Sandbox g15

Antibiotic Agent  | Antimicrobial Spectrum  | Dosing Information  | Notable Adverse Reaction

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Amikacin |

* Escherichia coli
* Klebsiella
* Proteus
* Enterobacter
* Serratia
* Pseudomonas

* Neonates (postnatal age ≤ 7 days): 7.5 mg/kg q 12-18 hr IV or IM (≤ 2,000 g); 10 mg/kg q 12 hr IV or IM (> 2,000 g)
* Neonates (postnatal age > 7 days): 7.5 mg/kg q 8-12 hr IV or IM (≤ 2,000 g); 10 mg/kg q 8 hr IV or IM (> 2,000 g)
* Children: 15-25 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8-12 hr IV or IM
* Adults: 15 mg/kg 24 hr divided q 8-12 hr IV or IM

* Ototoxicity
* Nephrotoxicity

Amoxicillin |

* Gram-positive pathogens except Staphylococcus
* Salmonella
* Shigella
* Neisseria
* E. coli
* Proteus mirabilis

* Children: 20-50 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8-12 hr PO. Higher dose of 80-90 mg/kg 24 hr PO for otitis media
* Adults: 250-500 mg q 8-12 hr PO

* Rash
* Diarrhea
* Cramping

Amoxicillin-Clavulanate |

* S. aureus, methicillin-susceptible
* Streptococcus
* Haemophilus influenzae
* Moraxella catarrhalis
* E. coli
* Klebsiella
* Bacteroides fragilis

* Neonates: 30 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO.
* Children: 20-45 mg/kg 24 hr divided q 8-12 hr PO. Higher dose 80-90 mg/kg/24 hr PO for otitis media.

* Diarrhea
* Rash

Ampicillin |

* Gram-positive pathogens except Staphylococcus
* Salmonella
* Shigella
* Neisseria
* E. coli
* Proteus mirabilis

* Neonates (postnatal age ≤ 7 days): 50 mg/kg/24 hr IV or IM q 12 hr (≤ 2,000 g); 75 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM (> 2,000 g)
* Neonates (postnatal age > 7 days): 50 mg/kg/24 hr IV or IM q 12 hr (< 1,200 g); 75 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM (1,200–2,000 g); 100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr IV or IM (> 2,000 g)
* Children: 100-200 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr IV or IM
* Adults: 250-500 mg q 4-8 hr IV or IM

* Diarrhea

Ampicillin-Sulbactam |

* S. aureus
* H. influenzae
* M. catarrhalis
* E. coli
* Klebsiella
* B. fragilis

* Children: 100-200 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 4-8 hr IV or IM
* Adults: 1-2 g q 6-8 hr IV or IM (max daily dose: 8 g)

* Diarrhea
* Rash

Azithromycin  |

* S. aureus
* Streptococcus
* H. influenzae
* Mycoplasma
* Legionella
* Chlamydia trachomatis

* Children: 10 mg/kg PO on day 1 (max dose: 500 mg) followed by 5 mg/kg PO q 24 hr for 4 days.
* Adults: 500 mg PO day 1 followed by 250 mg for 4 days.

* Gastrointestinal distress

Aztreonam |

* Gram-negative aerobic bacteria
* Enterobacteriaceae
* Pseudomonas aeruginosa

* Neonates (postnatal age ≤ 7 days): 60 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV or IM (≤ 2,000 g); 90 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM (> 2,000 g)
* Neonates (postnatal age > 7 days): 60 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV or IM (< 1,200 g); 90 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM (1,200–2,000 g); 120 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr IV or IM (> 2,000 g)
* Children: 90-120 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr IV or IM
* Adults: 1-2 g IV or IM q 8-12 hr (max dose: 8 g/24 hr)

* Rash
* Thrombophlebitis
* Eosinophilia

Carbenicillin |

* Enterobacter
* Proteus
* Pseudomonas

* Neonates (postnatal age ≤ 7 days): 225 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM (≤ 2,000 g); 300 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr IV or IM (> 2,000 g)
* Neonates (postnatal age > 7 days): 300-400 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr IV or IM
* Children: 400-600 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 4-6 hr IV or IM

