Obesity causes

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

## Overview

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## Causes

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### Common Causes

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* Cushing's syndrome
* Drugs
* Diabetes
* Familial obesity
* Glucocorticoids
* Hypothyroidism
* Hyperandrogenism
* Metabolic Syndrome
* Overeating
* Physical inactivity
* Polycystic ovary syndrome

### Causes by Organ System

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Cardiovascular | Cardiomyopathy -- hypogonadism -- metabolic anomalies, Subaortic stenosis -- short stature syndrome, Hypogonadism -- mitral valve prolapse -- mental retardation, Obesity -- colitis -- hypothyroidism -- cardiac hypertrophy -- developmental delay complex

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Chemical / poisoning | No underlying causes
Dermatologic | No underlying causes
Drug Side Effect | Amitriptyline, Cortisol, Imipramine, Citalopram, Chlorpromazine, Estrogen, Insulin, Gabapentin, Glitazones, Hormone replacement therapy , Lithium, Mirtazapine, Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), Olanzapine, Prednisolone, Prednisone, Paroxetine, Pizotifen, Propanolol, Sotalol, Sodium valproate, Sertraline, Sulphonylurea, Vigabatrin
Ear Nose Throat | Ayazi syndrome, Metaphyseal dysostosis - mental retardation - conductive deafness complex
Endocrine | Achard-Thiers Syndrome, Familial Adrenal adenoma, Adrenal incidentaloma, Aromatase deficiency, Borjeson Syndrome , Borjeson-Forssman-Lehmann syndrome , Bardet-Biedl syndrome, Cushing syndrome, Cushing's disease, Cardiomyopathy -- hypogonadism -- metabolic anomalies, Cortisone reductase deficiency, Diabetes, Functioning pancreatic endocrine tumor, HAIR-AN Syndrome, Hyperadrenalism, Hyperandrogenism, Hyperinsulinism, Hyperpituitarism, Hypogonadism -- mitral valve prolapse -- mental retardation complex, Hypogonadotropic -- hypogonadism -- syndactyly complex, Hydrocephalus-obesity-hypogonadism, Hypopituitaryism, Hypothyroidism, Insulinoma, Laurence-Moon-Biedl syndrome, Mauriac syndrome, Myxedema, Obesity -- colitis -- hypothyroidism -- cardiac hypertrophy -- developmental delay complex, Pseudohypoparathyroidism, Retinohepatoendocrinologic syndrome, Renal tubulopathy -- diabetes mellitus -- cerebellar ataxia complex, Schroeder syndrome 1, Sohval-Soffer syndrome
Environmental | No underlying causes
Gastroenterologic | Bearn-Kunkel syndrome, Obesity -- colitis -- hypothyroidism -- cardiac hypertrophy -- developmental delay complex, Retinohepatoendocrinologic syndrome
Genetic | Alstrom's Syndrome, Atkin-Flatiz syndrome, Bardet-Biedl syndrome, Biemond syndrome type 2, Carpenter syndrome, Chondrodysplasia, Grebe type, Chromosome 12p tetrasomy syndrome, Chromosome 1p deletion syndrome, Chromosome 21q deletion syndrome, Chromosome 3, trisomy 3q13 2 q25, Chromosome 4, trisomy 4p, Chromosome 5, trisomy 5q, Chromosome 5q duplication syndrome, Chromosome 9, partial trisomy 9p, Clark-Baraitser syndrome, Cohen syndrome, Congenital Leptin deficiency, Cortisone reductase deficiency, Duplication 5q, Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase deficiency, Inherited predisposition, Klinefelter syndrome , Laron dwarfism, Laurence-Moon-Biedl syndrome, McCune-Albright Syndrome, Mental retardation X-linked short stature obesity, Mental retardation X-linked syndromic 7, Mental retardation, X linked -- precocious puberty -- obesity, Mental retardation, X-linked -- gynecomastia -- obesity complex, Mental retardation, X-linked -- hypogonadism -- ichthyosis -- obesity -- short stature complex, Mental retardation, X-linked, syndromic 11, MOMO syndrome, Partial deletion chromosome 11p, Partial duplication 9p , Prolidase deficiency, Schinzel Syndrome, Stewart-Morel-Morgagni Syndrome, Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome, Summitt syndrome, Syndrome X, Urban rogers meyer syndrome, Vasquez Hurst Sotos syndrome, WAGR Syndrome, Williams Syndrome , Wilson-Turner X-linked mental retardation, X-linked mental retardation craniofacial abnormal microcepahly club, X-linked mental retardation-hypotonic facies syndrome, Young-Hughes syndrome
