Retinoic acid receptor beta

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Identifiers
Aliases|
External IDs| GeneCards: [1]
Orthologs
Species| Human| Mouse
Entrez| |

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Ensembl| |

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UniProt| |

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RefSeq (mRNA)| |

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RefSeq (protein)| |

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Location (UCSC)| n/a| n/a
PubMed search| n/a| n/a
Wikidata
| View/Edit Human|

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Retinoic acid receptor beta (RAR-beta), also known as NR1B2 (nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group B, member 2) is a nuclear receptor that in humans is encoded by the RARB gene.[1][2]

## Contents

* 1 Function
* 2 Interactions
* 3 See also
* 4 References
* 5 Further reading

## Function

[edit | edit source]

This gene encodes retinoic acid receptor beta, a member of the thyroid-steroid hormone receptor superfamily of nuclear transcriptional regulators. This receptor localizes to the cytoplasm and to subnuclear compartments. It binds retinoic acid, the biologically active form of vitamin A which mediates cellular signalling in embryonic morphogenesis, cell growth and differentiation. It is thought that this protein limits growth of many cell types by regulating gene expression. The gene was first identified in a hepatocellular carcinoma where it flanks a hepatitis B virus integration site. The gene expresses at least two transcript variants; one additional transcript has been described, but its full length nature has not been determined.[1]

## Interactions

[edit | edit source]

Retinoic acid receptor beta has been shown to interact with NR4A2.[3]

## See also

[edit | edit source]

* Retinoic acid receptor

## References

[edit | edit source]

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 "Entrez Gene: RARB retinoic acid receptor, beta".
2. ↑ Mattei MG, de Thé H, Mattei JF, Marchio A, Tiollais P, Dejean A (Oct 1988). "Assignment of the human hap retinoic acid receptor RAR beta gene to the p24 band of chromosome 3". Human Genetics. 80 (2): 189–90. doi:10.1007/BF00702867. PMID 2844650.
3. ↑ Perlmann T, Jansson L (Apr 1995). "A novel pathway for vitamin A signaling mediated by RXR heterodimerization with NGFI-B and NURR1". Genes & Development. 9 (7): 769–82. doi:10.1101/gad.9.7.769. PMID 7705655.

## Further reading

[edit | edit source]

