.gb

Reserved Internet country-code top level domain for the United Kingdom

For Gerber files, see .GB (file extension).

.gbIntroduced| 24 July 1985

|

TLD type| Country code top-level domain
Status| Unused (reserved)
Registry| JANET (Jisc)
Intended use| Entities connected with Great Britain (the United Kingdom)
Actual use| Fallen into disuse in favour of .uk
Registration restrictions| No registrations presently being taken
Structure| Government sites formerly found under hmg.gb

.gb is a reserved Internet country code top-level domain (ccTLD) for the United Kingdom, derived from Great Britain.

The domain was introduced with RFC 920[1] in October 1984 that set out the creation of ccTLD generally using country codes derived from the corresponding two-letter code in the ISO 3166-1 list. However, the .uk domain had been created separately a few months before the compilation of this list.[2] Consequently, .gb was never widely used. It is no longer possible to register under this domain.

.gb was used for a number of years, mainly by British government organisations and commercial e-mail services using X.400-based e-mail infrastructure. This simplified translating between DNS domains and X.400 addresses, which used "GB" as a country code.[3]

With the demise of X.400 e-mail and IANA's general aim of one TLD per country, use of .gb declined; the domain remains in existence, but it is not currently open to new domain registrations.

As of 2025, there are at least three subdomains resolving through DNS (although none serve a website): `hermes.dra.hmg.gb`, `delos.dra.hmg.gb`, and `dfhnet.dra.hmg.gb`.[4] They were originally owned by the Defence Research Agency,[5] which became the Defence Evaluation and Research Agency in 1995 and was split into QinetiQ and the Defence Science and Technology Laboratory in 2001; the websites became defunct some time thereafter.[6]

As of November 2022[update], Central Digital and Data Office's (see Cabinet Office) intention is to inform ICANN early in 2023 that the UK wishes to retire .gb.[7][needs update]

## References

[edit]

1. ^ J. Postel and J. Reynolds (October 1984), RFC 920: Domain Requirements, Network Working Group, archived from the original on 16 June 2025
2. ^ Milton Mueller (2002), Ruling the Root: Internet Governance and the Taming of Cyberspace, Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press, p. 79, ISBN 9780262632980, archived from the original on 8 April 2023
3. ^ Crepin-Leblond, Olivier M. J. (2003). "International E-mail Accessibility". Archived from the original on 21 May 2008. Retrieved 23 June 2008.
4. ^

* "DNS lookup for hermes.dra.hmg.gb". Archived from the original on 13 July 2025. Retrieved 13 July 2025 – via Google Apps Toolbox.
* "DNS lookup for delos.dra.hmg.gb". Archived from the original on 13 July 2025. Retrieved 13 July 2025 – via Google Apps Toolbox.
* "DNS lookup for dfhnet.dra.hmg.gb". Archived from the original on 13 July 2025. Retrieved 13 July 2025 – via Google Apps Toolbox.

5. ^ Gollman, Dieter, ed. (November 1994). "A Consideration of the Modes of Operation for Secure Systems". Computer Security – ESORICS 94. Brighton: Springer-Verlag. p. 335\. ISBN 978-3-540-58618-0.
6. ^ "DERA". DERA. Archived from the original on 17 May 2001. Retrieved 26 November 2006.
7. ^ Eden, Terence (15 November 2022). "Is it time to retire the .gb top level domain?". Central Digital and Data Office Blog. UK Government. Archived from the original on 29 June 2025. Retrieved 15 November 2022.

## External links

[edit]

* IANA .gb whois information
* JANET(UK) website Archived 21 February 2009 at the Wayback Machine
* Last accessible copy of www.dra.hmg.gb in the Internet Archive
* Official country code for Britain = GB or UK? Email discussion on GB domain (2002) with historical zonefiles.

* v
* t
* e

List of top-level domains for the UK

In use

| United Kingdom|

* .scot
* .wales
* .cymru
* .london
* .uk
* .gb

|

Overseas territories and Crown Dependencies|

* .ac
* .ai
* .bm
* .fk
* .gg
* .gi
* .gs
* .im
* .io
* .je
* .ky
* .ms
* .pn
* .sh
* .tc
* .vg