Hematologic | Bearn-Kunkel syndrome
Iatrogenic | No underlying causes
Infectious Disease | No underlying causes
Musculoskeletal / Ortho | Albright's hereditary osteodystrophy, Anophthalmia -- short stature -- obesity, Acrocephalopolysyndactyly - type 2 (ACPS 2), Bardet-Biedl syndrome, Biemond syndrome type 2, Cartilage Hair Hypoplasia, Carpenter syndrome, Chondrodysplasia, Grebe type, Clark-Baraitser syndrome, Cohen syndrome, Emerinopathy, Hyperostosis frontalis interna, Laurence-Moon-Biedl syndrome, McCune-Albright Syndrome, McKusick type metaphyseal chondrodysplasia, Metaphyseal dysostosis - mental retardation - conductive deafness complex, Overgrowth syndrome, type Fryer, Stewart-Morel-Morgagni Syndrome, Sohval-Soffer syndrome, Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome
Neurologic | Acrocephalopolysyndactyly - type 2 (ACPS 2), Bobble-head doll syndrome, Borjeson Syndrome , Borjeson-Forssman-Lehmann syndrome , Chromophobe adenoma, Craniopharyngioma, Empty sella syndrome, Frohlich syndrome, Grahmann's syndrome, Growth Hormone Receptor Deficiency, Hyperpituitarism, Hydrocephalus-obesity-hypogonadism, Hypothalamic Dysfunction, Hypothalamus tumor, Increased intracranial pressure, Kleine-Levin-Critchley syndrome, Nguyen syndrome, Metaphyseal dysostosis - mental retardation - conductive deafness complex, Pituitary gland cancer, Polyneuropathy -- mental retardation -- acromicria -- premature menopause, Renal tubulopathy -- diabetes mellitus -- cerebellar ataxia complex, Third ventricle tumor
Nutritional / Metabolic | Abdominal obesity metabolic syndrome, Binge eating disorder, Cardiomyopathy -- hypogonadism -- metabolic anomalies, Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase deficiency, Metabolic Syndrome, Nguyen syndrome
Obstetric/Gynecologic | OHSS, Polycystic ovary syndrome
Oncologic | Craniopharyngioma, Functioning pancreatic endocrine tumor, Pituitary gland cancer, Third ventricle tumor, WAGR Syndrome
Opthalmologic | Aniridia - ptosis - mental retardation - obesity familial type complex, Anophthalmia -- short stature -- obesity, Ayazi syndrome, Bardet-Biedl syndrome, Choroideremia, Laurence-Moon-Biedl syndrome, Retinohepatoendocrinologic syndrome, WAGR Syndrome
Overdose / Toxicity | No underlying causes
Psychiatric | Atkin-Flatiz syndrome, Borjeson Syndrome , Borjeson-Forssman-Lehmann syndrome , Biemond syndrome type 2, Clark-Baraitser syndrome, Cohen syndrome
Pulmonary | No underlying causes
Renal / Electrolyte | Renal tubulopathy -- diabetes mellitus -- cerebellar ataxia complex, WAGR Syndrome
Rheum / Immune / Allergy | Bearn-Kunkel syndrome
Sexual | No underlying causes
Trauma | No underlying causes
Urologic | No underlying causes
Dental | No underlying causes
Miscellaneous | Adiposogenital dystrophy, Albright like syndrome, Alcohol-induced pseudo-Cushing syndrome, Ampola syndrome, Familial obesity, Hypertrichosis-brachydactyly-obesity and mental retardation complex, Launois-Bensaude Syndrome, Leschke-Ullmann syndrome, Madelung's Disease, Menopause, Mental retardation -- blepharophimosis -- obesity -- web neck complex, Mental retardation -- epilepsy -- bulbous nose complex, Mental retardation -- epileptic seizures -- hypogonadism -- hypogenitalism -microcephaly -- obesity complex, Mental retardation -- gynecomastia -- obesity - X-linked , Mental retardation -- nasal hypoplasia -- obesity -- genital hypoplasia complex, Mental retardation - unusual facies ampola type , Multiple lipomas, Overeating , Physical inactivity, Polyphagia, Prader-Willi syndrome, Pubertal obesity, Sengers-Hamel-Otten syndrome, Weight cycling

