13 (number)

Natural number

| ← 12  | 13 |  14 →

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← 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 →

* List of numbers
* Integers

← 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 →

Cardinal| thirteen
Ordinal| 13th
(thirteenth)
Numeral system| tredecimal
Factorization| prime
Prime| 6th
Divisors| 1, 13
Greek numeral| ΙΓ´
Roman numeral| XIII, xiii
Binary| 11012
Ternary| 1113
Senary| 216
Octal| 158
Duodecimal| 1112
Hexadecimal| D16
Hebrew numeral| י"ג
Babylonian numeral| 𒌋𒐗

13 (thirteen) is the natural number following 12 and preceding 14.

Folklore surrounding the number 13 appears in many cultures around the world: one theory is that this is due to the cultures employing lunar-solar calendars (there are approximately 12.41 lunations per solar year, and hence 12 "true months" plus a smaller, and often portentous, thirteenth month). This can be witnessed, for example, in the "Twelve Days of Christmas" of Western European tradition.[1]

## In mathematics

[edit]

The number 13 is a prime number, happy number[2] and a lucky number.[3] It is a twin prime with 11, as well as a cousin prime with 17. It is the second of only 3 Wilson primes: 5, 13, and 563. [4] A 13-sided regular polygon is called a tridecagon.

### List of basic calculations

[edit]

Multiplication | 1  | 2  | 3  | 4  | 5  | 6  | 7  | 8  | 9  | 10  | 11  | 12  | 13  | 14  | 15  | 16  | 17  | 18  | 19  | 20  | 21  | 22  | 23  | 24  | 25  | 50  | 100  | 1000

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(13)x | 13 | 26 | 39 | 52 | 65 | 78 | 91 | 104 | 117 | 130 | 143 | 156 | 169 | 182 | 195 | 208 | 221 | 234 | 247 | 260 | 273 | 286 | 299 | 312 | 325 | 650 | 1300 | 13000
Division | 1  | 2  | 3  | 4  | 5  | 6  | 7  | 8  | 9  | 10  | 11  | 12  | 13  | 14  | 15

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13 ÷ x | 13 | 6.5  | 4.3 | 3.25  | 2.6  | 2.16 | 1.857142 | 1.625  | 1.4 | 1.3  | 1.18 | 1.083 | 1  | 0.9285714 | 0.86
x ÷ 13 | 0.076923 | 0.153846 | 0.230769 | 0.307692 | 0.384615 | 0.461538 | 0.538461 | 0.615384 | 0.692307 | 0.769230 | 0.846153 | 0.923076 | 1  | 1.076923 | 1.153846
Exponentiation | 1  | 2  | 3  | 4  | 5  | 6  | 7  | 8  | 9  | 10  | 11

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13x | 13 | 169  | 2197  | 28561  | 371293  | 4826809  | 62748517  | 815730721  | 10604499373  | 137858491849  | 1792160394037
x13 | 1  | 8192  | 1594323  | 67108864  | 1220703125  | 13060694016  | 96889010407  | 549755813888  | 2541865828329  | 10000000000000  | 34522712143931

## In languages

[edit]

### Grammar

[edit]

* In all Germanic languages, 13 is the first compound number; the numbers 11 and 12 have their own names.
* The Romance languages use different systems: In Italian, 11 is the first compound number (undici), as in Romanian (unsprezece), while in Spanish and Portuguese, the numbers up to and including 15 (Spanish quince, Portuguese quinze), and in French and Italian up to and including 16 (French seize, Italian sedici) have their own names. This is also the case in most Slavic languages, Hindi-Urdu and other South Asian languages.[example needed]

#### Folklore

[edit]

In Germany, according to an old tradition, 13 (dreizehn), as the first compound number, was the first number written in digits; the numbers 0 (null) through 12 (zwölf) were spelled out. The Duden (the German standard dictionary) now calls this tradition (which was actually never written down as an official rule) outdated and no longer valid, but many writers still follow it.[5]

### In English

[edit]

Thirteen is one of two numbers within the teen numerical range (13–19), along with fifteen, not derived by cardinal numeral (three) and the teen suffix; instead, it is derived from the ordinal numeral (third).