* Dejean A, de Thé H (Jun 1990). "Hepatitis B virus as an insertional mutagene in a human hepatocellular carcinoma". Molecular Biology & Medicine. 7 (3): 213–22. PMID 2170809.
* Sun SY (Jan 2004). "Retinoic acid receptor beta and colon cancer". Cancer Biology & Therapy. 3 (1): 87–8. doi:10.4161/cbt.3.1.686. PMID 14726690.
* Saba N, Jain S, Khuri F (2004). "Chemoprevention in lung cancer". Current Problems in Cancer. 28 (5): 287–306. doi:10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2004.05.005. PMID 15375805.
* Klein O, Grignon Y, Civit T, Auque J, Marchal JC (Sep 2005). "[Methylation status of RARbeta gene promoter in low and high grade cerebral glioma. Comparison with normal tissue. Immuno-histochemical study of nuclear RARbeta expression in low and high grade cerebral glioma cells. Comparison with normal cells. 48 tumors]". Neuro-Chirurgie. 51 (3-4 Pt 1): 147–54. PMID 16389900.
* Katahira M, Knegtel RM, Boelens R, Eib D, Schilthuis JG, van der Saag PT, Kaptein R (Jul 1992). "Homo- and heteronuclear NMR studies of the human retinoic acid receptor beta DNA-binding domain: sequential assignments and identification of secondary structure elements". Biochemistry. 31 (28): 6474–80. doi:10.1021/bi00143a017. PMID 1321662.
* Berrodin TJ, Marks MS, Ozato K, Linney E, Lazar MA (Sep 1992). "Heterodimerization among thyroid hormone receptor, retinoic acid receptor, retinoid X receptor, chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter transcription factor, and an endogenous liver protein". Molecular Endocrinology. 6 (9): 1468–78. doi:10.1210/me.6.9.1468. PMID 1331778.
* van der Leede BJ, Folkers GE, Kruyt FA, van der Saag PT (Oct 1992). "Genomic organization of the human retinoic acid receptor beta 2". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 188 (2): 695–702. doi:10.1016/0006-291X(92)91112-4. PMID 1332705.
* Prentice A, Matthews CJ, Thomas EJ, Redfern CP (May 1992). "The expression of retinoic acid receptors in cultured human endometrial stromal cells and effects of retinoic acid". Human Reproduction. 7 (5): 692–700. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.humrep.a137721. PMID 1379266.
* Shen S, Kruyt FA, den Hertog J, van der Saag PT, Kruijer W (1992). "Mouse and human retinoic acid receptor beta 2 promoters: sequence comparison and localization of retinoic acid responsiveness". DNA Sequence. 2 (2): 111–9. doi:10.3109/10425179109039679. PMID 1663808.
* de Thé H, Vivanco-Ruiz MM, Tiollais P, Stunnenberg H, Dejean A (Jan 1990). "Identification of a retinoic acid responsive element in the retinoic acid receptor beta gene". Nature. 343 (6254): 177–80. doi:10.1038/343177a0. PMID 2153268.
* Hoffmann B, Lehmann JM, Zhang XK, Hermann T, Husmann M, Graupner G, Pfahl M (Nov 1990). "A retinoic acid receptor-specific element controls the retinoic acid receptor-beta promoter". Molecular Endocrinology. 4 (11): 1727–36. doi:10.1210/mend-4-11-1727. PMID 2177841.
* de Thé H, Marchio A, Tiollais P, Dejean A (1988). "A novel steroid thyroid hormone receptor-related gene inappropriately expressed in human hepatocellular carcinoma". Nature. 330 (6149): 667–70. doi:10.1038/330667a0. PMID 2825037.
* Brand N, Petkovich M, Krust A, Chambon P, de Thé H, Marchio A, Tiollais P, Dejean A (Apr 1988). "Identification of a second human retinoic acid receptor". Nature. 332 (6167): 850–3. doi:10.1038/332850a0. PMID 2833708.
* Benbrook D, Lernhardt E, Pfahl M (Jun 1988). "A new retinoic acid receptor identified from a hepatocellular carcinoma". Nature. 333 (6174): 669–72. doi:10.1038/333669a0. PMID 2836738.
* Dejean A, Bougueleret L, Grzeschik KH, Tiollais P (1986). "Hepatitis B virus DNA integration in a sequence homologous to v-erb-A and steroid receptor genes in a hepatocellular carcinoma". Nature. 322 (6074): 70–2. doi:10.1038/322070a0. PMID 3014347.
* Si SP, Tsou HC, Lee X, Peacocke M (Jul 1995). "Effect of cellular senescence and retinoic acid on the expression of cellular retinoic acid binding proteins in skin fibroblasts". Experimental Cell Research. 219 (1): 243–8. doi:10.1006/excr.1995.1224. PMID 7628539.
* Houle B, Pelletier M, Wu J, Goodyer C, Bradley WE (Jan 1994). "Fetal isoform of human retinoic acid receptor beta expressed in small cell lung cancer lines". Cancer Research. 54 (2): 365–9. PMID 8275470.
* Knegtel RM, Katahira M, Schilthuis JG, Bonvin AM, Boelens R, Eib D, van der Saag PT, Kaptein R (Jan 1993). "The solution structure of the human retinoic acid receptor-beta DNA-binding domain". Journal of Biomolecular NMR. 3 (1): 1–17. doi:10.1007/BF00242472. PMID 8383553.

This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.

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PDB gallery

* 1dsz: STRUCTURE OF THE RXR/RAR DNA-BINDING DOMAIN HETERODIMER IN COMPLEX WITH THE RETINOIC ACID RESPONSE ELEMENT DR1

1dsz: STRUCTURE OF THE RXR/RAR DNA-BINDING DOMAIN HETERODIMER IN COMPLEX WITH THE RETINOIC ACID RESPONSE ELEMENT DR1

* 1hra: THE SOLUTION STRUCTURE OF THE HUMAN RETINOIC ACID RECEPTOR-BETA DNA-BINDING DOMAIN

1hra: THE SOLUTION STRUCTURE OF THE HUMAN RETINOIC ACID RECEPTOR-BETA DNA-BINDING DOMAIN

* 1xap: Structure of the ligand binding domain of the Retinoic Acid Receptor beta