* Rash
* Liver transaminases elevation

Cefaclor |

* S. aureus
* S. pneumoniae
* H. influenzae
* E. coli
* Klebsiella
* Proteus

* Children: 20-40 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8-12 hr PO (max dose: 2 g)
* Adults: 250-500 mg q 6-8 hr PO

* Rash
* Eosinophilia
* Serum sickness-like reaction

Cefadroxil |

* S. aureus
* Streptococcus
* E. coli
* Klebsiella
* Proteus

* Children: 30 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO (max dose: 2 g)
* Adults: 250-500 mg q 8-12 hr PO

* Rash
* Eosinophilia

Cefazolin |

* S. aureus
* Streptococcus
* E. coli
* Klebsiella
* Proteus

* Neonates (postnatal age ≤ 7 days): 40 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV or IM
* Neonates (postnatal age > 7 days): 40-60 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM
* Children: 50-100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM
* Adults: 0.5-2g q 8 hr IV or IM (max dose: 12 g/24 hr)

* Rash
* Eosinophilia

Cefdinir |

* Extended-spectrum cephalosporin

* Children: 14 mg/kg/24 hr in 1 or 2 doses PO (max dose: 600 mg/24 hr)
* Adults: 600 mg q 24 hr PO

* Diarrhea

Cefepime |

* Gram-positive bacteria
* Gram-negative bacteria including P. aeruginosa

* Children: 100-150 mg/kg/24 hr q 8-12 hr IV or IM
* Adults: 2-4 g/24 hr q 12 hr IV or IM

* Diarrhea
* Nausea
* Vaginal candidiasis
* Rash
* Eosinophilia

Cefixime |

* Streptococci
* H. influenzae
* M. catarrhalis
* Neisseria gonorrhoeae
* Serratia marcescens
* P. vulgaris

* Children: 8 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12-24 hr PO
* Adults: 400 mg/24 hr divided q 12-24 hr PO

* Rash
* Eosinophilia

Cefoperazone |

* Gram-positive pathogens
* Gram-negative pathogens

* Neonates: 100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV or IM
* Children: 100-150 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8-12 hr IV or IM
* Adults: 2-4 g/24 hr divided q 8-12 hr IV or IM (max dose: 12 g/24 hr)

* Hypoprothrombinemia
* Disulfiram-life reaction

Cefotaxime |

* Gram-positive pathogens
* Gram-negative pathogens

* Neonates (postnatal age ≤ 7 days): 100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV or IM
* Neonates (postnatal age > 7 days): 100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV or IM (< 1,200 g); 150 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM (> 1,200 g)
* Children: 150 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr IV or IM
* Adults: 1-2 g q 8-12 hr IV or IM (max dose: 12 g/24 hr)

* Rash
* Eosinophilia

Cefotetan |

* S. aureus
* Streptococcus
* H. influenzae
* E. coli
* Klebsiella
* Proteus
* Bacteroides

* Children: 40-80 mg/kg/24 hr divided IV or IM q 12 hr
* Adults: 2-4 g/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV or IM (max dose: 6 g/24 hr)

* Rash
* Eosinophilia
* Hypoprothrombinemia
* Disulfiram-life reaction

Cefoxitin |

* S. aureus
* Streptococcus
* H. influenzae
* E. coli
* Klebsiella
* Proteus
* Bacteroides

* Neonates: 70-100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8-12 hr IV or IM
* Children: 80-160 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr IV or IM
* Adults: 1-2 g q 6-8 hr IV or IM (max dose: 12 g/24 hr)

* Rash
* Eosinophilia

Cefpodoxime |

* S. aureus
* Streptococcus
* H. influenzae
* M. catarrhalis
* N. gonorrhoeae
* E. coli
* Klebsiella
* Proteus

* Children: 10 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO
* Adults: 200-800 mg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO (max dose: 800 mg/24 hr)

* Rash
* Eosinophilia

Cefprozil |

* S. aureus
* Streptococcus
* H. influenzae
* E. coli
* M. catarrhalis
* Klebsiella
* Proteus

* Children: 30 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8-12 hr PO
* Adults: 500-1,000 mg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO (max dose: 1.5 g/24 hr)