## In religion

[edit]

### Islam

[edit]

In Shia, 13 signifies the 13th day of the month of Rajab (the Lunar calendar), which is the birth of Imam Ali.

### Catholicism

[edit]

In Catholic devotional practice, the number thirteen is also associated with Saint Anthony of Padua, since his feast day falls on June 13. A traditional devotion called the Thirteen Tuesdays of St. Anthony[6] involves praying to the saint every Tuesday over a period of thirteen weeks. Another devotion, St. Anthony's Chaplet, consists of thirteen decades of three beads each.[7]

### Sikhism

[edit]

According to famous Sakhi (evidence) or the story of Guru Nanak Dev Ji, when he was an accountant at a town of Sultanpur Lodhi, he was distributing groceries to people. When he gave groceries to the 13th person, he stopped because in Gurmukhi and Hindi the word 13 is called terah, which means yours. And Guru Nanak Dev Ji kept saying, "Yours, yours, yours..." remembering God. People reported to the emperor that Guru Nanak Dev Ji was giving out free food to the people. When treasures were checked, there was more money than before.

### Judaism

[edit]

* In Judaism, 13 signifies the age at which a boy matures and becomes a Bar Mitzvah, i.e., a full member of the Jewish faith (counts as a member of Minyan).

### Wicca

[edit]

A common tradition in the religion Wicca holds that the number of members for a coven is ideally thirteen, though this tradition is not universal.[8]

## Luck

[edit]

### Bad

[edit]

Further information: Triskaidekaphobia

This elevator skips the number 13 and jumps from floor 12 to 14. The thirteenth floor continues to physically exist, but is now represented by the numerical symbols for the number 14.

The number 13 is considered an unlucky number in some countries.[9] The end of the Mayan calendar's 13th Baktun was superstitiously feared as a harbinger of the apocalyptic 2012 phenomenon.[10] Fear of the number 13 has a specifically recognized phobia, triskaidekaphobia, a word first recorded in 1911.[11] The superstitious sufferers of triskaidekaphobia try to avoid bad luck by keeping away from anything numbered or labelled thirteen. As a result, companies and manufacturers use another way of numbering or labelling to avoid the number, with hotels and tall buildings being conspicuous examples (thirteenth floor).[12] It is also considered unlucky to have thirteen guests at a table. Friday the 13th has been considered an unlucky day.[9]

There are a number of theories as to why the number thirteen became associated with bad luck, but none of them have been accepted as likely.[9]

The Last Supper
Jesus Christ's Last Supper, there were thirteen people around the table, counting Christ and the twelve apostles. Some believe this is unlucky because one of those thirteen, Judas Iscariot, was the betrayer of Jesus Christ. From the 1890s, a number of English language sources relate the "unlucky" thirteen to an idea that at the Last Supper, Judas, the disciple who betrayed Jesus, was the 13th to sit at the table.[13]
Knights Templar
On Friday, 13 October 1307, King Philip IV of France ordered the arrest of the Knights Templar,[9] and most of the knights were tortured and killed.
Full moons
A year with 13 full moons instead of 12 posed problems for the monks in charge of the calendars. "This was considered a very unfortunate circumstance, especially by the monks who had charge of the calendar of thirteen months for that year, and it upset the regular arrangement of church festivals. For this reason, thirteen came to be considered an unlucky number."[14] However, a typical century has about 37 years that have 13 full moons, compared to 63 years with 12 full moons, and typically every third or fourth year has 13 full moons.[15]
A suppressed lunar cult
In ancient cultures, the number 13 represented femininity, because it corresponded to the number of lunar (menstrual) cycles in a year (13 × 28 = 364 days). The theory is that, as the solar calendar triumphed over the lunar, the number thirteen became anathema.[9][16]
Hammurabi's code
There is a myth that the earliest reference to thirteen being unlucky or evil is in the Babylonian Code of Hammurabi (circa 1780 BC), where the thirteenth law is said to be omitted. In fact, the original Code of Hammurabi has no numeration. The translation by L.W. King (1910), edited by Richard Hooker, omitted one article: If the seller have gone to (his) fate (i. e., have died), the purchaser shall recover damages in said case fivefold from the estate of the seller. Other translations of the Code of Hammurabi, for example the translation by Robert Francis Harper, include the 13th article.[17]