Proposed

| Locations|

* .eng
* .ker

|

* v
* t
* e

Country code top-level domains

ISO 3166-1

A .ac .ad .ae .af .ag .ai .al .am .ao .aq .ar .as .at .au .aw .ax .az
B .ba .bb .bd .be .bf .bg .bh .bi .bj .bm .bn .bo .br .bs .bt .bw .by .bz
C .ca .cc .cd .cf .cg .ch .ci .ck .cl .cm .cn .co .cr .cu .cv .cw .cx .cy .cz
D .de .dj .dk .dm .do .dz
E .ec .ee .eg .er .es .et .eu
F .fi .fj .fk .fm .fo .fr
G .ga .gd .ge .gf .gg .gh .gi .gl .gm .gn .gp .gq .gr .gs .gt .gu .gw .gy
H .hk .hm .hn .hr .ht .hu
I .id .ie .il .im .in .io .iq .ir .is .it
J .je .jm .jo .jp
K .ke .kg .kh .ki .km .kn .kp .kr .kw .ky .kz
L .la .lb .lc .li .lk .lr .ls .lt .lu .lv .ly
M .ma .mc .md .me .mg .mh .mk .ml .mm .mn .mo .mp .mq .mr .ms .mt .mu .mv .mw .mx .my .mz
N .na .nc .ne .nf .ng .ni .nl .no .np .nr .nu .nz
O .om
P .pa .pe .pf .pg .ph .pk .pl .pm .pn .pr .ps .pt .pw .py
Q .qa
R .re .ro .rs .ru .rw
S .sa .sb .sc .sd .se .sg .sh .si .sk .sl .sm .sn .so .sr .ss .st .su .sv .sx .sy .sz
T .tc .td .tf .tg .th .tj .tk .tl .tm .tn .to .tr .tt .tv .tw .tz
U .ua .ug .uk .us .uy .uz
V .va .vc .ve .vg .vi .vn .vu
W .wf .ws
Y .ye .yt
Z .za .zm .zw

Internationalized (IDN) ccTLD

| Cyrillic script| Arabic script| Brahmic scripts| Chinese characters| Other scripts

|
|
|
|

* .бг (bg, Bulgaria)
* .бел (bieł, Belarus)
* .ею (eyu, European Union)
* .қаз (qaz, Kazakhstan)
* .мон (mon, Mongolia)
* .мкд (mkd, North Macedonia)
* .рф (rf, Russia)
* .срб (srb, Serbia)
* .укр (ukr, Ukraine)

* الجزائر. (al-Jazā’ir, Algeria)
* مصر. (Miṣr, Egypt)
* بھارت. (Bhārat, India)
* ایران. (Irân, Iran)
* الاردن. (al-Urdun, Jordan)
* فلسطين. (Filasṭin, Palestine)
* پاکستان. (Pākistān, Pakistan)
* قطر. (Qaṭar)
* السعودية. (al-Saudiah, Saudi Arabia)
* سوريا. (Sūryā, Syria)
* تونس. (Tunis, Tunisia)
* امارات. (Emarat, UAE)
* عمان. (ʻUmān, Oman)
* مليسيا. (Maleesya, Malaysia)
* المغرب. (al-Maġrib, Morocco)
* سودان. (Sūdān, Sudan)
* اليمن. (al-Yaman, Yemen)

* .বাংলা (Bāṅla, Bangladesh)
* .ভাৰত (Bhārat, India)
* .ভারত (Bhārat, India)
* .भारत (Bhārat, India)
* .భారత్ (Bhārat, India)
* .ભારત (Bhārat, India)
* .ਭਾਰਤ (Bhārat, India)
* .ଭାରତ (Bhārata, India)
* .இந்தியா (Indiyā, India)
* .ລາວ (Lao, Laos)
* .சிங்கப்பூர் (Cinkappūr, Singapore)
* .ලංකා (Laṅkā, Sri Lanka)
* .இலங்கை (Ilaṅkai, Sri Lanka)
* .ไทย (Thai, Thailand)

* .中国 (China, in simplified Chinese)
* .中國 (China, in traditional Chinese)
* .香港 (Hong Kong)
* .澳門 (Macau, trad.)
* .澳门 (Macau, simp.)
* .新加坡 (Singapore)
* .台灣 (Taiwan, trad.)
* .台湾 (Taiwan, simp.)

* .հայ (hay, Armenia)
* .ευ (ey, European Union)
* .გე (ge, Georgia)
* .ελ (el, Greece)
* .한국 (Han-guk, South Korea)
* ישראל. (Yisrael, Israel)

* * *

Proposed IDN ccTLDs

* .κπ (kp, Cyprus)
* .日本 (Nippon, Japan)

Others

| Reserved / unassigned| Allocated / unused| Phased out / deleted

|
|

.bl .bq .eh .mf .xk

.bv .gb .sj

.an .bu .cs .dd .nato .tp .um .yu .zr

See also: Generic top-level domains
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