12th century BC

One hundred years, from 1200 BC to 1101 BC

"1100s BC" redirects here. For the decade, see 1100s BC (decade).

Millennium

2nd millennium BC
Centuries

* 13th century BC
* 12th century BC
* 11th century BC

Timelines

* 13th century BC
* 12th century BC
* 11th century BC

State leaders

* 13th century BC
* 12th century BC
* 11th century BC

Decades

* 1190s BC
* 1180s BC
* 1170s BC
* 1160s BC
* 1150s BC

* 1140s BC
* 1130s BC
* 1120s BC
* 1110s BC
* 1100s BC

Categories:
Births – Deaths
Establishments – Disestablishments

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The 12th century BC is the period from 1200 to 1101 BC. The Late Bronze Age collapse in the ancient Near East and eastern Mediterranean is often considered to begin in this century.[1]

## Events

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Walls of the excavated city of Troy, supposed center of the legendary Trojan War

* 1200 BC: the first civilization in Central and North America develops in about 1200 BC in the coastal regions of the southern part of the Gulf of Mexico. Known as the Olmec civilization, its early site is at San Lorenzo.
* 1200 BC: the Phoenicians found the port of Lisbon, Portugal
* 1197 BC: the beginning of the first period (1197 BC–982 BC) by Shao Yong's concept of the I Ching and history.
* c. 1194 BC: the beginning of the legendary Trojan War.
* 1192 BC: Wu Ding, King of the Shang dynasty, dies.
* 1191 BC: Menestheus, legendary King of Athens, dies during the Trojan War after a reign of 23 years and is succeeded by his nephew Demophon, a son of Theseus. Other accounts place his death a decade later and shortly after the Trojan War (see 1180s BC).
* 1186 BC: end of the Nineteenth Dynasty of Egypt, start of the Twentieth Dynasty.
* April 24, 1184 BC: traditional date for the fall of Troy, Asia Minor to the Mycenaeans and their allies. This marks the end of the Trojan War of Greek mythology.
* 1181 BC: Menestheus, legendary King of Athens and veteran of the Trojan War, dies after a reign of 23 years and is succeeded by his nephew Demophon, a son of Theseus. Other accounts place his death a decade earlier and during the Trojan War (see 1190s BC).
* 1180 BC: the last Kassite King, Anllil-nadin-akhe, is defeated by the Elamites.
* 1180 BC: collapse of Hittite power in Anatolia with the destruction of their capital Hattusa.
* c. 1177 BC: Ramesses III of Egypt repels attacks by northern invaders (the "Sea-Peoples") in the 8th year of his reign (1177 or 1186 BC); an event which Eric Cline closely relates to the beginning of the Late Bronze Age collapse.[2]
* April 16, 1178 BC: a solar eclipse may mark the return of Odysseus, legendary King of Ithaca, to his kingdom after the Trojan War.[3] He discovers a number of suitors competing to marry his wife Penelope, whom they believe to be a widow, in order to succeed him on the throne. He organizes their slaying and re-establishes himself on the throne.
* 1160 BC: death of Pharaoh Ramesses V, from smallpox.
* 1159 BC: the Hekla 3 eruption triggers an 18-year period of climatic cooling.
* 1154 BC: death of exiled Queen Helen of Sparta at Rhodes (estimated date).
* c. 1150 BC: end of Egyptian rule in Canaan, with Ramesses VI the last Pharaoh acknowledged.
* c. 1150 BC: Demophon, legendary King of Athens and veteran of the Trojan War, dies after a reign of 33 years and is succeeded by his son Oxyntes.[4]
* 1137 BC: Ramesses VII begins his reign as the sixth ruler of the Twentieth Dynasty of Egypt.
* c. 1138 BC: Oxyntes, legendary King of Athens, dies after a reign of 12 years and is succeeded by his elder son Apheidas.
* c. 1137 BC: Apheidas, legendary King of Athens, is assassinated and succeeded by his younger brother Thymoetes after a reign of 1 year.
* c. 1128 BC: Thymoetes, legendary King of Athens, dies childless after a reign of 8 years. He is succeeded by his designated heir Melanthus of Pylos, a fifth-generation descendant of Neleus who had reportedly assisted him in battle against the Boeotians.
* 1122 BC: legendary founding date of the city of Pyongyang.
* c. 1120 BC: Troy VIIb1 is destroyed.
* 1115 BC: Tiglath-Pileser I becomes King of Assyria.
* 1107 BC: Pharaoh Ramesses X of Egypt dies and is succeeded by Ramesses XI, probably his son, as 10th and final pharaoh of the Twentieth Dynasty of Egypt and last ruler of the New Kingdom of Egypt.
* c. 1104 BC: Cádiz (Gadir) founded by Phoenicians in southwestern Spain.
* 1100 BC: Tiglath-Pileser I of Assyria conquers the Hittites.
* c. 1100 BC: the Dorians supposedly invade Greece.
* c. 1100 BC: beginning of the proto-Villanovan culture in northern Italy.
* c. 1100 BC: Mycenaean civilization ends. Start of Greek Dark Ages.
* Elamite invaders loot art treasures from Mesopotamia and carry them into Susa.
* Approximate date: Fang ding, from Tomb 1004, Houjiazhuang, Anyang, Henan (Shang dynasty) is made.[5]