* Rash
* Eosinophilia

Ceftazidime |

* Gram-positive pathogens
* Gram-negative pathogens including P. aeruginosa

* Neonates (postnatal age ≤ 7 days): 100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV or IM
* Neonates (postnatal age > 7 days): 100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV or IM (< 1,200 g); 150 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM (> 1,200 g)
* Children: 150 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM
* Adults: 1-2 g q 8-12 hr IV or IM (max dose: 8-12 g/24 hr)

* Rash
* Eosinophilia

Ceftiaoxime |

* Gram-positive pathogens
* Gram-negative pathogens

* Children: 150 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr IV or IM
* Adults: 1-2 g q 6-8 hr IV or IM (max dose: 12 g/24 hr)

* Rash
* Eosinophilia

Ceftriaxone |

* Gram-positive pathogens
* Gram-negative pathogens

* Neonates: 50-75 mg/kg q 24 hr IV or IM
* Children: 50-75 mg/kg q 24 hr IV or IM
* Adults: 1-2 g q 24 hr IV or IM (max dose: 4 g/24 hr)

* Rash
* Eosinophilia

Cefuroxime |

* S. aureus
* Streptococcus
* H. influenzae
* E. coli
* M. catarrhalis
* Klebsiella
* Proteus

* Neonates: 40-100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV or IM
* Children: 200-240 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM; 20-30 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr PO
* Adults: 750-1,500 mg q 8 hr IV or IM (max dose: 6 g/24 hr)

* Rash
* Eosinophilia

Cephalexin |

* S. aureus
* Streptococcus
* E. coli
* Klebsiella
* Proteus

* Children: 25-100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr PO
* Adults: 250-500 mg q 6 hr PO (max dose: 4 g/24 hr)

* Rash
* Eosinophilia

Cephradine |

* S. aureus
* Streptococcus
* E. coli
* Klebsiella
* Proteus

* Children: 50-100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-12 hr PO
* Adults: 250-500 mg q 6-12 hr PO (max dose: 4 g/24 hr)

* Rash
* Eosinophilia

Chloramphenicol |

* Gram-positive pathogens
* Salmonella
* Enterococcus faecium
* Bacteroides
* Mycoplasma
* Chlamydia
* Rickettsia

* Neonates: loading dose of 20 mg/kg followed by
* Neonates (postnatal age ≤ 7 days): 25 mg/kg/24 hr q 24 hr IV
* Neonates (postnatal age > 7 days): 25 mg/kg/24 hr q 24 hr IV (< 2,000 g); 50 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV (> 2,000 g)
* Children: 50-75 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr IV or PO
* Adults: 50 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr IV or PO (max dose: 4 g/24 hr)

* Gray-baby syndrome
* Bone marrow suppression
* Aplastic anemia

Ciprofloxacin |

* P. aeruginosa
* Serratia
* Enterobacter
* Shigella
* Salmonella
* Campylobacter
* N. gonorrhoeae
* H. influenzae
* M. catarrhalis

* Neonates: 10 mg/kg q 12 hr PO or IV
* Children: 15-30 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO or IV
* Adults: 250-750 mg q 12 hr; 200-400 mg IV q 12 hr PO (max dose: 1.5 g/24 hr)

* Tendonitis
* Dizziness
* Confusion
* Crystalluria
* Photosensitivity

Clarithromycin |

* S. aureus
* Streptococcus
* H. influenzae
* Legionella
* Mycoplasma
* C. trachomatis

* Children: 15 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO
* Adults: 250-500 mg q 12 hr PO (max dose: 1 g/24 hr)

* Gastrointestinal distress
* Dyspepsia
* Nausea
* Cramping

Clindamycin |

* Gram-positive aerobic pathogens
* Anaerobic cocci except Enterococcus

* Neonates (postnatal age ≤ 7 days): 10 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV or IM (≤ 2,000 g); 15 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM (> 2,000 g)
* Neonates (postnatal age > 7 days): 10 mg/kg/24 hr IV or IM divided q 12 hr (≤ 1,200 g); 15 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM (1,200–2,000 g); 20 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM (> 2,000 g)
* Children: 10-40 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr IV, IM, or PO
* Adults: 150-600 mg q 6-8 hr IV, IM, or PO (max dose: 5 g/24 hr IV or IM or 2 g/24 hr PO)