### Good

[edit]

See also: Lucky Thirteen (disambiguation)

Singer Taylor Swift considers the number 13 to be lucky & references throughout her work[18]

* France: 13 was traditionally considered a lucky number in France prior to the First World War, and was used in numerical form as a good luck symbol on postcards and charms.[19]
* Italy: 13 was the lucky number in the Italian football pools (Totocalcio). The Italian expression "fare tredici" (literally, "make thirteen") means to hit the jackpot.[20]
* United States: Colgate University also considers 13 a lucky number. They were founded in 1819 by 13 men with 13 dollars, 13 prayers and 13 articles.[21] (To this day, members of the Colgate community consider the number 13 a good omen.) In fact, the campus address is 13 Oak Drive in Hamilton, New York, and the male a cappella group is called the Colgate 13.

### Other

[edit]

A baker's dozen, devil's dozen,[22] long dozen, or long measure is 13, one more than a standard dozen. The thirteenth loaf is called the vantage loaf because it is considered advantageous overall to get 13 loaves for the price of 12.[23]

In a tarot card deck, XIII is the card of Death, usually picturing the Pale Horse with its rider.

## Age 13

[edit]

* In Judaism, thirteen signifies the age at which a boy matures and becomes a Bar Mitzvah, i.e., a full member of the Jewish faith.[24]
* Thirteen is the minimum age of consent in Argentina, Burkina Faso, Niger, and two Mexican states.
* On many social media platforms in the United States, 13 is the standard minimum age to be allowed to create an account in compliance with the Children's Online Privacy Protection Act (COPPA).
* This is the age at which the Entertainment Software Rating Board (ESRB) assesses for T-rated games and the Motion Picture Association recommends movies with a PG-13 rating.

## History

[edit]

This article may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia's quality standards. The specific problem is: This coverage of 13 in American heraldry must be shortened. It should be treated as no more or less important than the religious content. All of this non-math content must be strictly focused on the meaning of the number to these groups. Please help improve this article if you can. (January 2025) (Learn how and when to remove this message)

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The Great Seal of the United States features several groupings which consist of 13 things of the same type e.g. 13 olive leaves, 13 stars, 13 arrows.

* The United States of America was created from thirteen British colonies and as such, the number thirteen is a commonly recurring motif in American heraldry. For example, there are thirteen stars on the Great Seal of the United States and there are thirteen stripes on the American flag as well as thirteen rays on the Flag of Arizona.
* The first flag of the United States bore thirteen stripes, alternating red and white, and thirteen white stars in the blue union. The thirteen stripes represented the Thirteen Colonies from which the United States was created, and the thirteen stars represented the number of states in the new nation. When two new states were added to the Union in 1795, the flag bore fifteen stars and fifteen stripes. With the addition of five new states in 1818, the number of stripes was re-set and permanently fixed at thirteen.
* The Great Seal of the United States bears many images of the number thirteen, representing the Thirteen Colonies from which the United States was created. On the Seal's obverse, the overhead glory bears thirteen stars. The chest shield in front of the spread eagle bears thirteen stripes (seven white and six red). The eagle's right talon holds the Olive Branch of Peace, bearing thirteen olives and thirteen olive leaves. The eagle's left talon holds the Weapons of War, consisting of thirteen arrows. The eagle's mouth holds a scroll bearing the national motto "E Pluribus Unum" (which, by coincidence, consists of thirteen letters). On the Seal's reverse, the unfinished pyramid consists of thirteen levels.

