Voyeuristic disorder

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:  Jesus Rosario Hernandez, M.D. [2]

Synonyms and keywords: Voyeurism

## Overview

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Voyeurism is the sexual interest in or practice of spying on people engaged in intimate behaviors, such as undressing, sexual activity, or other actions usually considered to be of a private nature.

## Differential Diagnosis

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* Conduct disorder
* Antisocial personality disorder
* Antisocial behaviors
* Substance use disorder[1]

## Epidemiology and Demographics

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The prevalence of voyeuristic disorder is 12,000 per 100,000 (12%) among the male population and 4,000 per 100,000 (4%) among the female population.[1]

## Risk factors

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* Childhood sexual abuse
* Substance misuse
* Sexual preoccupation
* Hypersexuality[1]

## Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

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Poor prognostic factors include:

* Sexual interest in secretly unsuspected people
* Intense sexual frustration
* Loneliness
* Psychiatric morbidity
* Hypersexuality
* Sexual impulsivity[1]

## Diagnosis Criteria

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### DSM-V Diagnostic Criteria for Voyeuristic Disorder[1]

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* A. Over a period of at least 6 months, recurrent and intense sexual arousal from observing an unsuspecting person who is naked, in the process of disrobing, or engaging in sexual activity, as manifested by fantasies, urges, or behaviors.

AND

* B. The individual has acted on these sexual urges with a nonconsenting person, or the sexual urges or fantasies cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning.

AND

* C. The individual experiencing the arousal and/or acting on the urges is at least 18 years of age.

Specify if:

* In a controlled environment: This specifier is primarily applicable to individuals living in institutional or other settings where opportunities to engage in voyeuristic behavior are restricted.

* In full remission: The individual lias not acted on the urges with a nonconsenting per­ son, and there has been no distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other areas of functioning, for at least 5 years while in an uncontrolled environment.

## References

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1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders : DSM-5. Washington, D.C: American Psychiatric Association. 2013. ISBN 0890425558.