Occupational lung disease x ray

Occupational lung disease Microchapters

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1];Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Hadeel Maksoud M.D.[2]

## Overview[edit | edit source]

A chest x-ray is the cornerstone of diagnosis in occupational lung disease. Findings on an x-ray suggestive of occupational lung disease include pleural thickening, pleural plaques, pleural abnormalities, calcification, small or large opacities, costophrenic angle obliteration, atelectasis, pneumothorax, parenchymal bands, enlarged hilar or mediastinal lymph nodes, bullae, and granulomata.

## X Ray[edit | edit source]

* A chest x-ray is the cornerstone of diagnosis in occupational lung disease. Findings on an x-ray suggestive of occupational lung disease include:[1]
* Pleural thickening
* Pleural plaques
* Pleural abnormalities
* Calcification
* Small or large opacities
* Costophrenic angle obliteration
* Atelectasis
* Pneumothorax
* Parenchymal bands
* Enlarged hilar or mediastinal lymph nodes
* Bullae
* Granulomata

* An x-ray may be helpful in the diagnosis of complications of occupational lung disease, which include:
* Pulmonary edema
* Pneumothorax
* Pleural effusion

## X-ray findings for specific etiologies[edit | edit source]

X-ray findings depending on specific etiologies of occupational lung disease include:[2][3][4][5][6][7]

### Silicosis and Talcosis[edit | edit source]

* Multiple, small rounded opacities
* Predilection to dorsal aspect of upper lobe
* Diffuse ground glass opacities
* Punctuate calcification in lymph nodes

### Coal worker's pneumoconiosis[edit | edit source]

* Small, irregular opacities coalesce to indicate progressive massive fibrosis

### Asbestosis[edit | edit source]

* Predilection to lower lobes
* Diaphragmatic plaques are pathognomonic
* Fine and coarse linear, peripheral, reticular opacities

### Berylliosis[edit | edit source]

* Multiple, rounded opacities with or without calcification
* Architectural distortion
* Loss of lung tissue volume
* Shadows
* Upper lobe predominance
* Chronic berylliosis shows emphysema with bulla formation

### Hypersensitivity pneumonitis[edit | edit source]

* Starts at the lower lobes and moves progressively upwards
* Reticular opacities with honeycombing

### Vineyard sprayer's lung[edit | edit source]

* Nodular opacities
* Lobar consolidation
* Upper lobe scarring
* Conglomerate shadows
* Lung destruction

### Hard metal pneumoconiosis[edit | edit source]

* Small nodules
* Reticular opacities
* Small cystic spaces
* Basal predominance

Source:wikimediacommons, shows early asbestosis with plaques seen along the upper surface of the diaphragm by User Clinical Cases on en.wikipedia - Originally from en.wikipedia; description page is (was) here04:00, 5 March 2006 Clinical Cases 843x1024 (67110 bytes) (Source: Early Asbestosis in a Retired Pipe Fitter http://clinicalcases.blogspot.com/2004/03/early-asbestosis-in-retired-pipe.html Clinical_Cases: I made the photo myself, licensed under Creative Commons ), CC BY-SA 2.5, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=729018

## References[edit | edit source]

1. ↑ Stark P, Jacobson F, Shaffer K (1992). "Standard imaging in silicosis and coal worker's pneumoconiosis". Radiol. Clin. North Am. 30 (6): 1147–54. PMID 1410305.
2. ↑ Marchiori E, Lourenço S, Gasparetto TD, Zanetti G, Mano CM, Nobre LF (2010). "Pulmonary talcosis: imaging findings". Lung. 188 (2): 165–71. doi:10.1007/s00408-010-9230-y. PMID 20155272.
3. ↑ Stark P (1981). "Vineyard sprayer's lung - a rare occupational disease". J Can Assoc Radiol. 32 (3): 183–4. PMID 7298709.
4. ↑ Nemery B, Abraham JL (2007). "Hard metal lung disease: still hard to understand". Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 176 (1): 2–3. doi:10.1164/rccm.200704-527ED. PMID 17586761.
5. ↑ Antao VC, Pinheiro GA, Terra-Filho M, Kavakama J, Müller NL (2005). "High-resolution CT in silicosis: correlation with radiographic findings and functional impairment". J Comput Assist Tomogr. 29 (3): 350–6. PMID 15891506.
6. ↑ Dee P, Suratt P, Winn W (1978). "The radiographic findings in acute silicosis". Radiology. 126 (2): 359–63. doi:10.1148/126.2.359. PMID 622482.
7. ↑ Blackley DJ, Reynolds LE, Short C, Carson R, Storey E, Halldin CN, Laney AS (2018). "Progressive Massive Fibrosis in Coal Miners From 3 Clinics in Virginia". JAMA. 319 (5): 500–501. doi:10.1001/jama.2017.18444. PMID 29411024.