Respiratory failure risk factors

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:  M. Khurram Afzal, MD [2]

## Overview

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Common risk factors in the development of respiratory failure include smoking, alcohol abuse, COPD exacerbation, obesity.

## Risk Factors

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### Common Risk Factors

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* Common risk factors in the development of respiratory failure include:[1][2][3][4]
* Smoking
* Alcohol abuse
* Exacerbation of COPD
* Obesity

### Less Common Risk Factors

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* Less common risk factors in the development of respiratory failure include:[4]
* Air pollution

## References

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1. ↑ Atkinson RW, Kang S, Anderson HR, Mills IC, Walton HA (July 2014). "Epidemiological time series studies of PM2.5 and daily mortality and hospital admissions: a systematic review and meta-analysis". Thorax. 69 (7): 660–5. doi:10.1136/thoraxjnl-2013-204492. PMC 4078677. PMID 24706041.
2. ↑ Dong GH, Zhang P, Sun B, Zhang L, Chen X, Ma N, Yu F, Guo H, Huang H, Lee YL, Tang N, Chen J (2012). "Long-term exposure to ambient air pollution and respiratory disease mortality in Shenyang, China: a 12-year population-based retrospective cohort study". Respiration. 84 (5): 360–8. doi:10.1159/000332930. PMID 22116521.
3. ↑ Hsieh SJ, Ware LB, Eisner MD, Yu L, Jacob P, Havel C, Goniewicz ML, Matthay MA, Benowitz NL, Calfee CS (January 2011). "Biomarkers increase detection of active smoking and secondhand smoke exposure in critically ill patients". Crit. Care Med. 39 (1): 40–5. doi:10.1097/CCM.0b013e3181fa4196. PMC 3148017. PMID 20935560.
4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Moazed F, Calfee CS (December 2014). "Environmental risk factors for acute respiratory distress syndrome". Clin. Chest Med. 35 (4): 625–37. doi:10.1016/j.ccm.2014.08.003. PMC 4255333. PMID 25453414.

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