Ovarian cancer physical examination

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Monalisa Dmello, M.B,B.S., M.D. [2]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Huda A. Karman, M.D.

## Overview

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Ovarian cancer physical exam findings varies from patient to another but usually the symptoms and signs are nonspecific and the cancer is discovered in its late stages. The findings in the physical exam can be palpable adnexal mass, ascites, pleural effusion, bowel obstruction.

## Physical exam

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* Signs of ovarian cancer can vary based on the advancement of the disease.[1][2][3][4][5][6][7]
* Women with advanced disease presents with acute symptoms such as:
* Pleural effusion
* Bowel obstruction
* Palpable abdominal or adnexal mass
* Venous thromboembolism signs as lower limb swelling and tenderness
* Women with early, late or advanced disease presents with subacute symptoms and signs
* Fatigue
* Weight loss

## References

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1. ↑ White RH, Chew HK, Zhou H, Parikh-Patel A, Harris D, Harvey D; et al. (2005). "Incidence of venous thromboembolism in the year before the diagnosis of cancer in 528,693 adults". Arch Intern Med. 165 (15): 1782–7. doi:10.1001/archinte.165.15.1782. PMID 16087828.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
2. ↑ Sørensen HT, Mellemkjaer L, Olsen JH, Baron JA (2000). "Prognosis of cancers associated with venous thromboembolism". N Engl J Med. 343 (25): 1846–50. doi:10.1056/NEJM200012213432504. PMID 11117976.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
3. ↑ Friedrich M, Villena-Heinsen C, Schweizer J, Holländer M, Stieber M, Schmidt W (1998). "Primary tubal carcinoma: a retrospective analysis of four cases with a literature review". Eur J Gynaecol Oncol. 19 (2): 138–43. PMID 9611053.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
4. ↑ Hippisley-Cox J, Coupland C (2011). "Identifying women with suspected ovarian cancer in primary care: derivation and validation of algorithm". BMJ. 344: d8009. doi:10.1136/bmj.d8009. PMC 3251328. PMID 22217630.
5. ↑ Hamilton W, Peters TJ, Bankhead C, Sharp D (2009). "Risk of ovarian cancer in women with symptoms in primary care: population based case-control study". BMJ. 339: b2998. doi:10.1136/bmj.b2998. PMC 2731836. PMID 19706933.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
6. ↑ SINHA AC (1959). "Hydrops tubae profluens as a presenting symptom in primary carcinoma of the fallopian tube: report of two cases and review of literature". Br Med J. 2 (5158): 996–1001. doi:10.1136/bmj.2.5158.996. PMC 1990718. PMID 14447118.
7. ↑ Ou YC, Huang HY, Huang CC, Changchien CC, Tseng CW, Lin H (2011). "Primary fallopian tube carcinoma: clinicopathological analysis of 12 cases". Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol. 50 (2): 141–4. doi:10.1016/j.tjog.2011.01.031. PMID 21791297.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)

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