Neutrophilia

WikiDoc Resources for Neutrophilia

Articles

Most recent articles on Neutrophilia

Most cited articles on Neutrophilia

Review articles on Neutrophilia

Articles on Neutrophilia in N Eng J Med, Lancet, BMJ

Media

Powerpoint slides on Neutrophilia

Images of Neutrophilia

Photos of Neutrophilia

Podcasts & MP3s on Neutrophilia

Videos on Neutrophilia

Evidence Based Medicine

Cochrane Collaboration on Neutrophilia

Bandolier on Neutrophilia

TRIP on Neutrophilia

Clinical Trials

Ongoing Trials on Neutrophilia at Clinical Trials.gov

Trial results on Neutrophilia

Clinical Trials on Neutrophilia at Google

Guidelines / Policies / Govt

US National Guidelines Clearinghouse on Neutrophilia

NICE Guidance on Neutrophilia

NHS PRODIGY Guidance

FDA on Neutrophilia

CDC on Neutrophilia

Books

Books on Neutrophilia

News

Neutrophilia in the news

Be alerted to news on Neutrophilia

News trends on Neutrophilia

Commentary

Blogs on Neutrophilia

Definitions

Definitions of Neutrophilia

Patient Resources / Community

Patient resources on Neutrophilia

Discussion groups on Neutrophilia

Patient Handouts on Neutrophilia

Directions to Hospitals Treating Neutrophilia

Risk calculators and risk factors for Neutrophilia

Healthcare Provider Resources

Symptoms of Neutrophilia

Causes & Risk Factors for Neutrophilia

Diagnostic studies for Neutrophilia

Treatment of Neutrophilia

Continuing Medical Education (CME)

CME Programs on Neutrophilia

International

Neutrophilia en Espanol

Neutrophilia en Francais

Business

Neutrophilia in the Marketplace

Patents on Neutrophilia

Experimental / Informatics

List of terms related to Neutrophilia

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

## Overview

[edit | edit source]

Neutrophilia (also called neutrophil leukocytosis or occasionally neutrocytosis) is leukocytosis of neutrophils, that is, a high number of neutrophil granulocytes in the blood.[1]

A "left shift" refers to the presence of increased proportions of younger, less well differentiated neutrophils and neutrophil-precursor cells in the blood. This generally reflects early or premature release of myeloid cells from the bone marrow, the site where neutrophils are generated. A severe neutrophilia with left shift is referred to as a leukemoid reaction. The leukocyte alkaline phosphatase (LAP) score, which refers to the amount of alkaline phosphatase per neutrophil, will increase. In a severe infection, toxic granulation changes happen to the neutrophils.

This can resemble Pelger-Huet anomaly.[2][3]

## Historical Perspective

[edit | edit source]

## Classification

[edit | edit source]

## Pathophysiology

[edit | edit source]

## Causes

[edit | edit source]

Neutrophil are the primary white blood cells that respond to a bacterial infection, so the most common cause of neutrophilia is a bacterial infection, especially pyogenic infections.[4]

Neutrophils are also increased in any acute inflammation, so will be raised after a heart attack,[4] other infarct or burns.[4]

Some drugs, such as prednisone, have the same effect as cortisol and adrenaline (epinephrine), causing marginated neutrophils to enter the blood stream. Nervousness will very slightly raise the neutrophil count because of this effect.

A neutrophilia might also be the result of a malignancy. Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML or chronic myeloid leukaemia) is a disease where the blood cells proliferate out of control. These cells may be neutrophils. Neutrophilia can also be caused by appendicitis and splenectomy.[5]

Primary neutrophilia can additionally be a result of Leukocyte adhesion deficiency.[6]

## Differentiating Neutrophilia from Other Diseases

[edit | edit source]

## Epidemiology and Demographics

[edit | edit source]

## Risk Factors

[edit | edit source]

## Screening

[edit | edit source]

## Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis

[edit | edit source]

### Natural History

[edit | edit source]

### Complications

[edit | edit source]

### Prognosis

[edit | edit source]

## Diagnosis

[edit | edit source]

### Diagnostic Criteria

[edit | edit source]

### History and Symptoms

[edit | edit source]

### Physical Examination

[edit | edit source]

### Laboratory Findings

[edit | edit source]

### Imaging Findings

[edit | edit source]

### Other Diagnostic Studies

[edit | edit source]

## Treatment

[edit | edit source]

### Medical Therapy

[edit | edit source]

### Surgery

[edit | edit source]

### Prevention

[edit | edit source]

## See also

[edit | edit source]

* Granulocytosis (often used as synonym)
* Neutropenia (having too few neutrophils)
* Absolute neutrophil count

## References

[edit | edit source]

1. ↑ Template:DorlandsDict
2. ↑ Mohamed IS, Wynn RJ, Cominsky K, et al. (June 2006). "White blood cell left shift in a neonate: a case of mistaken identity". J Perinatol. 26 (6): 378–80. doi:10.1038/sj.jp.7211513. PMID 16724080.
3. ↑ Shmuely H, Pitlik SD, Inbal A, Rosenfeld JB (June 1993). "Pelger-Huët anomaly mimicking 'shift to the left'". Neth J Med. 42 (5–6): 168–70. PMID 8377874.
4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Table 12-6 in: Mitchell, Richard Sheppard; Kumar, Vinay; Abbas, Abul K; Fausto, Nelson. Robbins Basic Pathology. Philadelphia: Saunders. ISBN 1-4160-2973-7. 8th edition.
5. ↑ "bloodandcancerclinic". Retrieved 10 April 2013.
6. ↑ https://www.orpha.net/data/patho/GB/uk-LeucocyteAdhesionDeficiency.pdf