* Diarrhea
* Nausea
* Pseudomembranous colitis
* Rash

Cloxacillin |

* S. aureus and other gram-positive cocci except Enterococcus and coagulase-negative staphylococci

* Children: 50-100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr PO
* Adults: 250-500 mg q 6 hr PO (max dose: 4 g/24 hr)

* Rash
* Eosinophilia

Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole |

* Shigella
* Legionella
* Nocardia
* Chlamydia
* Pneumocystis jirovecii

* Children: 6-20 mg TMP/kg/24 hr or IV divided q 12 hr PO
* Adults: 160 mg TMP q 12 hr PO

* Rash
* Erythema multiforme
* Stevens-Johnson syndrome
* Nausea
* Leukopenia

Demeclocycline |

* Gram-positive cocci except Enterococcus
* Gram-negative bacilli
* Anaerobes
* Borrelia burgdorferi
* Mycoplasma
* Chlamydia

* Children: 8-12 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-12 hr PO
* Adults: 150 mg PO q 6-8 hr

* Teeth staining
* Photosensitivity
* Diabetes insipidus
* Nausea
* Vomiting
* Diarrhea

Dicloxacillin |

* S. aureus and other gram-positive cocci except Enterococcus and coagulase-negative staphylococci

* Children: 12.5-100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr PO
* Adults: 125-500 mg q 6 hr PO

* Rash
* Eosinophilia

Doripenem |

* Gram-positive cocci
* Gram-negative bacilli including P. aeruginosa
* Anaerobes

* Adults: 500 mg q 8 hr IV

* Rash
* Eosinophilia

Doxycycline |

* Gram-positive cocci except Enterococcus
* Gram-negative bacilli
* Anaerobes
* B. burgdorferi
* Mycoplasma
* Chlamydia

* Children: 2-5 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12-24 hr PO or IV (max dose: 200 mg/24 hr)
* Adults: 100-200 mg/24 hr divided q 12-24 hr PO or IV

* Teeth staining
* Photosensitivity
* Nausea
* Vomiting
* Diarrhea

Erythromycin |

* Gram-positive organisms
* Corynebacterium diphtheriae
* Mycoplasma pneumoniae

* Neonates (postnatal age ≤ 7 days): 20 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO
* Neonates (postnatal age > 7 days): 20 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO (< 1,200 g); 30 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr PO (> 1,200 g)
* Children: Usual max dose 2 g/24 hr. Base: 30-50 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr PO. Estolate: 30-50 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8-12 hr PO. Stearate: 20-40 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr PO. Lactobionate: 20-40 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr IV. Gluceptate: 20-50 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr IV; usual max dose 4 g/24 hr IV
* Adults: Base: 333 mg PO q 8 hr; estolate/stearate/base: 250-500 mg q 6 hr PO

* Cramping
* Nausea
* Vomiting
* Diarrhea
* Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis

Gentamicin |

* E. coli
* Klebsiella
* Proteus
* Enterobacter
* Serratia
* Pseudomonas

* Neonates (postnatal age ≤ 7 days): 2.5 mg/kg q 12-18 hr IV or IM (< 2,000 g); 2.5 mg/kg q 12 hr IV or IM (> 2,000 g)
* Neonates (postnatal age > 7 days): 2.5 mg/kg q 8-12 hr IV or IM (< 2,000 g); 32.5 mg/kg q 8 hr IV or IM (> 2,000 g)
* Children: 2.5 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8-12 hr IV or IM; 5-7.5 mg/kg/24 hr IV once daily
* Adults: 3-6 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM

* Ototoxicity
* Nephrotoxicity

Imipenem-Cilastatin |

* Gram-positive cocci
* Gram-negative bacilli including P. aeruginosa
* Anaerobes

* Neonates (postnatal age ≤ 7 days): 20 mg/kg q 18-24 hr IV or IM (< 1,200 g); 40 mg/kg divided q 12 hr IV or IM (> 1,200 g)
* Neonates (postnatal age > 7 days): 40 mg/kg q 12 hr IV or IM (< 2,000 g); 60 mg/kg q 8 hr IV or IM (> 2,000 g)
* Children: 60-100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr IV or IM
* Adults: 2-4 g/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr IV or IM (max dose: 4 g/24 hr)

