Typhoid fever laboratory findings

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:  Aysha Aslam, M.B.B.S[2]

## Overview

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Nonspecific laboratory abnormalities associated with typhoid fever include decreased hemoglobin, decreased or increased leukocyte count, elevated CRP, and abnormal liver function tests.[1][2][3][4][5]

## Laboratory findings

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Microbial culture is the gold standard test for the diagnosis of typhoid fever.[2][3] Shown below is a table summarizing nonspecific laboratory abnormalities associated with typhoid fever.[5][6][7]

Laboratory findings Test | Findings

|

Complete blood count | Decreased hemoglobin
Decreased hematocrit
Elevated CRP[5]
White blood cell count | Elevated (children) or decreased leukocyte count (adults)
Biochemistry | Hypoglycemia
Elevated creatinine
Elevated ALT, AST[8][7]
Possible hyponatremia
Acidosis: High lactate; Low bicarbonate (shock)
Coagulation | Thrombocytopenia[5]
Urinalysis | Proteinuria
hemoglobinuria (renal failure)

## References

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1. ↑ Mandell, Gerald (2010). Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's principles and practice of infectious diseases. Philadelphia, PA: Churchill Livingstone/Elsevier. ISBN 0443068399.
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Parry CM, Hien TT, Dougan G, White NJ, Farrar JJ (2002). "Typhoid fever". N Engl J Med. 347 (22): 1770–82. doi:10.1056/NEJMra020201. PMID 12456854.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Wain J, Diep TS, Ho VA, Walsh AM, Nguyen TT, Parry CM; et al. (1998). "Quantitation of bacteria in blood of typhoid fever patients and relationship between counts and clinical features, transmissibility, and antibiotic resistance". J Clin Microbiol. 36 (6): 1683–7. PMC 104900. PMID 9620400.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
4. ↑ Mandell, Gerald (2010). Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's principles and practice of infectious diseases. Philadelphia, PA: Churchill Livingstone/Elsevier. ISBN 0443068399.
5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 Cooper EC, Ratnam I, Mohebbi M, Leder K (2014). "Laboratory features of common causes of fever in returned travelers". J Travel Med. 21 (4): 235–9. doi:10.1111/jtm.12122. PMID 24754384.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
6. ↑ Mandell, Gerald (2010). Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's principles and practice of infectious diseases. Philadelphia, PA: Churchill Livingstone/Elsevier. ISBN 0443068399.
7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Wang JL, Kao JH, Tseng SP, Teng LJ, Ho SW, Hsueh PR (2005). "Typhoid fever and typhoid hepatitis in Taiwan". Epidemiol Infect. 133 (6): 1073–9. doi:10.1017/S0950268805004048. PMC 2870341. PMID 16274504.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
8. ↑ Klotz SA, Jorgensen JH, Buckwold FJ, Craven PC (1984). "Typhoid fever. An epidemic with remarkably few clinical signs and symptoms". Arch Intern Med. 144 (3): 533–7. PMID 6703825.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)

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