Pseudobulbar palsy

ICD-9 | 335.23
DiseasesDB | 10826
MeSH | D020828

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

## Contents

* 1 Overview
* 2 Causes
* 3 Symptoms
* 4 Signs
* 5 See also
* 6 External links

## Overview

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Pseudobulbar palsy is bilateral impairment of the function of the lower cranial nerves 9, 10, 11 and 12 due to upper motor neurone lesion of the bulbar muscles from lesions of the corticobulbar pathways in the pyramidal tract.

## Causes

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* Vascular causes: Bilateral hemisphere infarction
* Degenerative disorders: motor neuron disease
* Inflammatory disorders: Multiple sclerosis
* Malignancy: High brain stem tumors

## Symptoms

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These include:

* Dysphagia (difficulty in swallowing)
* Labile affect
* Dysarthria

## Signs

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These include:

* Speech is slow, thick and indistinct
* Gag reflex is normal or exaggerated
* Tongue is small, stiff and spastic
* Jaw jerk is brisk
* There may be upper motor neurone lesion of the limbs.

Bulbar palsy is a similar disorder but is caused by lower motor neurone lesions

## See also

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* Corticobulbar tract
* Bulbar palsy

## External links

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* Template:GPnotebook \- "pseudobulbar palsy"
* Template:GPnotebook \- "comparison of bulbar and pseudobulbar palsy"
* eNotes

Template:Diseases of the nervous system

Template:WikiDoc Sources