* Rash
* Eosinophilia
* Nausea
* Seizures

Linezolid |

* Staphylococcus
* Streptococcus
* E. faecium
* Enterococcus faecalis

* Children: 10 mg/kg q 12 hr IV or PO
* Adults: Pneumonia: 600 mg q 12 hr IV or PO

* Bone marrow suppression
* Pseudomembranous colitis
* Nausea
* Diarrhea
* Headache

Loracarbef |

* S. aureus
* Streptococcus
* H. influenzae
* M. catarrhalis
* E. coli
* Klebsiella
* Proteus

* Children: 30 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO (max dose: 2 g)
* Adults: 200-400 mg q 12 hr PO (max dose: 800 mg/24 hr)

* Rash
* Eosinophilia

Meropenem |

* Gram-positive cocci
* Gram-negative bacilli including P. aeruginosa
* Anaerobes

* Children: 60 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV
* Adults: 1.5-3 g q 8 hr IV

* Rash
* Eosinophilia

Metronidazole |

* Anaerobes

* Neonates (postnatal age ≤ 7 days): 7.5 mg/kg 48 hr PO or IV (< 1,200 g); 7.5 mg/kg/24 hr q 24 hr PO or IV (1,200–2,000 g); 15 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO or IV (> 2,000 g)
* Neonates (postnatal age > 7 days): 5 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO or IV (< 2,000 g); 30 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO or IV (> 2,000 g)
* Children: 30 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr PO or IV
* Adults: 30 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr PO or IV (max dose: 4 g/24 hr)

* Dizziness
* Seizures
* Metallic taste
* Nausea
* Hypoprothrombinemia
* Disulfiram-like reaction

Mezlocillin |

* E. coli
* Enterobacter
* Serratia
* Bacteroides

* Neonates (postnatal age ≤ 7 days): 150 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV
* Neonates (postnatal age > 7 days): 225 mg/kg divided q 8 hr IV
* Children: 200-300 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 4-6 hr IV
* Adults: 2-4 g/dose q 4-6 hr IV (max dose: 12 g/24 hr)

* Rash
* Eosinophilia
* Liver transaminases elevation

Mupirocin |

* Staphylococcus
* Streptococcus

* Topical application to the skin 2-4 times per day

* Itching

Nafcillin |

* S. aureus and other gram-positive cocci except Enterococcus and coagulase-negative staphylococci

* Neonates (postnatal age ≤ 7 days): 50 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV or IM (< 2,000 g); 75 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM (> 2,000 g)
* Neonates (postnatal age > 7 days): 75 mg/kg/q 8 hr IV (< 2,000 g); 100 mg/kg divided q 6-8 hr IV (> 2,000 g)
* Children: 100-200 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 4-6 hr IV
* Adults: 4-12 g/24 hr divided q 4-6 hr IV (max dose: 12 g/24 hr)

* Rash
* Eosinophilia
* Phlebitis
* Neutropenia

Nalidixic acid |

* E. coli
* Enterobacter
* Klebsiella
* Proteus

* Children: 50-55 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr PO; suppressive therapy 25-33 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr PO
* Adults: 1 g q 6 hr PO; suppressive therapy: 500 mg q 6 hr PO

* Vertigo
* Dizziness
* Rash

Neomycin |

* Gastrointestinal flora

* Infants: 50 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr PO
* Children: 50-100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr PO
* Adults: 500-2,000 mg/dose q 6-8 hr PO

* Cramping
* Diarrhea
* Rash
* Ototoxicity
* Nephrotoxicity

Nitrofurantoin |

* Gram-positive pathogens
* Gram-negative pathogens

* Children: 5-7 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr PO (max dose: 400 mg/24 hr); suppressive therapy 1-2.5 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12-24 hr PO (max dose: 100 mg/24 hr)
* Adults: 50-100 mg/24 hr divided q 6 hr PO

* Vertigo
* Dizziness
* Rash
* Jaundice
* Interstitial pneumonitis

Ofloxacin |

* Gram-positive pathogens
* Gram-negative pathogens
* Anaerobes
* Chlamydia trachomatis

