Thyroxine

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

## Overview

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Thyroxine, or 3:5,3':5' tetra­iodothyronine (often abbreviated as T4) is the major hormone secreted by the follicular cells of the thyroid gland.

T4 is transported in blood, with 99.95% of the secreted T4 being protein bound, principally to thyroxine ­binding globulin (TBG) and to a lesser extent to transthyretin and serum albumin.

T4 is involved in controlling the rate of metabolic processes in the body and influencing physical development.

Note: Thyroxine is a prohormone and a reservoir for the active thyroid hormone triiodothyronine (T3), T4 being converted as required in the tissues by deiodinases.

Type II deiodinase converts T4 into T3.

The "D" isomer is called "Dextrothyroxine"[1] and is used as a lipid modifying agent.[2]

The half life of thyroxine once released into the blood circulatory system is about 1 week

## Reactions

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Synthesis

## References

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1. ↑ Dextrothyroxine at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
2. ↑ C10AX01 (WHO)

* v
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* e

Hormones

Endocrine
glands|

| Hypothalamic-
pituitary|

| Hypothalamus|

* GnRH
* TRH
* Dopamine
* CRH
* GHRH
* Somatostatin (GHIH)
* MCH

|

Posterior pituitary|

* Oxytocin
* Vasopressin

Anterior pituitary|

* FSH
* LH
* TSH
* Prolactin
* POMC
* CLIP
* ACTH
* MSH
* Endorphins
* Lipotropin
* GH

Adrenal axis|

* Adrenal cortex
* Aldosterone
* Cortisol
* Cortisone
* DHEA
* DHEA-S
* Androstenedione
* Adrenal medulla
* Epinephrine
* Norepinephrine

Thyroid|

* Thyroid hormones
* T3
* T4
* Calcitonin
* Thyroid axis

Parathyroid|

* PTH

Gonadal axis|

| Testis|

* Testosterone
* AMH
* Inhibin

|

Ovary|

* Estradiol
* Progesterone
* Activin
* Inhibin
* Relaxin
* GnSAF

Placenta|

* hCG
* HPL
* Estrogen
* Progesterone

Pancreas|

* Glucagon
* Insulin
* Amylin
* Somatostatin
* Pancreatic polypeptide

Pineal gland|

* Melatonin
* N,N-Dimethyltryptamine
* 5-Methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine

Other|

| Thymus|

* Thymosins
* Thymosin α1
* Beta thymosins
* Thymopoietin
* Thymulin

|

Digestive system|

| Stomach|

* Gastrin
* Ghrelin

|

Duodenum|

* CCK
* Incretins
* GIP
* GLP-1
* Secretin
* Motilin
* VIP

Ileum|

* Enteroglucagon
* Peptide YY

Liver/other|

* Insulin-like growth factor
* IGF-1
* IGF-2

Adipose tissue|

* Leptin
* Adiponectin
* Resistin

Skeleton|

* Osteocalcin

Kidney|

* Renin
* EPO
* Calcitriol
* Prostaglandin

Heart|

* Natriuretic peptide
* ANP
* BNP

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