## In sports

[edit]

This article may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia's quality standards. The specific problem is: A lot of the content of this section really belongs under the luck section. Please help improve this article if you can. (January 2025) (Learn how and when to remove this message)

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* The number 13 was not used in the Indianapolis 500 from 1915 to 2002. It was not permitted for use between 1926 and 2002. In 2009, E. J. Viso, driving for HVM Racing in the 2009 IndyCar Series season, drove a green number 13 car full-time, despite terrible superstitions about it in motorsports.
* The number 13 was not used in Formula One from 1977 to 2013.
* In rugby league:
* The jersey number 13 is worn by the starting loose forward or lock forward in most competitions. An exception is in the Super League, which uses static squad numbering.
* In rugby union, the jersey number 13 is worn by the outside centre.
* In triathlon, the number 13 is not used. As such, the numbering goes 11, 12, 14, 15 under the current numbering system.
* In cycle sport events like the Tour de France, riders assigned the number 13 will often wear their race bib upside down.

## See also

[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to 13 (number).

## References

[edit]

1. ^ Frazier, King of the Bean, and the Festival of Fools. Cited in Thompson, Tok. 2002. The thirteenth number: Then, there/ here and now. Studia Mythological Slavica 5, 145–159.
2. ^ "Sloane's A007770 : Happy numbers". The On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences. OEIS Foundation. Retrieved June 1, 2016.
3. ^ "A000959 Lucky numbers. (Formerly M2616 N1035)". OEIS: The On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences. OEIS Foundation. Retrieved October 31, 2018.
4. ^ Sloane, N. J. A. (ed.). "Sequence A007540 (wilson primes)". The On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences. OEIS Foundation.
5. ^ "Duden | Schreibung von Zahlen bis 12". www.duden.de (in German). Retrieved March 23, 2020.
6. ^ "The Shrine of St. Anthony". shrineofstanthony.org.
7. ^ "Liturgical Year: Prayers: Chaplet of St. Anthony". catholicculture.org.
8. ^ Raymond Buckland (1986). Buckland's Complete Book of Witchcraft. St. Paul, MN: Llewellyn. pp. 17–18–53. ISBN 9780875420509. Retrieved February 17, 2022.
9. ^ a b c d e Emery, David. "Why Is Friday the 13th Unlucky? - History and Folklore". About.com Entertainment. Archived from the original on January 16, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2011.
10. ^ "Most Popular E-mail Newsletter". USA Today. November 24, 2011.
11. ^ "triskaidekaphobia". Oxford English Dictionary (Online ed.). Oxford University Press. (Subscription or participating institution membership required.)
12. ^ Fleischman, Sid (August 19, 2007). "The 13th Floor: A Ghost Story". The Washington Post. Retrieved July 26, 2008.
13. ^ Cecil Adams (1992-11-06). "Why is the number 13 considered unlucky?". The Straight Dope. Retrieved 2011-05-13.
14. ^ "The Really Strange Story Behind Sunday's Blue Moon". Space.com. November 19, 2010.
15. ^ Cooley, Keith (2008). "Full Moons 1900-2100". Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory. Archived from the original on June 24, 2011. Retrieved August 1, 2011.
16. ^ Stan Gooch, Guardians of the Ancient Wisdom (1980)
17. ^ The Code of Hammurabi (Harper translation)
18. ^ What Makes Taylor Swift's Lucky Number 13 So Special? See Here;Outlook India; Dec 14, 2023
19. ^ Owen, Davies (2018). A Supernatural War: Magic, Divination, and Faith During the First World War. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 136\. ISBN 9780198794554.`{{cite book}}`: CS1 maint: publisher location (link)
20. ^ "Tredici: Definizione e significato di tredici". dizionari.corriere.it. Dizionario di Italiano il Sabatini Coletti (in Italian). Archived from the original on June 22, 2019.
21. ^ "Colgate: History & Traditions". Colgate University. Archived from the original on August 14, 2007. Retrieved September 1, 2007.
22. ^ "Definition of DEVIL'S DOZEN". www.merriam-webster.com. Retrieved May 9, 2022.
23. ^ "Vantage loaf". Green's Dictionary of Slang. Oxford University Press. 2011. ISBN 978-0-19-982994-1. Retrieved July 22, 2020.
24. ^ "Origins of the Bar/Bat Mitzvah". ReformJudaism.org. October 19, 2012. “Today in almost all non-Orthodox congregations, all children mark symbolic entry into Jewish adulthood through b'nai mitzvah (bar or bat mitzvah) at age 13.”

