Vitamin D deficiency

Vitamin D deficiency Microchapters

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Overview

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Pathophysiology

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Differentiating Vitamin D deficiency from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

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Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

Diagnostic Study of Choice

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Case #1

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:  Sadaf Sharfaei M.D.[2]

Synonyms and keywords: Hypovitaminosis D; Low vitamin D

## Overview

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The definition and criteria for vitamin D deficiency are very difficult. Per a narrative review, "over 60 Mendelian randomization studies, designed to minimize bias from confounding, have evaluated the consequences of lifelong genetically lowered serum 25OHD concentrations on various outcomes and most studies have found null effects"[1].

## Historical Perspective

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## Classification

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## Pathophysiology

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## Causes

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## Differentiating Vitamin D deficiency from other Diseases

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## Epidemiology and Demographics

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## Risk Factors

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## Screening

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## Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

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## Diagnosis

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Diagnostic study of choice | History and Symptoms | Physical Examination | Electrocardiogram | Laboratory Findings | X-Ray Findings | Echocardiography and Ultrasound | CT-Scan Findings | MRI Findings | Other Diagnostic Studies | Other Imaging Findings

## Treatment

[edit | edit source]

Medical Therapy | Surgery | Primary Prevention | Secondary Prevention | Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy | Future or Investigational Therapies

## Case Studies

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Case #1

## References

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1. ↑ Bouillon R, Manousaki D, Rosen C, Trajanoska K, Rivadeneira F, Richards JB (2022). "The health effects of vitamin D supplementation: evidence from human studies". Nat Rev Endocrinol. 18 (2): 96–110. doi:10.1038/s41574-021-00593-z. PMC 8609267 Check `|pmc=` value (help). PMID 34815552 Check `|pmid=` value (help).CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)