* Child (< 12 yr): Conjunctivitis: 1-2 drops in affected eye(s) q 2-4 hr for 2 days, then 1-2 drops qid for 5 days. Corneal ulcers: 1-2 drops q 30 min while awake and at 4 hours at night for 2 days, then 1-2 drops hourly for 5 days while awake, then 1-2 drops q 6 hr for 2 days. Otitis externa: 5 drops into affected ear bid for 10 days
* Child (> 12 yr) and adults: Ophthalmic solution doses same as for younger children. Otitis externa: 10 drops bid for 10–14 days as for younger children

* Burning
* Stinging
* Eye redness
* Dizziness

Oxacillin |

* S. aureus and other gram-positive cocci except Enterococcus and coagulase-negative staphylococci

* Neonates (postnatal age ≤ 7 days): 50 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV (< 2,000 g); 75 mg/kg/24 hr IV divided q 8 hr IV (> 2,000 g)
* Neonates (postnatal age > 7 days): 50 mg/kg/24 hr IV divided q 12 hr IV (< 1,200 g); 75 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV (1,200–2,000 g); 100 mg/kg/24 hr IV divided q 6 hr IV (> 2,000 g)
* Infants: 100-200 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 4-6 hr IV
* Children: PO 50-100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 4-6 hr IV
* Adults: 2-12 g/24 hr divided q 4-6 hr IV (max dose: 12 g/24 hr)

* Rash
* Eosinophilia
* Neutropenia

Penicillin G |

* S. pneumoniae
* Group A Streptococcus
* N. gonorrhoeae
* N. meningitidis

* Neonates (postnatal age ≤ 7 days): 50,000 units/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV or IM (< 2,000 g); 75,000 units/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM (> 2,000 g)
* Neonates (postnatal age > 7 days): 50,000 units/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV (< 1,200 g); 75,000 units/kg/24 hr q 8 hr IV (1,200–2,000 g); 100,000 units/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr IV (> 2,000 g)
* Children: 100,000-250,000 units/kg/24 hr divided q 4-6 hr IV or IM (max dose: 400,000 units/kg/24 hr)
* Adults: 2-24 million units/24 hr divided q 4-6 hr IV or IM

* Rash
* Eosinophilia
* Allergy
* Seizures

Penicillin G, benzathine |

* Group A Streptococcus

* Neonates: 50,000 units/kg IM once
* Children: 300,000-1.2 million units/kg q 3-4 wk IM (max dose: 1.2-2.4 million units/dose)
* Adults: 1.2 million units IM q 3-4 wk

* Rash
* Eosinophilia
* Allergy

Penicillin G, procaine |

* Gram-positive pathogens

* Neonates: 50,000 units/kg/24 hr IM
* Children: 25,000-50,000 units/kg/24 hr IM for 10 days (max dose: 4.8 million units/dose)
* Adults: 0.6-4.8 million units q 12-24 hr IM

* Rash
* Eosinophilia
* Allergy

Penicillin V |

* S. pneumoniae
* N. gonorrhoeae
* N. meningitidis

* Children: 25-50 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 4-8 hr PO
* Adults: 125-500 mg q 6-8 hr PO (max dose: 3 g/24 hr)

* Rash
* Eosinophilia
* Allergy

Piperacillin |

* E. coli
* Enterobacter
* Serratia
* P. aeruginosa
* Bacteroides

* Neonates (postnatal age ≤ 7 days): 150 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8-12 hr IV
* Neonates (postnatal age > 7 days): 200 mg/kg divided q 6-8 hr IV
* Children: 200-300 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 4-6 hr IV
* Adults: 2-4 g/dose q 4-6 hr (max dose: 24 g/24 hr) IV

* Rash
* Eosinophilia
* Serum sickness-like reaction

Piperacillin-Tazobactam |

* S. aureus
* H. influenzae
* E. coli
* Enterobacter
* Serratia
* Acinetobacter
* P. aeruginosa
* Bacteroides

* Children: 300-400 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr IV or IM
* Adults: 3.375 g q 6-8 hr IV or IM

* Rash
* Eosinophilia

Quinupristin-Dalfopristin |

* E. faecium, vancomycin-resistant
* S. aureus, methicillin-resistant

* Children and adults: 7.5 mg/kg q 8 hr IV

* Pain
* Edema
* Phlebitis
* Nausea
* Diarrhea

Sulfadiazine |

* E. coli
* P. mirabilis
* Klebsiella

* Neonates: 100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO with pyrimethamine 1 mg/kg/24 hr PO with folinic acid
* Children: 120-200 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr PO with pyrimethamine 2 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO ≥3 days then 1 mg/kg/24 hr (max dose: 25 mg/24 hr) with folinic acid

