Table of clinically important viruses

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

These are tables of the clinically most important [1] viruses. A vast number of viruses cause infectious diseases, but these are the major ones.

## Contents

* 1 By family
* 2 By type
* 3 See also
* 4 References

## By family

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The clinically most notable [1] virus species belong to the following families:

Comparison table of clinically important virus families and species  Family  | Baltimore group | Important species [2] | envelopment[2] | Virion shape[2] | Replication site[2]

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Adenoviridae | dsDNA | adenovirus | non-enveloped  | icosahedral  | nucleus
Picornaviridae | +ssRNA | coxsackievirus, hepatitis a virus, poliovirus | non-enveloped  | icosahedral
Herpesviridae | dsDNA | epstein-barr virus, herpes simplex, type 1, herpes simplex, type 2, human cytomegalovirus, human herpesvirus, type 8, varicella-zoster virus | enveloped  |  | nucleus
Hepadnaviridae | dsDNA and ssDNA | hepatitis B virus | enveloped  | icosahedral  | nucleus
Flaviviridae | +ssRNA | hepatitis C viruses | enveloped  | icosahedral
Retroviridae | +ssRNA | human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)  | enveloped
Orthomyxoviridae | -ssRNA | influenza virus | enveloped  | spherical  | nucleus [3]
Paramyxoviridae | -ssRNA | measles virus, mumps virus, parainfluenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus | enveloped  | spherical
Papovaviridae | ssDNA | papillomavirus | non-enveloped  | icosahedral
Rhabdoviridae | -ssRNA | rabies virus | enveloped  | helical, bullet shaped
Togaviridae | +ssRNA | Rubella virus | enveloped  | icosahedral

## By type

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Type  | Family  | Transmission[2] | Diseases [2] | Treatment[2] | Prevention[2] | laboratory diagnosis[2]

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adenovirus | adenoviridae |

* droplet contact (mainly)
* fecal-oral
* direct contact (ocular infections)

* acute febrile pharyngitis
* pharyngoconjunctival fever
* epidemic keratoconjunctivitis
* infantile gastroenteritis

| None  |

None [4]

* virus neutralization
* hemagglutination assay
* ELISA

Coxsackievirus | Picornaviridae | fecal-oral, droplet contact  | Coxsackie infections | None  | None  | Cell culture, antibody detection
Epstein-Barr virus | Herpesviridae | Saliva  |

* infectious mononucleosis
* Burkitt lymphoma

| None  | None  |

* Antibody detection
* immunoflourescence
* ELISA
* Nucleic acid detection

Hepatitis A virus | Picornaviridae | fecal-oral  | acute hepatitis | Immunoglobulin (post-exposure prophylaxis)  |

* Vaccine
* immunoglobulin (post-exposure prophylaxis)
* avoid food-contamination

| antibody detection
Hepatitis B virus | Hepadnaviridae |

* All body fluids (blood, semen, saliva, mother's milk etc.)

* acute hepatitis
* chronic hepatitis
* hepatic cirrhosis
* hepatocellular carcinomas

* immunoglobulin
* Adefovir [5]
* Entecavir [5]
* Pegylated interferon alfa-2[5]
* Lamivudine[5]

| vaccine  |

* viral antigen detection
* antibody detection
* nucleic acid detection

Hepatitis C virus | Flaviviridae |

* blood
* (sexual)

* acute hepatitis
* chronic hepatitis
* hepatic cirrhosis
* hepatocellular carcinomas

* Pegylated interferon alfa-2
* Ribavirin [5]

| None  |

* antibody detection
* nucleic acid detection

Herpes simplex virus, type 1 | Herpesviridae | direct contact with saliva and lesions  |

* primary HSV-1 infection
* (gingivostomatitis in children, tonsillitis & pharyngitis in adults, keratoconjunctivitis)
* latent HSV-1 infection (herpes labialis, cold sores)

* acyclovir
* famciclovir
* foscarnet
* penciclovir

| None  |

* immunofluorescence
* immunoperoxidase
* nucleic acid detection

Herpes simplex virus, type 2 | Herpesviridae |

* sexually
* birth

* primary HSV-2 infection
* latent HSV-2 infection

* acyclovir
* famciclovir
* foscarnet
* penciclovir
* cidofovir

* contact-avoidance with lesions
* safe sex

* cell culture
* immunofluorescence
* immunoperoxidase
* nucleic acid detection

cytomegalovirus | Herpesviridae |

* tears
* urine
* semen
* saliva
* vaginal secretions
* mother's milk
* crosses placenta
* blood

