Vitamin D deficiency physical examination

Vitamin D deficiency Microchapters

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:  Sadaf Sharfaei M.D.[2]

## Overview

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Patients with vitamin D deficiency usually appear normal. Physical examination of patients with severe prolonged vitamin D deficiency is usually remarkable for bowing of the legs in children and periosteal bone tenderness.

## Physical examination

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Patients with vitamin D deficiency usually appear normal. Physical examination of patients with severe prolonged vitamin D deficiency is usually remarkable for bowing of the legs in children and periosteal bone tenderness.[1][2][3]

### General Appearance

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* Patients are usually well-appearing
* Patients may be obese or underweight
* Patients may show fatigue

### Back

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* Lower back tenderness

### Extremities

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* Periosteal bone tenderness
* Bowing of the legs
* Positive Chvostek's sign
* Skeletal deformity

### Neuromuscular

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* Proximal muscle weakness
* Waddling gait

## References

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1. ↑ Holick MF (2006). "High prevalence of vitamin D inadequacy and implications for health". Mayo Clin. Proc. 81 (3): 353–73. doi:10.4065/81.3.353. PMID 16529140.
2. ↑ Holick MF, Chen TC (2008). "Vitamin D deficiency: a worldwide problem with health consequences". Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 87 (4): 1080S–6S. PMID 18400738.
3. ↑ Holick, M. F. (2006). "Resurrection of vitamin D deficiency and rickets". Journal of Clinical Investigation. 116 (8): 2062–2072. doi:10.1172/JCI29449. ISSN 0021-9738.

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