* v
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Integers

*  0
*  1
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*  3
*  4
*  5
*  6
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100s

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* 130
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200s

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300s

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600s

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700s

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* 793
* 794
* 795
* 796
* 797
* 798
* 799

800s

* 800
* 801
* 802
* 803
* 804
* 805
* 806
* 807
* 808
* 809

* 810
* 811
* 812
* 813
* 814
* 815
* 816
* 817
* 818
* 819

* 820
* 821
* 822
* 823
* 824
* 825
* 826
* 827
* 828
* 829

* 830
* 831
* 832
* 833
* 834
* 835
* 836
* 837
* 838
* 839

* 840
* 841
* 842
* 843
* 844
* 845
* 846
* 847
* 848
* 849

* 850
* 851
* 852
* 853
* 854
* 855
* 856
* 857
* 858
* 859

* 860
* 861
* 862
* 863
* 864
* 865
* 866
* 867
* 868
* 869

* 870
* 871
* 872
* 873
* 874
* 875
* 876
* 877
* 878
* 879

* 880
* 881
* 882
* 883
* 884
* 885
* 886
* 887
* 888
* 889

* 890
* 891
* 892
* 893
* 894
* 895
* 896
* 897
* 898
* 899

900s

* 900
* 901
* 902
* 903
* 904
* 905
* 906
* 907
* 908
* 909

* 910
* 911
* 912
* 913
* 914
* 915
* 916
* 917
* 918
* 919

* 920
* 921
* 922
* 923
* 924
* 925
* 926
* 927
* 928
* 929

* 930
* 931
* 932
* 933
* 934
* 935
* 936
* 937
* 938
* 939

* 940
* 941
* 942
* 943
* 944
* 945
* 946
* 947
* 948
* 949

* 950
* 951
* 952
* 953
* 954
* 955
* 956
* 957
* 958
* 959

* 960
* 961
* 962
* 963
* 964
* 965
* 966
* 967
* 968
* 969

* 970
* 971
* 972
* 973
* 974
* 975
* 976
* 977
* 978
* 979

* 980
* 981
* 982
* 983
* 984
* 985
* 986
* 987
* 988
* 989

* 990
* 991
* 992
* 993
* 994
* 995
* 996
* 997
* 998
* 999

1000s

* 1000
* 1001
* 1023
* 1024
* 1089
* 1093
* 1105
* 1234
* 1289
* 1458
* 1510
* 1728
* 1729
* 1980
* 1987

* 2000
* 2016
* 2520
* 3000
* 3511
* 4000
* 4104
* 5000
* 5040
* 6000
* 6174
* 7000
* 7744
* 7825
* 8000
* 8128
* 8192
* 9000
* 9855
* 9999

* 10,000
* 16,807
* 20,000
* 30,000
* 40,000
* 50,000
* 60,000
* 64,079
* 65,535
* 65,536
* 65,537
* 70,000
* 80,000
* 90,000

* 100,000
* 142,857
* 144,000
* 1,000,000
* 10,000,000
* 43,112,609
* 100,000,000
* 1,000,000,000
* 2,147,483,647
* 4,294,967,295
* 10,000,000,000
* 100,000,000,000

* v
* t
* e

Superstition

Main topics|

* Amulet
* Evil eye
* Luck
* Omen
* Talismans
* Myth and ritual

Lists|

* List of superstitions
* List of lucky symbols
* List of bad luck signs
* Sailors' superstitions
* Theatrical superstitions

