1225

Calendar year

Years

Millennium
2nd millennium
Centuries

* 12th century
* 13th century
* 14th century

Decades

* 1200s
* 1210s
* 1220s
* 1230s
* 1240s

Years

* 1222
* 1223
* 1224
* 1225
* 1226
* 1227
* 1228

* v
* t
* e

1225 by topic

Leaders

* Political entities
* State leaders
* Religious leaders

Birth and death categories
Births – Deaths
Establishments and disestablishments categories
Establishments – Disestablishments
Art and literature
1225 in poetry

* v
* t
* e

1225 in various calendarsGregorian calendar| 1225
MCCXXV

|

Ab urbe condita| 1978
Armenian calendar| 674
ԹՎ ՈՀԴ
Assyrian calendar| 5975
Balinese saka calendar| 1146–1147
Bengali calendar| 631–632
Berber calendar| 2175
English Regnal year| 9 Hen. 3 – 10 Hen. 3
Buddhist calendar| 1769
Burmese calendar| 587
Byzantine calendar| 6733–6734
Chinese calendar| 甲申年 (Wood Monkey)
3922 or 3715
— to —
乙酉年 (Wood Rooster)
3923 or 3716
Coptic calendar| 941–942
Discordian calendar| 2391
Ethiopian calendar| 1217–1218
Hebrew calendar| 4985–4986
Hindu calendars|
\- Vikram Samvat| 1281–1282
\- Shaka Samvat| 1146–1147
\- Kali Yuga| 4325–4326
Holocene calendar| 11225
Igbo calendar| 225–226
Iranian calendar| 603–604
Islamic calendar| 621–622
Japanese calendar| Gennin 2 / Karoku 1
(嘉禄元年)
Javanese calendar| 1133–1134
Julian calendar| 1225
MCCXXV
Korean calendar| 3558
Minguo calendar| 687 before ROC
民前687年
Nanakshahi calendar| −243
Thai solar calendar| 1767–1768
Tibetan calendar| 阳木猴年
(male Wood-Monkey)
1351 or 970 or 198
— to —
阴木鸡年
(female Wood-Rooster)
1352 or 971 or 199
Frederick II marries Queen Yolande

Year 1225 (MCCXXV) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar.

## Events

[edit]

### By place

[edit]

#### Mongol Empire

[edit]

* Autumn - Subutai is assigned a new campaign by Genghis Khan against the Tanguts. He crosses the Gobi Desert with a Mongol army and advances south into the Western Xia (or Xi Xia). Meanwhile, Genghis, in his mid-sixties, becomes wounded during hunting. His injury – a dislocated shoulder, perhaps, or a bruised rib – forces him to take some rest.[1]
* Iltutmish, Ghurid ruler of the Delhi Sultanate, repels a Mongol attack and invades Bengal. His rival, Ghiyasuddin, leads an army to halt Iltutmish's advance, but decides to avoid a conflict by paying him tribute and accepting his suzerainty.[2]

#### Europe

[edit]

* July 25 - Emperor Frederick II takes an oath at San Germano (near Cassino) and promises to depart on a Crusade (the Sixth Crusade), for the Near East in August 1227. He sends 1000 knights to the Levant and provides Rome with 100,000 ounces of gold, to be forfeited to the Catholic Church should he break his vow. These funds will be returned to Frederick once he arrives at Acre.[3]
* November 9 - Frederick II marries the 14-year-old Queen Yolande, heiress to the kingdom of Jerusalem, and adds the Crusader States to his dominions.[4]
* November 29 - The 12-year-old Henry VII, by order of his father Frederick II, marries Margaret of Austria, daughter of Duke Leopold VI (the Glorious).
* The Teutonic Knights are expelled from Transylvania by King Andrew II, because they wanted to separate from Hungary.

#### England

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* February 11 - The Charter of the Forest is restored to its traditional rights by King Henry III. 'Free men' are allowed to find pasture for their pigs, collect firewood, graze animals, or cut turf for fuel. At this time, however, only about 10 percent of the population is 'free', the rest are locked into service to a local landowner, some of them little more than slaves.[5]
* The Magna Carta is reaffirmed (for the third time) by Henry III, in return for issuing a property tax. It becomes the definitive version of the text.[6]

#### Middle East

[edit]

* Summer - Battle of Garni: Khwarezmid forces led by Jalal al-Din Mangburni defeat the Georgian army (some 70,000 men) at Garni. The royal court of Queen Rusudan moves to Kutaisi, while the Georgian capital Tbilisi is besieged by the Khwarezmians.
* July 25 - Jalal al-Din Mangburni dethrones Muzaffar al-Din Uzbek, ruler (atabeg) of the Eldiguzids, and sets himself up in the capital of Tabriz (modern Iran).
* October 5 - Caliph Al-Nasir dies from dysentery at Baghdad after a 45-year reign. He is succeeded by his son Al-Zahir as ruler of the Abbasid Caliphate.