### Causes by Alphabetical Order

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* Abdominal obesity metabolic syndrome

* Achard-Thiers Syndrome

* Acrocephalopolysyndactyly - type 2(ACPS 2)

* Adiposogenital dystrophy

* Familial Adrenal adenoma

* Adrenal incidentaloma

* Albright like syndrome

* Albright's hereditary osteodystrophy

* Alcohol-induced pseudo-Cushing syndrome

* Alstrom's Syndrome

* Amitriptyline

* Ampola syndrome

* Aniridia - ptosis - mental retardation - obesity familial type complex

* Anophthalmia -- short stature -- obesity

* Aromatase deficiency

* Atkin-Flatiz syndrome

* Ayazi syndrome

* Bardet-Biedl syndrome

* Bearn-Kunkel syndrome

* Biemond syndrome type 2

* Binge eating disorder

* Bobble-head doll syndrome

* Borjeson Syndrome

* Borjeson-Forssman-Lehmann syndrome

* Cardiomyopathy -- hypogonadism -- metabolic anomalies

* Carpenter syndrome

* Cartilage Hair Hypoplasia

* Chlorpromazine

* Chondrodysplasia, Grebe type

* Choroideremia

* Chromophobe adenoma

* Chromosome 12p tetrasomy syndrome

* Chromosome 1p deletion syndrome

* Chromosome 21q deletion syndrome

* Chromosome 3 - trisomy 3q13 2 q25

* Chromosome 4 - trisomy 4p

* Chromosome 5 - trisomy 5q

* Chromosome 5q duplication syndrome

* Chromosome 9 - partial trisomy 9p

* Citalopram

* Clark-Baraitser syndrome

* Cohen syndrome

* Congenital leptin deficiency

* Cortisol

* Cortisone reductase deficiency

* Craniopharyngioma

* Cushing syndrome

* Cushing's disease

* Diabetes

* Duplication 5q

* Emerinopathy

* Empty sella syndrome

* Estrogen

* Familial obesity

* Frohlich syndrome

* Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase deficiency

* Functioning pancreatic endocrine tumor

* Gabapentin

* Glitazones

* Grahmann's syndrome

* Growth Hormone Receptor Deficiency

* HAIR-AN Syndrome

* Hormone replacement therapy

* Hydrocephalus-obesity-hypogonadism

* Hyperadrenalism

* Hyperandrogenism

* Hyperinsulinism

* Hyperostosis frontalis interna

* Hyperpituitarism

* Hypertrichosis-brachydactyly-obesity and mental retardation complex

* Hypogonadism -- mitral valve prolapse -- mental retardation

* Hypogonadotropic -- hypogonadism -- syndactyly

* Hypopituitaryism

* Hypothalamic Dysfunction

* Hypothalamus tumor

* Hypothyroidism

* Imipramine

* Increased intracranial pressure

* Inherited predisposition

* Insulin

* Insulinoma

* Kleine-Levin-Critchley syndrome

* Klinefelter syndrome

* Laron dwarfism

* Launois-Bensaude Syndrome

* Laurence-Moon-Biedl syndrome

* Leschke-Ullmann syndrome

* Lithium

* Madelung's Disease

* Mauriac syndrome

* McCune-Albright Syndrome

* McKusick type metaphyseal chondrodysplasia

* Menopause

* Mental retardation -- blepharophimosis -- obesity -- web neck complex

* Mental retardation -- epilepsy -- bulbous nose complex

* Mental retardation -- epileptic seizures -- hypogonadism -- hypogenitalism -microcephaly -- obesity complex

* Mental retardation -- gynecomastia -- obesity - X-linked

* Mental retardation -- nasal hypoplasia -- obesity -- genital hypoplasia complex

* Mental retardation - unusual facies ampola type

* Mental retardation X-linked short stature obesity

* Mental retardation X-linked syndromic 7

* Mental retardation, X linked -- precocious puberty -- obesity

* Mental retardation, X-linked -- gynecomastia -- obesity complex

* Mental retardation, X-linked -- hypogonadism -- ichthyosis -- obesity -- short stature complex

* Mental retardation, X-linked, syndromic 11

* Metabolic Syndrome

* Metaphyseal dysostosis - mental retardation - conductive deafness complex

* Mirtazapine

* MOMO syndrome

* Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)

* Multiple lipomas

* Myxedema

* Nguyen syndrome

* Obesity -- colitis -- hypothyroidism -- cardiac hypertrophy -- developmental delay complex

* OHSS

* Olanzapine

* Overeating

* Overgrowth syndrome, type Fryer

* Paroxetine

* Partial deletion chromosome 11p

* Partial duplication 9p

* Physical inactivity

* Pituitary gland cancer

* Pizotifen

* Polycystic ovary syndrome

* Polyneuropathy -- mental retardation -- acromicria -- premature menopause

* Polyphagia

* Prader-Willi syndrome

* Prednisolone

* Prednisone

* Prolidase deficiency

* Propanolol

* Pseudohypoparathyroidism

* Pubertal obesity

* Renal tubulopathy -- diabetes mellitus -- cerebellar ataxia complex

* Retinohepatoendocrinologic syndrome

* Schinzel Syndrome

* Schroeder syndrome 1

* Sengers-Hamel-Otten syndrome

* Sertraline

* Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome

* Sodium valproate

* Sohval-Soffer syndrome

* Sotalol

* Stein-Leventhal syndrome

* Stewart-Morel-Morgagni Syndrome

* Subaortic stenosis -- short stature syndrome

* Sulphonylurea

* Summitt syndrome

* Syndrome X

* Third ventricle tumor

* Urban rogers meyer syndrome

* Vasquez Hurst Sotos syndrome

* Vigabatrin

* WAGR Syndrome

* Weight cycling

* Williams Syndrome

* Wilson-Turner X-linked mental retardation

* X-linked mental retardation craniofacial abnormal microcepahly club

* X-linked mental retardation-hypotonic facies syndrome

* Young-Hughes syndrome

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## References

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