Pelvic inflammatory disease risk factors

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:  Seyedmahdi Pahlavani, M.D. [2]

## Overview[edit | edit source]

Common risk factors in the development of pelvic inflammatory disease include prior history of pelvic inflammatory disease, recent sexual contact, multiple sexual partners and IUD.

## Risk Factors[edit | edit source]

Important risk factors in PID development include:

* Multiple partners:

Having multiple sexual partners within last six months increase the risk of PID.[1]

* Previous PID:

Recurrent PID is more common among women who have a history of PID.[2]

* IUD:

It will increase the risk of PID in first 3 weeks after implementation.[3][4]

## References[edit | edit source]

1. ↑ Lee NC, Rubin GL, Grimes DA (1991). "Measures of sexual behavior and the risk of pelvic inflammatory disease". Obstet Gynecol. 77 (3): 425–30. PMID 1992411.
2. ↑ Weström L (1975). "Effect of acute pelvic inflammatory disease on fertility". Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 121 (5): 707–13. PMID 123123.
3. ↑ Viberga I, Odlind V, Lazdane G, Kroica J, Berglund L, Olofsson S (2005). "Microbiology profile in women with pelvic inflammatory disease in relation to IUD use". Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol. 13 (4): 183–90. doi:10.1080/10647440500097601. PMC 1784576. PMID 16338777.
4. ↑ Grimes DA (2000). "Intrauterine device and upper-genital-tract infection". Lancet. 356 (9234): 1013–9. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(00)02699-4. PMID 11041414.

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