1xap: Structure of the ligand binding domain of the Retinoic Acid Receptor beta

* 1xdk: Crystal Structure of the RARbeta/RXRalpha Ligand Binding Domain Heterodimer in Complex with 9-cis Retinoic Acid and a Fragment of the TRAP220 Coactivator

1xdk: Crystal Structure of the RARbeta/RXRalpha Ligand Binding Domain Heterodimer in Complex with 9-cis Retinoic Acid and a Fragment of the TRAP220 Coactivator

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Transcription factors and intracellular receptors

(1) Basic domains

| (1.1) Basic leucine zipper (bZIP)|

* Activating transcription factor
* AATF
* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
* 7
* AP-1
* c-Fos
* FOSB
* FOSL1
* FOSL2
* JDP2
* c-Jun
* JUNB
* JunD
* BACH
* 1
* 2
* BATF
* BLZF1
* C/EBP
* α
* β
* γ
* δ
* ε
* ζ
* CREB
* 1
* 3
* L1
* CREM
* DBP
* DDIT3
* GABPA
* GCN4
* HLF
* MAF
* B
* F
* G
* K
* NFE
* 2
* L1
* L2
* L3
* NFIL3
* NRL
* NRF
* 1
* 2
* 3
* XBP1

|

(1.2) Basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH)|

* ATOH1
* AhR
* AHRR
* ARNT
* ASCL1
* BHLH
* 2
* 3
* 9
* ARNTL
* ARNTL
* ARNTL2
* CLOCK
* EPAS1
* FIGLA
* HAND
* 1
* 2
* HES
* 5
* 6
* HEY
* 1
* 2
* L
* HES1
* HIF
* 1A
* 3A
* ID
* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* LYL1
* MESP2
* MXD4
* MYCL1
* MYCN
* Myogenic regulatory factors
* MyoD
* Myogenin
* MYF5
* MYF6
* Neurogenins
* 1
* 2
* 3
* NeuroD
* 1
* 2
* NPAS
* 1
* 2
* 3
* OLIG
* 1
* 2
* Pho4
* Scleraxis
* SIM
* 1
* 2
* TAL
* 1
* 2
* Twist
* USF1

(1.3) bHLH-ZIP|

* AP-4
* MAX
* MXD3
* MITF
* MNT
* MLX
* MXI1
* Myc
* SREBP
* 1
* 2

(1.4) NF-1|

* NFI
* A
* B
* C
* X
* SMAD
* R-SMAD
* 1
* 2
* 3
* 5
* 9
* I-SMAD
* 6
* 7
* 4)

(1.5) RF-X|

* RFX
* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
* ANK

(1.6) Basic helix-span-helix (bHSH)|

* AP-2
* α
* β
* γ
* δ
* ε

(2) Zinc finger DNA-binding domains

| (2.1) Nuclear receptor (Cys4)|

| subfamily 1|

* Thyroid hormone
* α
* β
* CAR
* FXR
* LXR
* α
* β
* PPAR
* α
* β/δ
* γ
* PXR
* RAR
* α
* β
* γ
* ROR
* α
* β
* γ
* Rev-ErbA
* α
* β
* VDR

|

subfamily 2|

* COUP-TF
* (I
* II
* Ear-2
* HNF4
* α
* γ
* PNR
* RXR
* α
* β
* γ
* Testicular receptor
* 2
* 4
* TLX

subfamily 3|

* Steroid hormone
* Androgen
* Estrogen
* α
* β
* Glucocorticoid
* Mineralocorticoid
* Progesterone
* Estrogen related
* α
* β
* γ

subfamily 4|

* NUR
* NGFIB
* NOR1
* NURR1

subfamily 5|

* LRH-1
* SF1

subfamily 6|

* GCNF

subfamily 0|

* DAX1
* SHP

(2.2) Other Cys4|

* GATA
* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
* MTA
* 1
* 2
* 3
* TRPS1