## Inventions, discoveries, introductions

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* 1100s BC—Alphabet, developed by the Phoenicians

## Sovereign states

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See: List of sovereign states in the 12th century BC

## References

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1. ^ Bungart, Victoria. "Timeline: 12th Century". Oxford Reference. HistoryWorld. Retrieved 27 June 2021.
2. ^ Cline, Eric. 1177 BC: The Year Civilization Collapsed [video], 2016, 1h10'17. See 5'41 for the invasion of the Sea People in the 8th yr of Ramses III's reign; 6'19 for the incertitude on the dates; 4'30 for the start of the Late Bronze Age collapse "on either side of 1200 BC".
3. ^ Espenak, Fred. "Eclipse Predictions". eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov. Retrieved 29 April 2023.
4. ^ Harding, Phillip (2006). The story of Athens. London: Routledge. ISBN 978-1-134-30447-9. OCLC 1100435996.
5. ^ It is now kept at Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.

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Decades and years

12th century BC
14th century BC ← 13th century BC ← ↔ → 11th century BC → 10th century BC | 1200s BC | 1209 BC | 1208 BC | 1207 BC | 1206 BC | 1205 BC | 1204 BC | 1203 BC | 1202 BC | 1201 BC | 1200 BC

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1190s BC | 1199 BC | 1198 BC | 1197 BC | 1196 BC | 1195 BC | 1194 BC | 1193 BC | 1192 BC | 1191 BC | 1190 BC
1180s BC | 1189 BC | 1188 BC | 1187 BC | 1186 BC | 1185 BC | 1184 BC | 1183 BC | 1182 BC | 1181 BC | 1180 BC
1170s BC | 1179 BC | 1178 BC | 1177 BC | 1176 BC | 1175 BC | 1174 BC | 1173 BC | 1172 BC | 1171 BC | 1170 BC
1160s BC | 1169 BC | 1168 BC | 1167 BC | 1166 BC | 1165 BC | 1164 BC | 1163 BC | 1162 BC | 1161 BC | 1160 BC
1150s BC | 1159 BC | 1158 BC | 1157 BC | 1156 BC | 1155 BC | 1154 BC | 1153 BC | 1152 BC | 1151 BC | 1150 BC
1140s BC | 1149 BC | 1148 BC | 1147 BC | 1146 BC | 1145 BC | 1144 BC | 1143 BC | 1142 BC | 1141 BC | 1140 BC
1130s BC | 1139 BC | 1138 BC | 1137 BC | 1136 BC | 1135 BC | 1134 BC | 1133 BC | 1132 BC | 1131 BC | 1130 BC
1120s BC | 1129 BC | 1128 BC | 1127 BC | 1126 BC | 1125 BC | 1124 BC | 1123 BC | 1122 BC | 1121 BC | 1120 BC
1110s BC | 1119 BC | 1118 BC | 1117 BC | 1116 BC | 1115 BC | 1114 BC | 1113 BC | 1112 BC | 1111 BC | 1110 BC
1100s BC | 1109 BC | 1108 BC | 1107 BC | 1106 BC | 1105 BC | 1104 BC | 1103 BC | 1102 BC | 1101 BC | 1100 BC
1090s BC | 1099 BC | 1098 BC | 1097 BC | 1096 BC | 1095 BC | 1094 BC | 1093 BC | 1092 BC | 1091 BC | 1090 BC

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Centuries and millennia

| Millennium | Century

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BC (BCE)
4th | 40th | 39th | 38th | 37th | 36th | 35th | 34th | 33rd | 32nd | 31st
3rd | 30th | 29th | 28th | 27th | 26th | 25th | 24th | 23rd | 22nd | 21st
2nd | 20th | 19th | 18th | 17th | 16th | 15th | 14th | 13th | 12th | 11th
1st | 10th | 9th | 8th | 7th | 6th | 5th | 4th | 3rd | 2nd | 1st
AD (CE)
1st | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 4th | 5th | 6th | 7th | 8th | 9th | 10th
2nd | 11th | 12th | 13th | 14th | 15th | 16th | 17th | 18th | 19th | 20th
3rd | 21st | 22nd | 23rd | 24th | 25th | 26th | 27th | 28th | 29th | 30th

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