Supernumerary nipple

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:  Kiran Singh, M.D. [2]

## Contents

* 1 Overview
* 2 Diagnosis
* 2.1 Physical Examination
* 2.1.1 Skin
* 2.1.1.1 Trunk
* 3 References
* 4 External links
* 5 See also

## Overview

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A supernumerary nipple (also known as a third nipple, triple nipple, thripple, accessory nipple, polythelia or polymastia) is an additional nipple occurring in mammals, including humans. Often mistaken for moles, supernumerary nipples are diagnosed at a rate of 1 in 18 humans[1].

## Diagnosis

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### Physical Examination

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The nipples appear along the two vertical "milk lines", which start in the armpit on each side, run down through the typical nipples and end at the groin. They are classified into eight levels of completeness from a simple patch of hair to a milk-bearing breast in miniature. [2][3]

#### Skin

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##### Trunk

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* Supernumerary nipples. Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.[4]

* Supernumerary nipples. Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.[4]

* Supernumerary nipples. Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.[4]

* Supernumerary nipples. Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.[4]

* Supernumerary nipples. Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.[4]

* Supernumerary nipples. Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.[4]

* Supernumerary nipples. Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.[4]

* Supernumerary nipples. Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.[4]

* Supernumerary nipples. Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.[4]

* Supernumerary nipples. Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.[4]

type | glandular tissue | nipple | areola | fat tissue | hair patch

|
|
|
|
|

1 | yes |  |  |  |
2 | yes | yes |  |  |
3 | yes |  | yes |  |
4 | yes |  |  |  |
5 ("pseudomamma") |  | yes | yes | yes |
6 ("polythelia") |  | yes |  |  |
7 ("polythelia areolaris") |  |  | yes |  |
8 ("polythelia pilosa ") |  |  |  |  | yes

Polythelia refers to the presence of an additional nipple alone while polymastia denotes the much rarer presence of additional mammary glands.

Although usually presenting on the milk line, pseudomamma can appear as far away as the foot.[5]

A possible relationship with mitral valve prolapse has been proposed.[6]

## References

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1. ↑ BBC article with reference to the rate of extra nipples appearing in humans --
2. ↑ Kajava Y. The proportions of supernumerary nipples in the Finnish population. Duodecim 1915;1:143-70.
3. ↑ "eMedicine - Breast Embryology : Article by Don R Revis, Jr, MD". Retrieved 2007-12-03.
4. ↑ 4.00 4.01 4.02 4.03 4.04 4.05 4.06 4.07 4.08 4.09 "Dermatology Atlas".
5. ↑ "Pseudomamma on the foot: An unusual presentation of supernumerary breast tissue". Retrieved 2007-12-03.
6. ↑ Rajaratnam K, Kumar PD, Sahasranam KV (2000). "Supernumerary nipple as a cutaneous marker of mitral valve prolapse in Asian Indians". Am. J. Cardiol. 86 (6): 695–7, A9. doi:10.1016/S0002-9149(00)01057-2. PMID 10980229.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)

## External links

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* Healthwise "Accessory nipples (polythelia) and breast tissue (polymastia)" at uhseast.com, accessed 26 December 2004
* BBC: Cancer hope over breast gene find at BBC
* My physical deformity at infactah.com
* The Superfluous Nipple news and information blog.

## See also

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* Accessory breast, a condition where an entire additional breast is present rather than simply an additional nipple

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