11th United States Congress

1809-1811 meeting of U.S. legislature

11th United States Congress

10th ←

→ 12th

United States Capitol (1800)

* * *

March 4, 1809 – March 4, 1811

* * *

Members| 34 senators
142 representatives
3 non-voting delegates
Senate majority| Democratic-Republican
Senate President| George Clinton (DR)
House majority| Democratic-Republican
House Speaker| Joseph Bradley Varnum (DR)
Sessions
Special[a]: March 4, 1809 – March 7, 1809
1st: May 22, 1809 – June 28, 1809
2nd: November 27, 1809 – May 1, 1810
3rd: December 3, 1810 – March 3, 1811

The 11th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C., from March 4, 1809, to March 4, 1811, during the first two years of James Madison's presidency. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the 1800 United States census. Both chambers had a Democratic-Republican majority.

## Major events

[edit]

Main articles: 1809 in the United States, 1810 in the United States, and 1811 in the United States

* March 4, 1809: James Madison became President of the United States
* October 27, 1810: Annexation of West Florida from Spain

## Major legislation

[edit]

Main article: List of United States federal legislation § 11th United States Congress

* May 1, 1810: Macon's Bill Number 2, ch. 39, 2 Stat. 605

## Constitutional amendments

[edit]

See also: List of proposed amendments to the United States Constitution

* May 1, 1810: Approved an amendment to the United States Constitution that would strip United States citizenship from any citizen who accepted a title of nobility from a foreign country, and submitted it to the state legislatures for ratification 2 Stat. 613
* This amendment, commonly known as the Titles of Nobility Amendment, has not been ratified and is still pending before the states.

## Party summary

[edit]

The count below identifies party affiliations at the beginning of the first session of this congress. Changes resulting from subsequent replacements are shown below in the "Changes in membership" section.

### Senate

[edit]

| Party
(shading shows control) | Total  | Vacant

|
|
|

Democratic-
Republican
(DR)  | Federalist
(F)
End of previous congress |  28 |  6 | 34  | 0
Begin |  26 |  7 |  33  |  1
End|  8|  34| 0
Final voting share|  76.5% |  23.5% |
Beginning of next congress |  28 |  6 | 34  | 0

### House of Representatives

[edit]

| Party
(shading shows control) | Total  | Vacant

|
|
|

Democratic-
Republican
(DR)  | Federalist
(F)
End of previous congress |  115 |  27 | 142  | 0
Begin |  93 |  49 |  142  |  0
End|  48|  141| 1
Final voting share|  66.0% |  34.0% |
Beginning of next congress |  106 |  36 | 142  | 0

## Leadership

[edit]

President of the Senate George Clinton (as painted in 1814)

### Senate

[edit]

* President: George Clinton (DR)
* President pro tempore: John Milledge (DR)
* Andrew Gregg (DR), from June 26, 1809
* John Gaillard (DR), from February 28, 1810
* John Pope (DR), from February 23, 1811

### House of Representatives

[edit]

* Speaker: Joseph B. Varnum (DR)

## Members

[edit]

This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed by class, and representatives are listed by district.

Skip to House of Representatives, below

### Senate

[edit]

Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term began with this Congress, requiring re-election in 1814; Class 2 meant their term ended with this Congress, requiring re-election in 1810; and Class 3 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring re-election in 1812.

#### Connecticut

[edit]

▌1\. James Hillhouse (F), until June 10, 1810

▌Samuel W. Dana (F), from December 4, 1810
▌3\. Chauncey Goodrich (F)

#### Delaware

[edit]

▌1\. Samuel White (F), until November 4, 1809

▌Outerbridge Horsey (F), from January 12, 1810
▌2\. James A. Bayard (F)

#### Georgia

[edit]

▌2\. William H. Crawford (DR)
▌3\. John Milledge (DR), until November 14, 1809

▌Charles Tait (DR), from November 27, 1809

#### Kentucky

[edit]

▌2\. Buckner Thruston (DR), until December 18, 1809

▌Henry Clay (DR), from November 4, 1810
▌3\. John Pope (DR)

#### Maryland

[edit]

▌1\. Samuel Smith (DR)
▌3\. Philip Reed (DR)

#### Massachusetts

[edit]

▌1\. James Lloyd (F)
▌2\. Timothy Pickering (F)

#### New Hampshire

[edit]

▌2\. Nicholas Gilman (DR)
▌3\. Nahum Parker (DR), until June 1, 1810

▌Charles Cutts (F), from June 21, 1810

#### New Jersey

[edit]

