Polio risk factors

Polio Microchapters

Home

Patient Information

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Poliovirus

Differentiating Polio from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

Treatment

Medical Therapy

Prevention

Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

Polio risk factors On the Web

Most recent articles

Most cited articles

Review articles

CME Programs

Powerpoint slides

Images

American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Polio risk factors

All Images
X-rays
Echo & Ultrasound
CT Images
MRI

Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov

US National Guidelines Clearinghouse

NICE Guidance

FDA on Polio risk factors

CDC on Polio risk factors

Polio risk factors in the news

Blogs on Polio risk factors

Directions to Hospitals Treating Polio

Risk calculators and risk factors for Polio risk factors

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:  João André Alves Silva, M.D. [2]

## Overview

[edit | edit source]

Risk factors for infection with poliovirus include not receiving the vaccine, traveling to countries endemic for the virus, immunodeficiency, and malnutrition. Once infected with the virus, risks for developing poliomyelitis and severe forms of the disease include muscle trauma, excessive exercise, pregnancy, B-cell immunodeficiency, and tonsillectomy.

## Risk Factors

[edit | edit source]

Risk factors for the development of poliomyelitis include:[1][2]

* Unvaccinated status
* Traveling to endemic countries or regions
* Immunodeficiency[3]
* Malnutrition[4]

Factors that increase the risk of developing poliomyelitis, after infection with poliovirus include:[5]

* Muscle trauma (provocation poliomyelitis)
* Excessive exercise (provocation poliomyelitis)[6]
* Injections (provocation poliomyelitis)[7]
* Pregnancy[8]
* B-cell immunodeficiency
* Tonsilectomy[9]

## References

[edit | edit source]

1. ↑ "Polyomavirus".
2. ↑ "Poliomyelitis" (PDF).
3. ↑ Davis L, Bodian D, Price D, Butler I, Vickers J (1977). "Chronic progressive poliomyelitis secondary to vaccination of an immunodeficient child". N Engl J Med. 297 (5): 241–5. PMID 195206.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
4. ↑ Chandra R (1975). "Reduced secretory antibody response to live attenuated measles and poliovirus vaccines in malnourished children". Br Med J. 2 (5971): 583–5. PMID 1131622.
5. ↑ Mueller S, Wimmer E, Cello J (2005). "Poliovirus and poliomyelitis: a tale of guts, brains, and an accidental event". Virus Res. 111 (2): 175–93. doi:10.1016/j.virusres.2005.04.008. PMID 15885840.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
6. ↑ Horstmann D (1950). "Acute poliomyelitis relation of physical activity at the time of onset to the course of the disease". J Am Med Assoc. 142 (4): 236–41. PMID 15400610.
7. ↑ Gromeier M, Wimmer E (1998). "Mechanism of injury-provoked poliomyelitis". J. Virol. 72 (6): 5056–60. PMID 9573275.
8. ↑ Evans C (1960). "Factors influencing the occurrence of illness during naturally acquired poliomyelitis virus infections" (PDF). Bacteriol Rev. 24 (4): 341–52. PMID 13697553.
9. ↑ Miller A (1952). "Incidence of poliomyelitis; the effect of tonsillectomy and other operations on the nose and throat". Calif Med. 77 (1): 19–21. PMID 12978882.

Template:WH Template:WS