Tumour necrosis factor

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Template:WikiDoc Cardiology News Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Associate Editor-In-Chief: Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [2]

## Overview

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Tumor necrosis factors (or the TNF-family) refers to a group of cytokines family that can cause apoptosis.

## Mechanism

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TNF acts via the TNF Receptor (TNF-R) and is part of the extrinsic pathway for triggering apoptosis. TNF-R is associated with procaspases through adapter proteins (FADD, TRADD, etc.) that can cleave other inactive procaspases and trigger the caspase cascade, irreversibly committing the cell to apoptosis.

TNF interacts with tumor cells to trigger cytolysis or cell death.

TNF can interact with receptors on epithelial cells, which leads to increased vascular permeability allowing leukocytes access to the site of infection. This is a type of localized inflammatory response, although systemic release may lead to septic shock and death.

## Types

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* Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) is the most well-known member of this class, and sometimes referred to when the term "tumor necrosis factor" is used.

* Tumor necrosis factor-beta (TNF-β) is a cytokine that is induced by interleukin 10 [1]

## References

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1. ↑ Lippincott's Illustrated Reviews: Immunology. Paperback: 384 pages. Publisher: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; (July 1, 2007). Language: English. ISBN-10: 0781795435. ISBN-13: 978-0781795432. Page 68

## External links

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* Tumor+Necrosis+Factors at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)

* v
* t
* e

Cell signaling: cytokines

By family|

| Chemokine|

| CCL|

* CCL1
* CCL2/MCP1
* CCL3/MIP1α
* CCL4/MIP1β
* CCL5/RANTES
* CCL6
* CCL7
* CCL8
* CCL9
* CCL11
* CCL12
* CCL13
* CCL14
* CCL15
* CCL16
* CCL17
* CCL18/PARC/DCCK1/AMAC1/MIP4
* CCL19
* CCL20
* CCL21
* CCL22
* CCL23
* CCL24
* CCL25
* CCL26
* CCL27
* CCL28

|

CXCL|

* CXCL1/KC
* CXCL2
* CXCL3
* CXCL4
* CXCL5
* CXCL6
* CXCL7
* CXCL8/IL8
* CXCL9
* CXCL10
* CXCL11
* CXCL12
* CXCL13
* CXCL14
* CXCL15
* CXCL16
* CXCL17

CX3CL|

* CX3CL1

XCL|

* XCL1
* XCL2

TNF|

* TNFA
* Lymphotoxin
* TNFB/LTA
* TNFC/LTB
* TNFSF4
* TNFSF5/CD40LG
* TNFSF6
* TNFSF7
* TNFSF8
* TNFSF9
* TNFSF10
* TNFSF11
* TNFSF13
* TNFSF13B
* EDA

Interleukin|

| Type I
(grouped by
receptor
subunit)|

| γ chain|

* IL2/IL15
* IL4/IL13
* IL7
* IL9
* IL21

|

β chain|

* IL3
* IL5
* GMCSF

IL6 like/gp130|

* IL6
* IL11
* IL27
* IL30
* IL31
* +non IL OSM
* LIF
* CNTF
* CTF1

IL12 family/IL12RB1|

* IL12
* IL23
* IL27
* IL35

Other|

* IL14
* IL16
* IL32
* IL34

Type II|

| IL10 family|

* IL10/IL22
* IL19
* IL20
* IL24
* IL26
* Interferon type III
* IL28/IFNL2+3
* IL29/IFNL1

|

Interferon|

| I|

* IFNA1
* IFNA2
* IFNA4
* IFNA5
* IFNA6
* IFNA7
* IFNA8
* IFNA10
* IFNA13
* IFNA14
* IFNA16
* IFNA17
* IFNA21
* IFNB1
* IFNK
* IFNW1

|

II|

* IFNG

Ig superfamily|

* IL1 family: IL1A/IL1F1
* IL1B/IL1F2
* 1Ra/IL1F3
* IL1F5
* IL1F6
* IL1F7
* IL1F8
* IL1F9
* IL1F10
* 33/IL1F11
* 18/IL1G

IL17 family|

* IL17/IL25 (IL17A)

Other|

* Hematopoietic
* KITLG
* Colony-stimulating factor
* SPP1
* MIF

By function/
cell|

* proinflammatory cytokine
* IL1
* TNFA

* Monokine
* Lymphokine
* Th1
* IFNγ
* TNFβ
* Th2
* IL4
* IL5
* IL6
* IL10
* IL13

de:TNF/TNFR-Superfamilie

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