▌1\. John Lambert (DR)
▌2\. Aaron Kitchell (DR), until March 12, 1809

▌John Condit (DR), from March 21, 1809

#### New York

[edit]

▌1\. Obadiah German (DR)
▌3\. John Smith (DR)

#### North Carolina

[edit]

▌2\. James Turner (DR)
▌3\. Jesse Franklin (DR)

#### Ohio

[edit]

▌1\. Return J. Meigs Jr. (DR), until December 10, 1810, or before

▌Thomas Worthington (DR), from December 15, 1810
▌3\. Stanley Griswold (DR), May 18, 1809 – December 11, 1809

▌Alexander Campbell (DR), from December 11, 1809

#### Pennsylvania

[edit]

▌1\. Michael Leib (DR)
▌3\. Andrew Gregg (DR)

#### Rhode Island

[edit]

▌1\. Francis Malbone (F), until June 4, 1809

▌Christopher G. Champlin (F), from June 26, 1809
▌2\. Elisha Mathewson (DR)

#### South Carolina

[edit]

▌2\. Thomas Sumter (DR), until December 16, 1810

▌John Taylor (DR), from December 31, 1810
▌3\. John Gaillard (DR)

#### Tennessee

[edit]

▌1\. Joseph Anderson (DR)
▌2\. Daniel Smith (DR), until March 31, 1809

▌Jenkin Whiteside (DR), from April 11, 1809

#### Vermont

[edit]

▌1\. Jonathan Robinson (DR)
▌3\. Stephen R. Bradley (DR)

#### Virginia

[edit]

▌1\. Richard Brent (DR)
▌2\. William B. Giles (DR)
|  Senators' party membership by state at the opening of the 11th Congress in March 1809.

2 Democratic-Republicans

1 Democratic-Republican and 1 Federalist

2 Federalists

|
|

### House of Representatives

[edit]

The names of members of the House of Representatives are preceded by their districts.

#### Connecticut

[edit]

All representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket.

▌At-large. Epaphroditus Champion (F)
▌At-large. Samuel W. Dana (F), until May 10, 1810

▌Ebenezer Huntington (F), from October 11, 1810
▌At-large. John Davenport (F)
▌At-large. Jonathan O. Moseley (F)
▌At-large. Timothy Pitkin (F)
▌At-large. Lewis B. Sturges (F)
▌At-large. Benjamin Tallmadge (F)

#### Delaware

[edit]

▌At-large. Nicholas Van Dyke (F)

#### Georgia

[edit]

▌At-large. William W. Bibb (DR)
▌At-large. Howell Cobb (DR)
▌At-large. Dennis Smelt (DR)
▌At-large. George M. Troup (DR)

#### Kentucky

[edit]

▌1. Matthew Lyon (DR)
▌2. Samuel McKee (DR)
▌3. Henry Crist (DR)
▌4. Richard M. Johnson (DR)
▌5. Benjamin Howard (DR), until April 10, 1810

▌William T. Barry (DR), from August 8, 1810
▌6. Joseph Desha (DR)

#### Maryland

[edit]

The 5th district was a plural district with two representatives.

▌1. John Campbell (F)
▌2. Archibald Van Horne (DR)
▌3. Philip B. Key (F)
▌4. Roger Nelson (DR), until May 14, 1810

▌Samuel Ringgold (DR), from October 15, 1810
▌5. Alexander McKim (DR)
▌5. Nicholas R. Moore (DR)
▌6. John Montgomery (DR)
▌7. John Brown (DR), until sometime in 1810 ([data missing])

▌Robert Wright (DR), from November 29, 1810
▌8. Charles Goldsborough (F)

#### Massachusetts

[edit]

▌1. Josiah Quincy (F)
▌2. Benjamin Pickman Jr. (F)
▌3. Edward St. Loe Livermore (F)
▌4. Joseph Bradley Varnum (DR)
▌5. William Ely (F)
▌6. Samuel Taggart (F)
▌7. William Baylies (F), until June 28, 1809

▌Charles Turner Jr. (DR), from June 28, 1809
▌8. Gideon Gardner (DR)
▌9. Laban Wheaton (F)
▌10. Jabez Upham (F), until sometime in 1810 ([data missing])

▌Joseph Allen (F), from October 8, 1810
▌11. William Stedman (F), until July 16, 1810

▌Abijah Bigelow (F), from October 8, 1810
▌12. Ezekiel Bacon (DR)
▌13. Ebenezer Seaver (DR)
▌14. Richard Cutts (DR)
▌15. Ezekiel Whitman (F)
▌16. Orchard Cook (DR)
▌17. Barzillai Gannett (DR)

