Prostate cancer physical examination

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:  Syed Musadiq Ali M.B.B.S.[2]

## Overview[edit | edit source]

Common physical examination findings of prostate cancer include cachexia, pallor, anesthesia in the lower limbs, paresis in the lower limbs, lower-extremity lymphedema, bony tenderness, suprapubic palpation of the bladder, and an asymmetrical boggy mass with the change of texture may be palpated in the anterior wall of the rectum.

## Physical Examination[edit | edit source]

### Appearance of the Patient[edit | edit source]

* Cancer cachexia[1]

### Skin[edit | edit source]

* Pallor

### HEENT[edit | edit source]

* HEENT examination of patients with prostate cancer is usually normal.

### Neck[edit | edit source]

* Neck examination of patients with prostate cancer is usually normal.

### Lungs[edit | edit source]

* Pulmonary examination of patients with prostate cancer is usually normal.

### Heart[edit | edit source]

* Cardiovascular examination of patients with prostate cancer is usually normal.

### Abdomen[edit | edit source]

* Suprapubic palpation of the bladder
* Overdistended bladder due to outlet obstruction[2]

### Extremities[edit | edit source]

* Anesthesia in the lower limbs
* Paresis in the lower limbs
* Lower-extremity lymphedema[1]
* Bony tenderness

### Digital rectal examination[edit | edit source]

* Asymmetrical boggy mass with the change of texture may be palpated in the anterior wall of the rectum[3][4]

## References[edit | edit source]

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Scheel BI, Holtedahl K (2015). "Symptoms, signs, and tests: The general practitioner's comprehensive approach towards a cancer diagnosis". Scand J Prim Health Care. 33 (3): 170–7. doi:10.3109/02813432.2015.1067512. PMC 4750720. PMID 26375323.
2. ↑ Hamilton W, Sharp DJ, Peters TJ, Round AP (October 2006). "Clinical features of prostate cancer before diagnosis: a population-based, case-control study". Br J Gen Pract. 56 (531): 756–62. PMC 1920715. PMID 17007705.
3. ↑ Presti JC (January 2000). "Prostate cancer: assessment of risk using digital rectal examination, tumor grade, prostate-specific antigen, and systematic biopsy". Radiol. Clin. North Am. 38 (1): 49–58. PMID 10664666.
4. ↑ Hamilton W, Sharp D (August 2004). "Symptomatic diagnosis of prostate cancer in primary care: a structured review". Br J Gen Pract. 54 (505): 617–21. PMC 1324845. PMID 15296564.

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