Sandbox:Otitis externa causes

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Luke Rusowicz-Orazem, B.S.

## Overview

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The primary cause of otitis externa is bacterial; the majority of cases result from Pseudomonas aeruginosa or Staphylococcus aureus infections. Otomycosis can cause otitis externa, with primary infectious fungi including Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger. Allergy-caused dermatitis can cause non-infectious otitis externa if they spread to the ear canal, including inflammatory dermatoses such as eczema, seborrhea, and psoriasis. Contact dermatitis can cause otitis externa from allergic reactions to cosmetic chemicals and metals. Rarely, psoriasis therapy secukinumab can cause otitis externa as an adverse reaction.

## Causes

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Causes of otitis externa include all sources ofinflammation of the external ear canal.[1]

### Bacterial

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* The primary bacterial infectious causes of otitis externa are the following:[2]
* Pseudomonas aeruginosa[2]
* Staphylococcus aureus
* Additional bacterial causes include the following:[3]
* Staphylococcus epidermidis
* Microbacterium otitidis
* Microbacterium alconae
* Staphylococcus caprae
* Staphylococcus auricularis
* Enterococcus faecalis
* Enterobacter cloacae
* Staphylococcus capitis
* Staphylococcus haemolyticus
* Infectious bacteria that thrive in water can cause otitis externa due to facilitated transport to the ear canal.[4]

### Fungal

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* Otomycosis can cause otitis externa, with primary infectious fungi including the following:[5]
* Candida albicans
* Aspergillus niger
* Otomycosis-caused otitis externa is common after prolonged antibiotic therapy.[1]

### Allergic Reactions

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* Allergy-caused dermatitis can cause non-infectious otitis externa if they spread to the ear canal and include the following:[5]
* Eczema
* Seborrhea
* Psoriasis[6]
* Contact dermatitis as a reaction to the following:
* Metals, especially nickel or silver
* Hearing aids
* Chemical irritants, including shampoos, soaps, cosmetics etc.

### Drug interaction

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* Rarely, psoriasis therapy secukinumab can cause otitis externa as an adverse reaction.[7]

## References

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1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Hajioff D, Mackeith S (2008). "Otitis externa". BMJ Clin Evid. 2008. PMC 2907945. PMID 19450296.
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Williams, K. P.; Gillespie, J. J.; Sobral, B. W. S.; Nordberg, E. K.; Snyder, E. E.; Shallom, J. M.; Dickerman, A. W. (2010). "Phylogeny of Gammaproteobacteria". Journal of Bacteriology. 192 (9): 2305–2314. doi:10.1128/JB.01480-09. ISSN 0021-9193.
3. ↑ Roland PS, Stroman DW (2002). "Microbiology of acute otitis externa". Laryngoscope. 112 (7 Pt 1): 1166–77. doi:10.1097/00005537-200207000-00005. PMID 12169893.
4. ↑ "Swimmer's ear : MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia".
5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Rosenfeld, R; Brown, L; Cannon, C; Dolor, R; Ganiats, T; Hannley, M; Kokemueller, P; Marcy, S; Roland, P; Shiffman, R (2006). "Clinical practice guideline: Acute otitis externa". Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery. 134 (4): S4–S23. doi:10.1016/j.otohns.2006.02.014. ISSN 0194-5998.
6. ↑ Kang K, Stevens SR. Pathophysiology of atopic dermatitis. Clin Dermatol 2003;21:116–121.
7. ↑ "DailyMed - COSENTYX- secukinumab injection".

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