#### New Hampshire

[edit]

▌At-large. Daniel Blaisdell (F)
▌At-large. John C. Chamberlain (F)
▌At-large. William Hale (F)
▌At-large. Nathaniel A. Haven (F)
▌At-large. James Wilson (F)

#### New Jersey

[edit]

▌At-large. Adam Boyd (DR)
▌At-large. James Cox (DR), until September 12, 1810

▌John A. Scudder (DR), from October 31, 1810
▌At-large. William Helms (DR)
▌At-large. Jacob Hufty (DR)
▌At-large. Thomas Newbold (DR)
▌At-large. Henry Southard (DR)

#### New York

[edit]

There were two plural districts, the 2nd & 6th, each had two representatives.

▌1. Ebenezer Sage (DR)
▌2. William Denning (DR), until sometime before late April 1810[1]

▌Samuel L. Mitchill (DR), from December 4, 1810
▌2. Gurdon S. Mumford (DR)
▌3. Jonathan Fisk (DR)
▌4. James Emott (F)
▌5. Barent Gardenier (F)
▌6. Herman Knickerbocker (F)
▌6. Robert Le Roy Livingston (F)
▌7. Killian K. Van Rensselaer (F)
▌8. John Thompson (DR)
▌9. Thomas Sammons (F)
▌10. John Nicholson (DR)
▌11. Thomas R. Gold (F)
▌12. Erastus Root (DR)
▌13. Uri Tracy (DR)
▌14. Vincent Mathews (F)
▌15. Peter B. Porter (DR)

#### North Carolina

[edit]

▌1. Lemuel Sawyer (DR)
▌2. Willis Alston (DR)
▌3. William Kennedy (DR)
▌4. John Stanly (F)
▌5. Thomas Kenan (DR)
▌6. Nathaniel Macon (DR)
▌7. Archibald McBryde (F)
▌8. Richard Stanford (DR)
▌9. James Cochran (DR)
▌10. Joseph Pearson (F)
▌11. James Holland (DR)
▌12. Meshack Franklin (DR)

#### Ohio

[edit]

▌At-large. Jeremiah Morrow (DR)

#### Pennsylvania

[edit]

There were four plural districts, the 1st, 2nd, & 3rd had three representatives each, the 4th had two representatives.

▌1. William Anderson (DR)
▌1. John Porter (DR)
▌1. Benjamin Say (DR), until sometime in June 1809 ([data missing])

▌Adam Seybert (DR), from October 10, 1809
▌2. Robert Brown (DR)
▌2. William Milnor (F)
▌2. John Ross (DR)
▌3. Daniel Hiester (DR)
▌3. Robert Jenkins (F)
▌3. Matthias Richards (DR)
▌4. David Bard (DR)
▌4. Robert Whitehill (DR)
▌5. George Smith (DR)
▌6. William Crawford (DR)
▌7. John Rea (DR)
▌8. William Findley (DR)
▌9. John Smilie (DR)
▌10. Aaron Lyle (DR)
▌11. Samuel Smith (DR)

#### Rhode Island

[edit]

Both representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket.

▌At-large. Richard Jackson Jr. (F)
▌At-large. Elisha R. Potter (F)

#### South Carolina

[edit]

▌1. Robert Marion (DR), until December 4, 1810

▌Langdon Cheves (DR), from December 31, 1810
▌2. William Butler Sr. (DR)
▌3. Robert Witherspoon (DR)
▌4. John Taylor (DR), until December 30, 1810, vacant thereafter
▌5. Richard Winn (DR)
▌6. Joseph Calhoun (DR)
▌7. Thomas Moore (DR)
▌8. Lemuel J. Alston (DR)

#### Tennessee

[edit]

▌1. John Rhea (DR)
▌2. Robert Weakley (DR)
▌3. Pleasant M. Miller (DR)

#### Vermont

[edit]

▌1. Samuel Shaw (DR)
▌2. Jonathan H. Hubbard (F)
▌3. William Chamberlain (F)
▌4. Martin Chittenden (F)

#### Virginia

[edit]

▌1. John G. Jackson (DR), until September 28, 1810

▌William McKinley (DR), from December 21, 1810
▌2. James Stephenson (F)
▌3. John Smith (DR)
▌4. Jacob Swoope (F)
▌5. James Breckinridge (F)
▌6. Daniel Sheffey (F)
▌7. Joseph Lewis Jr. (F)
▌8. Walter Jones (DR)
▌9. John Love (DR)
▌10. John Dawson (DR)
▌11. John Roane (DR)
▌12. Burwell Bassett (DR)
▌13. William A. Burwell (DR)
▌14. Matthew Clay (DR)
▌15. John Randolph (DR)
▌16. John W. Eppes (DR)
▌17. Thomas Gholson Jr. (DR)
▌18. Peterson Goodwyn (DR)
▌19. Edwin Gray (DR)
▌20. Thomas Newton Jr. (DR)
▌21. Wilson C. Nicholas (DR), until November 27, 1809

