Spina bifida screening

Spina bifida Microchapters

Home

Patient Information

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Spina Bifida from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

Diagnostic Study of Choice

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

Electroencephalogram

X-ray

Echocardiography and Ultrasound

CT scan

MRI

Other Imaging Findings

Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy

Surgery

Primary Prevention

Secondary Prevention

Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy

Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

Spina bifida screening On the Web

Most recent articles

Most cited articles

Review articles

CME Programs

Powerpoint slides

Images

American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Spina bifida screening

All Images
X-rays
Echo & Ultrasound
CT Images
MRI

Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov

US National Guidelines Clearinghouse

NICE Guidance

FDA on Spina bifida screening

CDC on Spina bifida screening

Spina bifida screening in the news

Blogs on Spina bifida screening

Directions to Hospitals Treating Psoriasis

Risk calculators and risk factors for Spina bifida screening

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:  Mohamadmostafa Jahansouz M.D.[2]

## Overview

[edit | edit source]

First time in 1975, it was reported that AFP levels are often raised in maternal blood in association with neural tube defect of the fetus and it is an important advance in obstetric practice since it presents the possibility of a screening programme leading to early diagnosis and termination of these abnormal pregnancies. Screening for spina bifida by mother's blood's AFP [alpha‐fetoprotein] is recommended for all pregnant women with Triple Test. Triple test looks for three specific substances: AFP, hCG, and Estriol. Triple test is performed between the 15th and 20th week of pregnancy preferably in the 16th -18th week. All pregnant women should have triple test dureng pregnancy, but is is more important in pregnants with: Family history of birth defects, age of 35 years or older, Diabetes and use insulin, viral infection during pregnancy andexposure to high levels of radiation. In patients with high level of AFP, use of ultrasound and amniocentesis may be useful to diagnose open neural tube defects including spina bifida.

## Screening

[edit | edit source]

* First time in 1975, it was reported that AFP levels are often raised in maternal blood in association with neural tube defect of the fetus and it is an important advance in obstetric practice since it presents the possibility of a screening programme leading to early diagnosis and termination of these abnormal pregnancies.[1][2]

* Screening for spina bifida by mother's blood's AFP [alpha‐fetoprotein] is recommended for all pregnant women with Triple Test.[3][4]
* Triple test looks for three specific substances: AFP, hCG, and Estriol.[3][2]
* Triple test is performed between the 15th and 20th week of pregnancy preferably in the 16th -18th week.[3][2][4][5]

* All pregnant women should have triple test dureng pregnancy, but is is more important in pregnants with:[3][2]
* Family history of birth defects
* Age of 35 years or older
* Diabetes and use insulin
* Viral infection during pregnancy
* Exposure to high levels of radiation
* In patients with high level of AFP, use of ultrasound and amniocentesis may be useful to diagnose open neural tube defects including spina bifida.[2][4][5]

## References

[edit | edit source]

1. ↑ McFarlane JK (December 1972). "The nature of nursing and the place of research. 1". World Ir Nurs. 1 (12): 251 passim. PMID 4486472.
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Hu Z, Liu X, Li L, Jia C, Li D, Liu R (October 2014). "[Predictive value of abnormal second-trimester maternal serum triple screening markers for adverse pregnancy outcomes]". Zhonghua Fu Chan Ke Za Zhi (in Chinese). 49 (10): 749–53. PMID 25537246.CS1 maint: Unrecognized language (link)
3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Péron FG, McCarthy JL, Guerra F (April 1966). "Further studies on corticosteroidogenesis. IV. Inhibition of utilization of biological substrates for corticoid synthesis by high calcium concentrations. Possible role of transhydrogenase in corticosteroidogenesis". Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 117 (2): 450–69. PMID 4381295.
4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Wyshak G, Haase JV (November 1976). "Profile of dental hygienists". Dent Hyg (Chic). 50 (11): 497–501. PMID 1071059.
5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Shcherbukhin VV, Khramtsov AV, Zemskov VM, Filatov AV (April 1987). "[Poisson equalization of multicomponent cytofluorograms]". Tsitologiia (in Russian). 29 (4): 497–502. PMID 3111043.CS1 maint: Unrecognized language (link)

Template:WH Template:WS