  | \+  | ±  | Nl  | −  | < 50 ml  | Nl  | NA  | Pelvic examination |

* Increased risk in multiparity, advancing age, and obesity
* Constipation
* Fecal urgency

Bladder cancer[21] | \+  | −  | \+  | −  | −  | ±  | −  | \+  | \+  | \+  | \+  | Nl  | −  | > 200 ml  | Hematuria | NA  | Biopsy |

* Cigarette smoking
* History of occupational exposure
* History of travel to endemic areas of Schistosoma haematobium

Category  | Diseases  | Urge  | Stress  | Overflow  | Functional  | Loss of consciousness  | Fever  | Pelvic pain  | Dysuria  | Frequency  | Dribbling  | Nocturia  | Blood Pressure  | Neurological deficit  | Urine residue  | UA  | Other  | Gold standard  | Additional findings

## References[edit | edit source]

1. ↑ "pdfs.semanticscholar.org" (PDF).
2. ↑ Brown JS, Bradley CS, Subak LL, Richter HE, Kraus SR, Brubaker L, Lin F, Vittinghoff E, Grady D (May 2006). "The sensitivity and specificity of a simple test to distinguish between urge and stress urinary incontinence". Ann. Intern. Med. 144 (10): 715–23. PMC 1557357. PMID 16702587.
3. ↑ Holroyd-Leduc JM, Tannenbaum C, Thorpe KE, Straus SE (March 2008). "What type of urinary incontinence does this woman have?". JAMA. 299 (12): 1446–56. doi:10.1001/jama.299.12.1446. PMID 18364487.
4. ↑ Videla FL, Wall LL (June 1998). "Stress incontinence diagnosed without multichannel urodynamic studies". Obstet Gynecol. 91 (6): 965–8. PMID 9611005.
5. ↑ DuBeau CE, Kuchel GA, Johnson T, Palmer MH, Wagg A (2010). "Incontinence in the frail elderly: report from the 4th International Consultation on Incontinence". Neurourol. Urodyn. 29 (1): 165–78. doi:10.1002/nau.20842. PMID 20025027.
6. ↑ "Diagnosis of Urinary Incontinence - American Family Physician".
7. ↑ Frank C, Szlanta A (November 2010). "Office management of urinary incontinence among older patients". Can Fam Physician. 56 (11): 1115–20. PMC 2980426. PMID 21075990.
8. ↑ Imam KA (2004). "The role of the primary care physician in the management of bladder dysfunction". Rev Urol. 6 Suppl 1: S38–44. PMC 1472846. PMID 16985854.
9. ↑ Gibson J, Thomas LH, Harrison JJ, Watkins CL (March 2018). "Stroke survivors' and carers' experiences of a systematic voiding programme to treat urinary incontinence after stroke". J Clin Nurs. doi:10.1111/jocn.14346. PMID 29517816. Vancouver style error: initials (help)
10. ↑ Lee, Hsiang-Ying; Li, Ching-Chia; Juan, Yung-Shun; Chang, Yu-Han; Yeh, Hsin-Chih; Tsai, Chia-Chun; Chueh, Kuang-Shun; Wu, Wen-Jeng; Yang, Yuan-Han (2016). "Urinary Incontinence in Alzheimer's Disease". American Journal of Alzheimer's Disease & Other Dementiasr. 32 (1): 51–55. doi:10.1177/1533317516680900. ISSN 1533-3175.
11. ↑ Drennan, Vari M.; Rait, Greta; Cole, Laura; Grant, Robert; Iliffe, Steve (2013). "The prevalence of incontinence in people with cognitive impairment or dementia living at home: A systematic review". Neurourology and Urodynamics. 32 (4): 314–324. doi:10.1002/nau.22333. ISSN 0733-2467.
12. ↑ Schurch, B.; Stöhrer, M.; Kramer, G.; Schmid, D.M.; Gaul, G.; Hauri, D. (2000). "BOTULINUM-A TOXIN FOR TREATING DETRUSOR HYPERREFLEXIA IN SPINAL CORD INJURED PATIENTS: A NEW ALTERNATIVE TO ANTICHOLINERGIC DRUGS? PRELIMINARY RESULTS". The Journal of Urology. 164 (3): 692–697. doi:10.1016/S0022-5347(05)67283-7. ISSN 0022-5347.
13. ↑ Bosch, JLH Ruud; Groen, Jan (1996). "Treatment of refractory urge urinary incontinence with sacral spinal nerve stimulation in multiple sclerosis patients". The Lancet. 348 (9029): 717–719. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(96)04437-6. ISSN 0140-6736.
14. ↑ Peters, T.J.; Donovan, J.L.; Kay, H.E.; Abrams, P.; de la Rosette, J.J.M.C.H.; Porru, D.; Thuroff, J.W. (1997). "The International Continence Society "Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia" Study: The Bothersomeness of Urinary Symptoms". The Journal of Urology. 157 (3): 885–889. doi:10.1016/S0022-5347(01)65075-4. ISSN 0022-5347.
15. ↑ Altman, Daniel; Granath, Fredrik; Cnattingius, Sven; Falconer, Christian (2007). "Hysterectomy and risk of stress-urinary-incontinence surgery: nationwide cohort study". The Lancet. 370 (9597): 1494–1499. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61635-3. ISSN 0140-6736.
16. ↑ Prabhu, Vinay; Sivarajan, Ganesh; Taksler, Glen B.; Laze, Juliana; Lepor, Herbert (2014). "Long-term Continence Outcomes in Men Undergoing Radical Prostatectomy for Clinically Localized Prostate Cancer". European Urology. 65 (1): 52–57. doi:10.1016/j.eururo.2013.08.006. ISSN 0302-2838.
17. ↑ Barbosa L, Boaviagem A, Moretti E, Lemos A (May 2018). "Multiparity, age and overweight/obesity as risk factors for urinary incontinence in pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis". Int Urogynecol J. doi:10.1007/s00192-018-3656-9. PMID 29754281.
18. ↑ Gyhagen M, Bullarbo M, Nielsen TF, Milsom I (November 2013). "A comparison of the long-term consequences of vaginal delivery versus caesarean section on the prevalence, severity and bothersomeness of urinary incontinence subtypes: a national cohort study in primiparous women". BJOG. 120 (12): 1548–55. doi:10.1111/1471-0528.12367. PMID 23786421.
19. ↑ Dragomir, Anca D.; Schroeder, Jane C.; Connolly, AnnaMarie; Kupper, Larry L.; Cousins, Deborah S.; Olshan, Andrew F.; Baird, Donna D. (2010). "Uterine Leiomyomata Associated with Self-Reported Stress Urinary Incontinence". Journal of Women's Health. 19 (2): 245–250. doi:10.1089/jwh.2009.1396. ISSN 1540-9996.
20. ↑ de Boer TA, Salvatore S, Cardozo L, Chapple C, Kelleher C, van Kerrebroeck P, Kirby MG, Koelbl H, Espuna-Pons M, Milsom I, Tubaro A, Wagg A, Vierhout ME (2010). "Pelvic organ prolapse and overactive bladder". Neurourol. Urodyn. 29 (1): 30–9. doi:10.1002/nau.20858. PMID 20025017.
21. ↑ Porter, M; Penson, D (2005). "HEALTH RELATED QUALITY OF LIFE AFTER RADICAL CYSTECTOMY AND URINARY DIVERSION FOR BLADDER CANCER: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF THE LITERATURE". The Journal of Urology. 173 (4): 1318–1322. doi:10.1097/01.ju.0000149080.82697.65. ISSN 0022-5347.