▌David S. Garland (DR), from January 17, 1810
▌22. John Clopton (DR)

#### Non-voting members

[edit]

Indiana Territory. Jonathan Jennings, from November 27, 1809
Mississippi Territory. George Poindexter
Orleans Territory. Julien De L. Poydras
|  Speaker of the House
Joseph Bradley Varnum

|
|

## Changes in membership

[edit]

The count below reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress.

### Senate

[edit]

There were 8 resignations, 2 deaths, 1 interim appointment, and 1 vacancy from before this Congress.

See also: List of special elections to the United States Senate

Senate changes  State
(class)  | Vacated by  | Reason for change  | Successor  | Date of successor's
formal installation[b]

|
|
|
|

Ohio
(3)  | Vacant  | Edward Tiffin (DR) resigned at the end of the previous Congress.
Successor was appointed to continue the term.  | Stanley Griswold (DR)  | Seated May 18, 1809
New Jersey
(2)  | Aaron Kitchell (DR)  | Resigned March 12, 1809.
Successor was appointed to continue the term and subsequently elected to finish the term.  | John Condit (DR)  | Seated March 21, 1809
Tennessee
(2)  | Daniel Smith (DR)  | Resigned March 31, 1809.
Successor was elected April 11, 1809, to finish the term.  | Jenkin Whiteside (DR)  | Seated April 11, 1809
Rhode Island
(1)  | Francis Malbone (F)  | Died June 4, 1809.
Successor was elected to finish the term.  | Christopher G. Champlin (F)  | Seated June 26, 1809
Delaware
(1)  | Samuel White (F)  | Died November 4, 1809.
Successor was appointed to continue the term and subsequently elected to finish the term.  | Outerbridge Horsey (F)  | Seated January 12, 1810
Georgia
(3)  | John Milledge (DR)  | Resigned November 14, 1809.
Successor was elected to finish the term.  | Charles Tait (DR)  | Seated November 27, 1809
Ohio
(3)  | Stanley Griswold (DR)  | Appointee was not elected to finish the term.
Successor elected December 11, 1809.  | Alexander Campbell (DR)  | Seated December 11, 1809
Kentucky
(2)  | Buckner Thruston (DR)  | Appointed judge of the US District Court of the District of Columbia December 18, 1809  | Henry Clay (DR)  | Seated November 4, 1810
New Hampshire
(3)  | Nahum Parker (DR)  | Resigned June 1, 1810  | Charles Cutts (F)  | Seated June 21, 1810
Connecticut
(1)  | James Hillhouse (F)  | Resigned June 10, 1810  | Samuel W. Dana (F)  | Seated December 4, 1810
Ohio
(1)  | Return J. Meigs Jr. (DR)  | Resigned on or before December 10, 1810, to become Governor of Ohio | Thomas Worthington (DR)  | Seated December 15, 1810
South Carolina
(2)  | Thomas Sumter (DR)  | Resigned December 16, 1810  | John Taylor (DR)  | Seated December 31, 1810

### House of Representatives

[edit]

Of the voting members, there were 12 resignations, 1 death, and 1 change due to a contested election.

Main article: List of special elections to the United States House of Representatives

House changes  District  | Vacated by  | Reason for change  | Successor  | Date of successor's
formal installation[b]