(2.3) Cys2His2|

* General transcription factors
* TFIIA
* TFIIB
* TFIID
* TFIIE
* 1
* 2
* TFIIF
* 1
* 2
* TFIIH
* 1
* 2
* 4
* 2I
* 3A
* 3C1
* 3C2

* ATBF1
* BCL
* 6
* 11A
* 11B
* CTCF
* E4F1
* EGR
* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* ERV3
* GFI1
* GLI-Krüppel family
* 1
* 2
* 3
* REST
* S1
* S2
* YY1
* HIC
* 1
* 2
* HIVEP
* 1
* 2
* 3
* IKZF
* 1
* 2
* 3
* ILF
* 2
* 3
* KLF
* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
* 7
* 8
* 9
* 10
* 11
* 12
* 13
* 14
* 15
* 17
* MTF1
* MYT1
* OSR1
* PRDM9
* SALL
* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* SP
* 1
* 2
* 4
* 7
* 8
* TSHZ3
* WT1
* Zbtb7
* 7A
* 7B
* ZBTB
* 11
* 16
* 17
* 20
* 32
* 33
* 40
* zinc finger
* 3
* 7
* 9
* 10
* 19
* 22
* 24
* 33B
* 34
* 35
* 41
* 43
* 44
* 51
* 74
* 143
* 146
* 148
* 165
* 202
* 217
* 219
* 238
* 239
* 259
* 267
* 268
* 281
* 295
* 300
* 318
* 330
* 346
* 350
* 365
* 366
* 384
* 423
* 451
* 452
* 471
* 593
* 638
* 644
* 649
* 655

(2.4) Cys6|

* HIVEP1

(2.5) Alternating composition|

* AIRE
* DIDO1
* GRLF1
* ING
* 1
* 2
* 4
* JARID
* 1A
* 1B
* 1C
* 1D
* 2
* JMJD1B

(2.6) WRKY|

* WRKY

(3) Helix-turn-helix domains

| (3.1) Homeodomain|

* ARX
* CDX
* 1
* 2
* CRX
* CUTL1
* DBX
* 1
* 2
* DLX
* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
* EMX
* 1
* 2
* EN
* 1
* 2
* FHL
* 1
* 2
* 3
* HESX1
* HHEX
* HLX
* Homeobox
* A1
* A2
* A3
* A4
* A5
* A7
* A9
* A10
* A11
* A13
* B1
* B2
* B3
* B4
* B5
* B6
* B7
* B8
* B9
* B13
* C4
* C5
* C6
* C8
* C9
* C10
* C11
* C12
* C13
* D1
* D3
* D4
* D8
* D9
* D10
* D11
* D12
* D13
* HOPX
* IRX
* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
* MKX
* LMX
* 1A
* 1B
* MEIS
* 1
* 2
* MEOX2
* MNX1
* MSX
* 1
* 2
* NANOG
* NKX
* 2-1
* 2-2
* 2-3
* 2-5
* 3-1
* 3-2
* 6-1
* 6-2
* NOBOX
* PBX
* 1
* 2
* 3
* PHF
* 1
* 3
* 6
* 8
* 10
* 16
* 17
* 20
* 21A
* PHOX
* 2A
* 2B
* PITX
* 1
* 2
* 3
* POU domain
* PIT-1
* BRN-3: A
* B
* C
* Octamer transcription factor: 1
* 2
* 3/4
* 6
* 7
* 11
* OTX
* 1
* 2
* PDX1
* SATB2
* SHOX2
* SIX
* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* VAX1
* ZEB
* 1
* 2

|

(3.2) Paired box|

* PAX
* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
* 7
* 8
* 9
* PRRX
* 1
* 2
* RAX

(3.3) Fork head / winged helix|

* E2F
* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* FOX proteins
* A1
* A2
* A3
* C1
* C2
* D3
* D4
* E1
* E3
* F1
* G1
* H1
* I1
* J1
* J2
* K1
* K2
* L2
* M1
* N1
* N3
* O1
* O3
* O4
* P1
* P2
* P3
* P4

