Pelvic inflammatory disease history and symptoms

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:  Seyedmahdi Pahlavani, M.D. [2]

## Overview[edit | edit source]

Detailed history about sexual activity and number of partners must be obtained. Common symptoms for PID include lower abdominal pain, abnormal uterine bleeding, and urinary frequency. History must include the duration and severity of these symptoms.

## History[edit | edit source]

A detailed and thorough history from the patient is necessary. Specific areas of focus when obtaining a history from the patient include:[1]

* Recent sexual activities
* Number of sex partners or any new partner
* Using condom
* History of prior STDs

A detailed history about the onset of symptoms, pain characteristics, and constitutional symptoms must be obtained.[2]

## Symptoms[edit | edit source]

Many of patients are asymptomatic. Common symptoms include:[3]

* Abdominal pain:

Usually bilateral and in lower abdomen.

* Abnormal uterine bleeding:

Postcoital bleeding, inter menstrual bleeding and menorrhagia occur in one-third of patients with PID.

* Urinary frequency
* Abnormal vaginal discharge

## References[edit | edit source]

1. ↑ Ford GW, Decker CF (2016). "Pelvic inflammatory disease". Dis Mon. 62 (8): 301–5. doi:10.1016/j.disamonth.2016.03.015. PMID 27107781.
2. ↑ Ross J, Judlin P, Jensen J (2014). "2012 European guideline for the management of pelvic inflammatory disease". Int J STD AIDS. 25 (1): 1–7. doi:10.1177/0956462413498714. PMID 24216035.
3. ↑ Brunham RC, Gottlieb SL, Paavonen J (2015). "Pelvic inflammatory disease". N. Engl. J. Med. 372 (21): 2039–48. doi:10.1056/NEJMra1411426. PMID 25992748.

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