|
|
|
|

Indiana Territory | Vacant  | failure to elect  | Jonathan Jennings | Seated November 27, 1809
Pennsylvania
1st | Benjamin Say (DR)  | Resigned June, 1809  | Adam Seybert (DR)  | Seated October 10, 1809
Massachusetts
7th | William Baylies (F)  | Lost contested election June 28, 1809  | Charles Turner Jr. (DR)  | June 28, 1809
Virginia
21st | Wilson C. Nicholas (DR)  | Resigned November 27, 1809  | David S. Garland (DR)  | Seated January 17, 1810
Maryland
7th | John Brown (DR)  | Resigned sometime in 1810  | Robert Wright (DR)  | Seated November 29, 1810
Massachusetts
10th | Jabez Upham (F)  | Resigned sometime in 1810  | Joseph Allen (F)  | October 8, 1810
New York
2nd | William Denning (DR)  | Resigned sometime in 1810  | Samuel L. Mitchill (DR)  | December 4, 1810
Kentucky
5th | Benjamin Howard (DR)  | Resigned April 10, 1810, after becoming Governor of Louisiana Territory | William T. Barry (DR)  | Seated August 8, 1810
Connecticut
at-large | Samuel W. Dana (F)  | Resigned May 10, 1810, after being elected to US Senate | Ebenezer Huntington (F)  | October 11, 1810
Maryland
4th | Roger Nelson (DR)  | Resigned May 14, 1810  | Samuel Ringgold (DR)  | Seated October 15, 1810
Massachusetts
11th | William Stedman (F)  | Resigned July 16, 1810  | Abijah Bigelow (F)  | October 8, 1810
New Jersey
at-large | James Cox (DR)  | Died September 12, 1810  | John A. Scudder (DR)  | Seated October 31, 1810
Virginia
1st | John G. Jackson (DR)  | Resigned September 28, 1810  | William McKinley (DR)  | Seated December 21, 1810
South Carolina
1st | Robert Marion (DR)  | Resigned December 4, 1810  | Langdon Cheves (DR)  | Seated December 31, 1810
South Carolina
4th | John Taylor (DR)  | Resigned December 30, 1810, after becoming US Senator  | Vacant  | Not filled for remainder of term

## Committees

[edit]

Lists of committees and their party leaders.

### Senate

[edit]

* Audit and Control the Contingent Expenses of the Senate (Chairman: N/A)
* Engrossed Bills (Chairman: Nicholas Gilman)
* National University (Chairman: N/A)
* Whole

### House of Representatives

[edit]

* Accounts (Chairman: Nicholas R. Moore then William Milnor then Nicholas R. Moore)
* Arms Exports (Select)
* Claims (Chairman: Richard M. Johnson then Erastus Root)
* Commerce and Manufactures (Chairman: Thomas Newton Jr.)
* District of Columbia (Chairman: John Love then Archibald Van Horne)
* Elections (Chairman: William Findley)
* Post Office and Post Roads (Chairman: John Rhea)
* Public Lands (Chairman: Jeremiah Morrow)
* Revisal and Unfinished Business (Chairman: Henry Southard)
* Rules (Select)
* Standards of Official Conduct
* Ways and Means (Chairman: John W. Eppes)
* Whole

### Joint committees

[edit]

* Enrolled Bills (Chairman: James Turner)
* The Library (Chairman: N/A)

## Employees

[edit]

### Legislative branch agency directors

[edit]

* Architect of the Capitol: Benjamin Latrobe
* Librarian of Congress: Patrick Magruder

### Senate

[edit]

* Chaplain: James J. Wilmer (Episcopalian), until December 5, 1809
* Obadiah B. Brown (Baptist), from December 5, 1809
* Walter D. Addison (Episcopalian), from December 12, 1810
* Secretary: Samuel A. Otis
* Sergeant at Arms: James Mathers

### House of Representatives

[edit]

* Chaplain: Robert Elliott, Baptist, until May 27, 1809
* Jesse Lee, Methodist, from May 27, 1809
* Clerk: Patrick Magruder
* Doorkeeper: Thomas Claxton
* Reading Clerks: [data missing]
* Sergeant at Arms: Thomas Dunn

## See also

[edit]

* 1808 United States elections (elections leading to this Congress)
* 1808 United States presidential election
* 1808–09 United States Senate elections
* 1808–09 United States House of Representatives elections
* 1810 United States elections (elections during this Congress, leading to the next Congress)
* 1810–11 United States Senate elections
* 1810–11 United States House of Representatives elections

## Notes

[edit]

1. ^ Special session of the Senate.
2. ^ a b When seated or oath administered, not necessarily when service began.

## References

[edit]

1. ^ Denning never took his seat, and eventually resigned. Apparently he did not send a letter of resignation to the House, but communicated his resignation either to the Governor of New York or the Secretary of State of New York. Almost all old State records were destroyed by a fire which broke out at the New York State Capitol during the 1911 United States Senate election in New York, so that the exact date is possibly no longer to ascertain. Certain is that he resigned in time to have the vacancy filled at the annual State election in late April 1810 when the regular congressional elections were held.

* Martis, Kenneth C. (1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
* Martis, Kenneth C. (1982). The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.

## External links

[edit]

* Statutes at Large, 1789-1875
* Senate Journal, First Forty-three Sessions of Congress
* House Journal, First Forty-three Sessions of Congress
* Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress
* U.S. House of Representatives: House History
* U.S. Senate: Statistics and Lists

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