Nausea and vomiting risk factors

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## Overview

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## Risk factors

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* Risk factors for nausea and vomiting vary with underlying cause.

* Well established risk factors for postoperative nausea and vomiting include: [1]
* female gender post puberty
* nonsmoking status
* history of postoperative nausea and vomiting
* history of motion sickness
* childhood after infancy and younger adulthood
* increasing duration of surgery
* use of volatile anesthetics, nitrous oxide, large-dose neostigmine, or intraoperative or postoperative opioids
* Possible risk factors for postoperative nausea and vomiting include: [1]
* history of migraine
* history of postoperative nausea and vomiting or motion sickness in a child's parent or sibling
* intense preoperative anxiety
* certain ethnicities or surgery types
* decreased perioperative fluids
* crystalloid versus colloid administration
* increasing duration of anesthesia
* general versus regional anesthesia or sedation
* balanced versus total IV anesthesia
* use of longer-acting versus shorter-acting opioids

* Risk factors for nausea and vomiting in pregnancy include: [2]
* increased number of prior miscarriages
* increased gravidity
* risk decreased with increasing age
* twin births
* Increased risk of nausea and vomiting after first trimester is seen in women who are less well educated, have lower incomes, and more likely in black women.

* Risk factors for chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting: [3] [4]
* age less than 50 years
* female gender
* history of nausea and vomiting or motion sickness
* type of antineoplastic agent and how it is used

## References

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1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Gan TJ (June 2006). "Risk factors for postoperative nausea and vomiting". Anesth Analg. 102 (6): 1884–98. doi:10.1213/01.ANE.0000219597.16143.4D. PMID 16717343.
2. ↑ Louik C, Hernandez-Diaz S, Werler MM, Mitchell AA (July 2006). "Nausea and vomiting in pregnancy: maternal characteristics and risk factors". Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol. 20 (4): 270–8. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3016.2006.00723.x. PMID 16879499.
3. ↑ Sekine I, Segawa Y, Kubota K, Saeki T (June 2013). "Risk factors of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting: index for personalized antiemetic prophylaxis". Cancer Sci. 104 (6): 711–7. doi:10.1111/cas.12146. PMC 7657206 Check `|pmc=` value (help). PMID 23480814.
4. ↑ Hesketh, Paul J.; Aapro, Matti; Street, James C.; Carides, Alexandra D. (2009). "Evaluation of risk factors predictive of nausea and vomiting with current standard-of-care antiemetic treatment: analysis of two phase III trials of aprepitant in patients receiving cisplatin-based chemotherapy". Supportive Care in Cancer. 18 (9): 1171–1177. doi:10.1007/s00520-009-0737-9. ISSN 0941-4355.

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