* infectious mononucleosis
* Cytomegalic inclusion disease

* ganciclovir
* cidofovir
* foscarnet

| None  | antibody and nucleic acid detection
Human herpesvirus, type 8 | Herpesviridae |  | Kaposi sarcoma | many in evaluation-stage  | None  | Nucleic acid and antibody detection
HIV | Retroviridae |

* sexual
* blood
* mother's milk

| AIDS | HAART |

* zidovudine (perinatally)
* blood product screening
* safe sex

* nucleic acid,
* p24
* antibody detection

Influenza virus | Orthomyxoviridae | droplet contact  |

* influenza
* (Reye syndrome)

* amantadine
* rimantadine
* zanamivir
* oseltamivir

* Influenza vaccine
* amantadine
* rimantadine

* Hemagglutination assay
* antigen detection

measles virus | Paramyxoviridae | droplet contact  |

* measles
* postinfectious encephalomyelitis

| None  | MMR vaccine | antibody detection
Mumps virus | Paramyxoviridae | droplet contact  | Mumps | None  | MMR vaccine | antibody detection
Human papillomavirus | Papovaviridae | direct contact  |

* hyperplastic epithelial lesions (common, flat, plantar and anogenital warts, laryngeal papillomas, epidermodysplasia verruciformis)
* Malignancies for some species (cervical carcinoma, squamous cell carcinomas)

* liquid nitrogen
* laser vaporization
* cytotoxic chemicals
* interferon
* cidofovir

* HPV vaccine
* wart tissue avoidance
* safe sex

* Visual inspection
* Antigen detection
* Nucleic acid detection

Parainfluenza virus | Paramyxoviridae | droplet contact  |

* croup
* pneumonia
* bronchiolitis
* common cold

| None  | None  | Antibody detection
Poliovirus | Picornaviridae | fecal-oral  | Poliomyelitis | None  | Polio vaccine | Antibody detection
Rabies virus | Rhabdoviridae |

* Animal bite
* droplet contact

| Rabies | Post-exposure prophylaxis  | Pre- and postexposure prophylaxis  | Histology (postmortem)
Respiratory syncytial virus | Paramyxoviridae | droplet contact, hand-to-mouth  |

* bronchiolitis
* pneumonia
* influenza-like syndrome
* severe bronchiolitis with pneumonia

| (ribavirin)  |

* hand-washing
* avoidance

| antibody and antigen detection
Rubella virus | Togaviridae | droplet contact  |

* German measles
* congenital rubella

| None  | MMR vaccine | Antibody detection
Varicella-zoster virus | Herpesviridae | droplet contact  |

* Varicella
* herpes zoster

| Varicella:

* acyclovir
* famciclovir
* valacyclovir

Zoster:

* acyclovir
* famciclovir

* Varicella vaccine
* immunoglobulin

* Cell culture
* antigen and nucleic acid detection

## See also

[edit | edit source]

* List of latent human viral infections

## References

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1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Fisher, Bruce; Harvey, Richard P.; Champe, Pamela C. Lippincott's Illustrated Reviews: Microbiology (Lippincott's Illustrated Reviews Series). Hagerstwon, MD: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN 0-7817-8215-5.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)  Pages 354-366
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 Unless else specified in boxes, htne ref is: Fisher, Bruce; Harvey, Richard P.; Champe, Pamela C. Lippincott's Illustrated Reviews: Microbiology (Lippincott's Illustrated Reviews Series). Hagerstwon, MD: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN 0-7817-8215-5.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)  Pages 354-366
3. ↑ Fisher, Bruce; Harvey, Richard P.; Champe, Pamela C. Lippincott's Illustrated Reviews: Microbiology (Lippincott's Illustrated Reviews Series). Hagerstwon, MD: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN 0-7817-8215-5.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)  Page 315
4. ↑ Gray GC, Goswami PR, Malasig MD; et al. (2000). "Adult adenovirus infections:loss of orphaned vaccines precipitates military respiratory disease epidemics". Clin Infect Dis. 31 (3): 663&amp, ndash, 70. PMID 11017812.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 Fisher, Bruce; Harvey, Richard P.; Champe, Pamela C. Lippincott's Illustrated Reviews: Microbiology (Lippincott's Illustrated Reviews Series). Hagerstwon, MD: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN 0-7817-8215-5.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)  Page 47

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