(3.4) Heat shock factors|

* HSF
* 1
* 2
* 4

(3.5) Tryptophan clusters|

* ELF
* 2
* 4
* 5
* EGF
* ELK
* 1
* 3
* 4
* ERF
* ETS
* 1
* 2
* ERG
* SPIB
* ETV
* 1
* 4
* 5
* 6
* FLI1
* Interferon regulatory factors
* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
* 7
* 8
* MYB
* MYBL2

(3.6) TEA domain|

* transcriptional enhancer factor
* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4

(4) β-Scaffold factors with minor groove contacts

| (4.1) Rel homology region|

* NF-κB
* NFKB1
* NFKB2
* REL
* RELA
* RELB
* NFAT
* C1
* C2
* C3
* C4
* 5

|

(4.2) STAT|

* STAT
* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6

(4.3) p53|

* p53
* TBX
* 1
* 2
* 3
* 5
* 19
* 21
* 22
* TBR1
* TBR2
* TFT
* MYRF
* TP63

(4.4) MADS box|

* Mef2
* A
* B
* C
* D
* SRF

(4.6) TATA-binding proteins|

* TBP
* TBPL1

(4.7) High-mobility group|

* BBX
* HMGB
* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* HMGN
* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* HNF
* 1A
* 1B
* LEF1
* SOX
* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
* 8
* 9
* 10
* 11
* 12
* 13
* 14
* 15
* 18
* 21
* SRY
* SSRP1
* TCF
* 3
* 4
* TOX
* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4

(4.9) Grainyhead|

* TFCP2

(4.10) Cold-shock domain|

* CSDA
* YBX1

(4.11) Runt|

* CBF
* CBFA2T2
* CBFA2T3
* RUNX1
* RUNX2
* RUNX3
* RUNX1T1

(0) Other transcription factors

| (0.2) HMGI(Y)|

* HMGA
* 1
* 2
* HBP1

|

(0.3) Pocket domain|

* Rb
* RBL1
* RBL2

(0.5) AP-2/EREBP-related factors|

* Apetala 2
* EREBP
* B3

(0.6) Miscellaneous|

* ARID
* 1A
* 1B
* 2
* 3A
* 3B
* 4A
* CAP
* IFI
* 16
* 35
* MLL
* 2
* 3
* T1
* MNDA
* NFY
* A
* B
* C
* Rho/Sigma

see also transcription factor/coregulator deficiencies

* v
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* e

Retinoid receptor modulators

RAR|

* Agonists: 9CDHRA
* 9-cis-Retinoic acid (alitretinoin)
* AC-261066
* AC-55649
* Acitretin
* Adapalene
* all-trans-Retinoic acid (tretinoin)
* AM-580
* BMS-493
* BMS-753
* BMS-961
* CD-1530
* CD-2314
* CD-437
* Ch-55
* EC 23
* Etretinate
* Fenretinide
* Isotretinoin
* Palovarotene
* Retinoic acid
* Retinol (vitamin A)
* Tamibarotene
* Tazarotene
* Tazarotenic acid
* TTNPB

* Antagonists: BMS-195614
* BMS-493
* CD-2665
* ER-50891
* LE-135
* MM-11253

* Retinoic acid metabolism inhibitors: Liarozole

RXR|

* Agonists: 9CDHRA
* 9-cis-Retinoic acid (alitretinoin)
* all-trans-Retinoic acid (tretinoin)
* Bexarotene
* CD 3254
* Docosahexaenoic acid
* Fluorobexarotene
* Isotretinoin
* LG-100268
* LG-101506
* LG-100754
* Retinoic acid
* Retinol (vitamin A)
* SR-11237

* Antagonists: HX-531
* HX-630
* LG-100754
* PA-452
* UVI-3003
* HX-603
* LE135 (RAR beta selective)
* LE-540
* CD3254
* PA-451
* PA-452
* Rhein
* HX-711
* 6-(N-ethyl-N-(5-isobutoxy-4-isopropyl-2-(E)-styrylphenyl)amino)nicotinic acid

See also
Receptor/signaling modulators
Nuclear receptor modulators

| This article on a gene on human chromosome 3 is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

* v
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|

*[v]: View this template
*[t]: Discuss this template
*[e]: Edit this template
*[RAR]: Retinoic acid receptor
*[RXR]: Retinoid X receptor