Testicular torsion (patient information)

Testicular torsion

Overview

What are the symptoms?

What are the causes?

Who is at highest risk?

When to seek urgent medical care?

Diagnosis

Treatment options

Where to find medical care for Testicular torsion?

What to expect (Outlook/Prognosis)?

Possible complications

Prevention

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Editors-in-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. Associate Editor-In-Chief: Ujjwal Rastogi, MBBS [1]

## Contents

* 1 Overview
* 2 What are the symptoms of Testicular torsion?
* 3 What causes Testicular torsion?
* 4 Who is at highest risk?
* 5 When to seek urgent medical care?
* 6 Diagnosis
* 7 Treatment options
* 8 Where to find medical care for Testicular torsion?
* 9 What to expect (Outlook/Prognosis)?
* 10 Possible complications
* 11 Prevention
* 12 Sources

## Overview

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Testicular torsion is the twisting of the spermatic cord, which cuts off the blood supply to the testicle and surrounding structures within the scrotum.

## What are the symptoms of Testicular torsion?

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* Sudden onset of severe pain in one testicle, with or without a previous predisposing event
* Swelling within one side of the scrotum (scrotal swelling)
* Nausea or vomiting
* Light-headedness

Additional symptoms that may be associated with this disease:

* Testicle lump
* Blood in the semen

## What causes Testicular torsion?

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Some men may be predisposed to testicular torsion as a result of inadequate connective tissue within the scrotum. However, the condition can result from trauma to the scrotum, particularly if significant swelling occurs. It may also occur after strenuous exercise or may not have an obvious cause.

## Who is at highest risk?

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The condition is more common during infancy (first year of life) and at the beginning of adolescence (puberty).

## When to seek urgent medical care?

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Go to the emergency room or call the local emergency number (such as 911) if testicular torsion symptoms occur

## Diagnosis

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* Extremely tender and enlarged testicular region -- more common on the right
* The testicle on the affected side is higher

## Treatment options

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Surgery is usually required and should be performed as soon as possible after symptoms begin. If surgery is performed within 6 hours, most testicles can be saved.

During surgery, the testicle on the other (non-affected) side is usually also anchored as a preventive measure. This is because the non-affected testicle is at risk of testicular torsion in the future.

## Where to find medical care for Testicular torsion?

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Directions to Hospitals Treating Testicular torsion

## What to expect (Outlook/Prognosis)?

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If the condition is diagnosed quickly and immediately corrected, the testicle may continue to function properly. After 6 hours of torsion (impaired blood flow), the likelihood that the testicle will need to be removed increases. However, even with less than 6 hours of torsion, the testicle may lose its ability to function.

## Possible complications

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If the blood supply is cut off to the testicle for a prolonged period of time, it may atrophy (shrink) and need to be surgically removed. Atrophy of the testicle may occur days-to-months after the torsion has been corrected. Severe infection of the testicle and scrotum is also possible if the blood flow is restricted for a prolonged period.

## Prevention

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Use precautions to avoid trauma to the scrotum. Many cases are not preventable.

## Sources

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http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000517.htm