#### Levant

[edit]

* The 8-year-old Henry I (the Fat) is crowned as king of Cyprus in the Cathedral of Saint Sophia at Nicosia. His uncle Philip of Ibelin orders the coronation, so that when Henry comes of age at fifteen a regency could not be prolonged on the ground that he is not yet crowned.[7]

#### Asia

[edit]

* December 31 - Lý Chiêu Hoàng, only empress regnant in the history of Vietnam, marries Trần Thái Tông, making him the first ruler of the Trần dynasty.

### By topic

[edit]

#### Religion

[edit]

* May 10 - Gerold of Lausanne, French bishop of Valence, becomes the new Latin patriarch of Jerusalem (until 1239).
* June 10 - Pope Honorius III issues the bull Vineae Domini custodes in which he approves the mission of two friars to Morocco. The bull is reissued in October when Honorius III exhorts the Dominican and Franciscan order to participate in that mission.[8]
* July 27 - Visby Cathedral in Sweden is consecrated.

## Births

[edit]

* Amato Ronconi, Italian nobleman and monk (d. 1292)
* Beatrice of Bohemia, German noblewoman (d. 1290)
* Beatrice of Brabant, countess of Flanders (d. 1288)
* Chabi, Mongol empress and wife of Kublai Khan (d. 1281)
* David VI Narin (the Clever), king of Georgia (d. 1293)
* Franciscus Accursius, Italian lawyer and jurist (d. 1293)
* Fujiwara no Kitsushi, Japanese empress (d. 1292)
* Gaston VII (Froissard), viscount of Béarn (d. 1290)
* Guido Guinizelli, Italian poet and writer (d. 1276)
* Guigues VII, ruler (dauphin) of Viennois (d. 1269)
* Saionji Kisshi, Japanese empress consort (d. 1292)
* Sanchia of Provence, queen of Germany (d. 1261)
* Thomas Aquinas, Italian friar and theologian (d. 1274)
* Todros ben Joseph Abulafia, Spanish rabbi (d. 1285)
* Walter Giffard, English Lord Chancellor (d. 1279)

## Deaths

[edit]

* January 3 - Adolf III of Holstein, German nobleman (b. 1160)
* February 18 - Hugh Bigod, English nobleman (b. 1182)
* March 30 - Gertrude of Dagsburg, French noblewoman
* May 6 - John of Fountains, English prelate and bishop
* June 8 - Sabrisho IV, patriarch of the Church of the East
* June 21 - Conrad of Krosigk, German prelate and bishop
* July 16 - Ōe no Hiromoto, Japanese nobleman (b. 1148)
* August 16 - Hōjō Masako, Japanese noblewoman (b. 1156)
* August 24 - Adelardo Cattaneo, Italian cardinal and bishop
* September 16 - Rainier of Antioch, Latin cleric and patriarch
* September 17 - William VI, marquis of Montferrat (b. 1173)
* September 29 - Arnaud Amalric, French abbot and bishop
* October 5 - Al-Nasir, caliph of the Abbasid Caliphate (b. 1158)
* October 28 - Jien, Japanese poet and historian (b. 1155)
* November 7 - Engelbert II of Berg, archbishop of Cologne
* Ahmad al-Buni, Almohad mathematician and Sufi writer
* Al-Afdal ibn Salah ad-Din, ruler of Damascus (b. 1169)
* Bernard Itier, French librarian and chronicler (b. 1163)
* Eliezer ben Joel HaLevi, German rabbi and writer (b. 1140)
* Geoffrey de Neville, English nobleman and seneschal
* Ghabdula Chelbir (or Chelbir), ruler of Volga Bulgaria
* Ivane of Akhaltsikhe, Georgian nobleman and courtier
* Lamberto Visconti di Eldizio, Sardinian ruler of Gallura
* Margaret of Louvain, Flemish servant and saint (b. 1207)
* Muzaffar al-Din Uzbek, ruler (atabeg) of the Eldiguzids
* Urso of Calabria, Italian scholar, philosopher and writer
* William the Breton, French chronicler (approximate date)
* Zhao Hong, Chinese prince and heir apparent (b. 1207)

## References

[edit]

1. ^ John Man (2011). Genghis Khan: Life, Death and Resurrection, p. 242. ISBN 978-0-553-81498-9.
2. ^ Jackson, Peter (2003). The Delhi Sultanate: A Political and Military History, p. 36. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-54329-3.
3. ^ Steven Runciman (1952). A History of The Crusades. Vol III: The Kingdom of Acre, p. 149. ISBN 978-0-241-29877-0.
4. ^ Steven Runciman (1952). A History of The Crusades. Vol III: The Kingdom of Acre, p. 147. ISBN 978-0-241-29877-0.
5. ^ Rothwell, Harry (1995). English Historical Documents 1189–1327, p. 347. ISBN 978-0-415-14368-4.
6. ^ Williams, Hywel (2005). Cassell's Chronology of World History. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. pp. 135–137. ISBN 0-304-35730-8.
7. ^ Steven Runciman (1952). A History of The Crusades. Vol III: The Kingdom of Acre, p. 151. ISBN 978-0-241-29877-0.
8. ^ Fonnesberg-Schmidt, Iben (2007). The Popes and the Baltic Crusades: 1147-1254. BRILL. ISBN 978-90-04-15502-2. Retrieved May 5, 2024.

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