* Rash
* Stevens-Johnson syndrome
* Nausea
* Leukopenia
* Crystalluria

Sulfamethoxazole |

* Bacteria associated with otitis media, chronic bronchitis, and lower urinary tract infections

* Children: 50-60 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO
* Adults: 1 g/dose q 12 hr PO (max dose: 3 g/24 hr)

* Rash
* Stevens-Johnson syndrome
* Nausea
* Leukopenia
* Crystalluria

Sulfisoxazole |

* Bacteria associated with otitis media, chronic bronchitis, and lower urinary tract infections

* Children: 120-150 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 4-6 hr PO (max dose: 6 g/24 hr)
* Adults: 4-8 g/24 hr divided q 4-6 hr PO

* Rash
* Stevens-Johnson syndrome
* Nausea
* Leukopenia
* Crystalluria

Ticarcillin |

* E. coli
* Enterobacter
* Serratia
* P. aeruginosa
* Bacteroides

* Neonates (postnatal age ≤ 7 days): 150 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8-12 hr IV
* Neonates (postnatal age > 7 days): 150 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8-12 hr IV (< 1,200 g); 150 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV (1,200–2,000 g); 300 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr IV (> 2,000 g)
* Children: 200-400 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 4-6 hr IV
* Adults: 2-4 g/dose q 4-6 hr IV (max dose: 24 g/24 hr)

* Rash
* Eosinophilia
* Liver transaminases elevation

Ticarcillin-Clavulanate |

* S. aureus
* H. influenzae
* Enterobacter
* E. coli
* Serratia
* P. aeruginosa
* Acinetobacter
* Bacteroides

* Children: 280-400 mg/kg/24 hr q 4-8 hr IV or IM
* Adults: 3.1 g q 4-8 hr IV or IM (max dose: 18-24 g/24 hr)

* Rash
* Eosinophilia
* Liver transaminases elevation

Tigecycline |

* Enterobacteriaceae including ESBL producers
* Streptococcus
* Staphylococcus
* Anaerobes

* Adults: 100 mg loading dose followed by 50 mg q 12 hr IV

* Photosensitivity
* Hypersensitivity
* Hepatic impairment

Tobramycin |

* E. coli
* Klebsiella
* Enterobacter
* Serratia
* Proteus
* Pseudomonas

* Neonates (postnatal age ≤ 7 days): 2.5 mg/kg q12-18 hr IV or IM (< 2,000 g); 2.5 mg/kg q 12 hr IV or IM (> 2,000 g)
* Neonates (postnatal age > 7 days): 2.5 mg/kg q 8-12 hr IV or IM (< 2,000 g); 2.5 mg/kg q 8 hr IV or IM (> 2,000 g)
* Children: 2.5 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8-12 hr IV or IM; 5-7.5 mg/kg/24 hr IV
* Adults: 3-6 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM

* Ototoxicity
* Nephrotoxicity

Trimethoprim |

* E. coli
* Klebsiella
* P. mirabilis
* Enterobacter
* P. jirovecii

* Children (< 12 yr): 4-6 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO
* Children (> 12 yr) and adults: 100-200 mg q 12 hr PO

* Megaloblastic anemia
* Bone marrow suppression
* Nausea
* Epigastric distress
* Rash

Vancomycin |

* Gram-positive pathogens including Staphylococcus, S. pneumoniae, and Enterococcus
* C. difficile

* Neonates (postnatal age > 7 days): 15 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 24 hr IV (< 1,200 g); 15 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12-18 hr IV (1,200–2,000 g); 30 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV (> 2,000 g)
* Neonates (postnatal age > 7 days): 15 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 24 hr IV (< 1,200 g); 15 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8-12 hr IV (1,200–2,000 g); 45 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV (> 2,000 g)
* Children: 45-60 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8-12 hr IV
* C. difficile–associated colitis: 40-50 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr PO; 40-50 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr PO

* Ototoxicity
* Nephrotoxicity