Africa|

* Superstition in Ethiopia
* Buda
* Gris-gris
* Sampy
* Sleeping child

Americas|

* Ascalapha odorata
* Bermuda Triangle
* Brujería
* Carranca
* Cooties
* Curse of Tippecanoe
* Curupira
* Djucu
* Fortune cookie
* Groundhog Day
* I'noGo tied
* Oscar love curse
* Susto
* Veve
* White lighter myth
* Witch window

Asia|

* Superstition in India
* Superstition in Pakistan
* Superstition in the Philippines
* Japanese superstitions
* Superstition in Korea
* Taiwanese superstitions
* Bhoot (ghost)
* Chhaupadi
* Churel
* Ghosts in Bengali culture
* Jackal's horn
* Kuai Kuai culture
* Muhurta
* Navaratna
* Nazar
* Nazar battu
* Pichal Peri
* Puppy pregnancy syndrome
* Akabeko
* Kanai Anzen
* Maneki-neko
* Okiagari-koboshi
* Ofuda
* Omamori
* Fan death
* Feng shui
* Hindu astrology
* Agimat
* Albularyo
* Barang
* Kulam
* Lihi
* Pagtatawas
* Pasma
* Usog
* Kuman Thong
* Palad khik
* Takrut
* Nang Kwak
* Vastu shastra
* White elephant
* Jin Chan
* Numbers in Chinese culture
* Yantra cloth

Europe|

* August curse
* Barbary macaques in Gibraltar
* Bayern-luck
* Blarney Stone
* Cimaruta
* Cornicello
* The Goodman's Croft
* Himmelsbrief
* Icelandic magical staves
* In bocca al lupo
* Kitchen witch
* Klabautermann
* Mooncalf
* Need-fire
* Painted pebbles
* Powder of sympathy
* Rabbit rabbit rabbit
* Ravens of the Tower of London
* Russian traditions and superstitions
* Superstition in Britain
* Superstition in Serbia
* Spilling water for luck
* The Scottish Play
* Troll cross
* Tycho Brahe days
* Witch post
* Wolfssegen

General|

* 1 (Ace of spades)
* 3 (Three on a match)
* 4 (Four-leaf clover, tetraphobia)
* 7 (Seventh son of a seventh son)
* 11:11
* 13 (Friday the 13th, The Thirteen Club, thirteenth floor, triskaidekaphobia)
* 17 (Heptadecaphobia)
* 27 (27 Club)
* 39 (Curse of 39)
* 666 (Number of the Beast)
* Auspicious wedding dates
* Baseball superstition
* Beginner's luck
* Black cat
* Bread and butter
* Break a leg
* Bullroarer
* Chain letter
* Cramp-ring
* Curse
* Davy Jones' Locker
* Dead man's hand
* End-of-the-day betting effect
* Fear of frogs
* Fear of ghosts
* Fertility rite
* First-foot
* Flying Dutchman
* Four eleven forty-four
* Gambler's conceit
* Good luck charm
* Human sacrifice
* Jinx
* Hex
* Knocking on wood
* Law of contagion
* Literomancy
* Lock of hair
* Maternal impression
* Miasma theory
* Nelson
* Numerophobia
* Numismatic charm
* Penny
* Rabbit's foot
* Rainmaking
* Ship sponsor
* Shoes on a table
* Sign of the horns
* Something old
* Spilling salt
* Statue rubbing
* Threshold
* Toi toi toi
* Wishing well
* Witch ball
* Witching hour

Related|

* Apophenia
* Apotropaic magic
* Astrology and science
* Coincidence
* Debunker
* Divination
* Folk religion
* Fortune-telling
* Magic and religion
* Magical thinking
* Numerology
* Obsessive–compulsive disorder
* Perceptions of religious imagery in natural phenomena
* Post hoc ergo propter hoc
* Questionable cause
* Superstition in Judaism
* Superstitions in Muslim societies
* Traditional medicine
* Urban legend

Authority control databases

National|

* Germany
* United States
* Israel

Other|

* Yale LUX

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