Paroxysmal hypertension

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

## Contents

* 1 Overview
* 2 Classification
* 3 Causes
* 3.1 Common Causes
* 3.2 Causes by Organ System
* 3.3 Causes in Alphabetical Order
* 4 Natural History, Complications and Prognosis
* 5 References

## Overview

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Paroxysmal hypertension is episodic high blood pressure.

## Classification

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Patients with paroxysmal hypertension who test negative for phaeochromocytoma are said to be suffering from pseudopheochromocytoma,[1] a disorder with no known cause.

## Causes

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### Common Causes

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### Causes by Organ System

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Cardiovascular | Baroreflex failure, Factitious hypertension

|

Chemical / poisoning | No underlying causes
Dermatologic | No underlying causes
Drug Side Effect | Amphetamine, Cocaine, Lysergic acid diethylamide, Tyrosine ingestion combined with monoamine oxidase inhibitors
Ear Nose Throat | No underlying causes
Endocrine | Hyperthyroidism, Pheochromocytoma
Environmental | No underlying causes
Gastroenterologic | Carcinoid
Genetic | No underlying causes
Hematologic | Mastocytosis
Iatrogenic | No underlying causes
Infectious Disease | No underlying causes
Musculoskeletal / Ortho | No underlying causes
Neurologic | Brain tumor, Cluster headache, Intracranial hemorrhage, Lateral medulla compression, Migraine headache, Seizures, Stroke , Traumatic brain injury
Nutritional / Metabolic | Tyrosine ingestion combined with monoamine oxidase inhibitors
Obstetric/Gynecologic | No underlying causes
Oncologic | Carcinoid, Pheochromocytoma, Brain tumor
Opthalmologic | No underlying causes
Overdose / Toxicity | Amphetamine, Cocaine, Lysergic acid diethylamide, Tyrosine ingestion combined with monoamine oxidase inhibitors
Psychiatric | Anxiety, Factitious hypertension
Pulmonary | No underlying causes
Renal / Electrolyte | Renovascular hypertension
Rheum / Immune / Allergy | No underlying causes
Sexual | No underlying causes
Trauma | Traumatic brain injury
Urologic | No underlying causes
Dental | No underlying causes
Miscellaneous | Pseudopheochromocytoma, Factitious hypertension

### Causes in Alphabetical Order

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* Amphetamine
* Anxiety
* Baroreflex failure
* Brain tumor
* Carcinoid
* Cluster headache
* Cocaine
* Factitious hypertension
* Hyperthyroidism
* Intracranial hemorrhage
* Lateral medulla compression
* Lysergic acid diethylamide
* Mastocytosis
* Migraine headache
* Pheochromocytoma
* Pseudopheochromocytoma[2]
* Renovascular hypertension
* Traumatic brain injury
* Tyrosine ingestion combined with monoamine oxidase inhibitors
* Seizures
* Stroke

## Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

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* Some cases can result in hypertensive encephalopathy

## References

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1. ↑ Kuchel, O. Pseudopheochromocytoma. Hypertension 1985; 7:151
2. ↑ Kuchel, O. Pseudopheochromocytoma. Hypertension 1985; 7:151

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