Myocarditis echocardiography

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-In-Chief: Varun Kumar M.B.B.S.; Maliha Shakil, M.D. [2]

## Overview[edit | edit source]

Echocardiography in patients with myocarditis allows for serial assessment of left ventricular dysfunction and can be used to distinguish fulminant (non-dilated hypocontractile left ventricle with thick interventricular septum) from acute myocarditis (dilated hypocontractile left ventricle with normal interventricular septum).

## Echocardiography[edit | edit source]

Cardiac function may be monitored via serial echocardiograms. In general, left ventricular function improves in fulminant myocarditis over a course of approximately 6 months. Echocardiographic findings in myocarditis include:[1][2][3][4]

* Wall motion abnormalities
* Systolic dysfunction
* Diastolic dysfunction
* Changes in image texture on echocardiogram, i.e. increase in brightness, heterogeneity, and contrast
* Pericardial effusion may be noted in few patients
* Functional regurgitation through the AV valves may be noted due to ventricular dilation

### Fulminant Versus Acute Myocarditis on Echocardiography[edit | edit source]

Fulminant myocarditis appears as a non-dilated, thickened and hypocontractile left ventricle with increased septal thickness while, acute myocarditis is associated with marked left ventricular dilation, normal septal thickness, and decreased ventricular function.[1]

## References[edit | edit source]

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Felker GM, Boehmer JP, Hruban RH, Hutchins GM, Kasper EK, Baughman KL; et al. (2000). "Echocardiographic findings in fulminant and acute myocarditis". J Am Coll Cardiol. 36 (1): 227–32. PMID 10898439. Unknown parameter `|http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=` ignored (help)CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
2. ↑ Pinamonti B, Alberti E, Cigalotto A, Dreas L, Salvi A, Silvestri F; et al. (1988). "Echocardiographic findings in myocarditis". Am J Cardiol. 62 (4): 285–91. PMID 3400607.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
3. ↑ James KB, Lee K, Thomas JD, Hobbs RE, Rincon G, Bott-Silverman C; et al. (1994). "Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in lymphocytic myocarditis as assessed by Doppler echocardiography". Am J Cardiol. 73 (4): 282–5. PMID 8296760.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
4. ↑ Lieback E, Hardouin I, Meyer R, Bellach J, Hetzer R (1996). "Clinical value of echocardiographic tissue characterization in the diagnosis of myocarditis". Eur Heart J. 17 (1): 135–42. PMID 8682119.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)

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