1464 papal conclave

Election of Pope Paul II

Papal conclave
August 1464

Dates and location
28–30 August 1464
Apostolic Palace, Papal States
Key officials
Dean| Bessarion
Camerlengo| Ludovico Trevisan
Protopriest| Petrus von Schaumberg
Protodeacon| Rodrigo Borgia
Election
Ballots| 1
Elected pope
Pietro Barbo
Name taken: Paul II

← 1458

1471 →

The 1464 papal conclave (August 28–30), convened after the death of Pope Pius II, elected as his successor cardinal Pietro Barbo, who took the name Paul II.

## List of participants

[edit]

Pope Pius II died on August 14, 1464, in Ancona during preparations for the crusade against the Ottoman Empire. At the time of his death, there were 29 living cardinals, but only 19 of them participated in the conclave:[1]

Elector  | Nationality  | Cardinalatial Title  | Elevated  | Elevator  | Notes[2]

|
|
|
|
|

Bessarion | Greek | Bishop of Frascati; commendatario of SS. XII Apostoli  | 1439, December 18  | Pope Eugenius IV | Dean of the Sacred College of Cardinals; Latin Patriarch of Constantinople; Cardinal-protector of the Orders of Basilians, Franciscans and Dominicans
Guillaume d'Estouteville, O.S.B.Cluny  | French | Bishop of Ostia e Velletri | 1439, December 18  | Pope Eugenius IV | Archbishop of Rouen and administrator of Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne; Archpriest of the patriarchal Liberian Basilica; Cardinal-protector of the Order of Augustinians
Juan de Torquemada, O.P.  | Castilian | Bishop of Sabina | 1439, December 18  | Pope Eugenius IV | Bishop of Ourense
Juan Carvajal | Castilian | Bishop of Porto e Santa Rufina; commendatario of S. Lucia in Septisolio  | 1446, December 16  | Pope Eugenius IV | Bishop of Plasencia; Cardinal-protector of Hungary
Ludovico Trevisan | Venetian | Priest of S. Lorenzo in Damaso  | 1440, July 1  | Pope Eugenius IV | Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church; Patriarch of Aquileia; bishop of Cava
Pietro Barbo (elected Pope Paul II)  | Venetian | Priest of S. Marco  | 1440, July 1  | Pope Eugenius IV (Cardinal-nephew)  | Bishop of Vicenza; Archpriest of the patriarchal Vatican Basilica
Latino Orsini | Roman | Priest of SS. Giovanni e Paolo  | 1448, December 20  | Pope Nicholas V | Administrator of Bari; Archpriest of the patriarchal Lateran Basilica
Alain de Coëtivy | French | Priest of S. Prassede  | 1448, December 20  | Pope Nicholas V | Bishop of Avignon and administrator of Dol
Filippo Calandrini | Bolognese | Priest of S. Lorenzo in Lucina  | 1448, December 20  | Pope Nicholas V (Cardinal-nephew)  | Grand penitentiary; Bishop of Bologna
Juan de Mella | Castilian | Priest of S. Prisca  | 1456, December 17  | Pope Callixtus III | Bishop of Zamora
Giacomo Tebaldi | Neapolitan | Priest of S. Anastasia  | 1456, December 17  | Pope Callixtus III |
Richard Olivier de Longueil | French | Priest of S. Eusebio  | 1456, December 17  | Pope Callixtus III | Bishop of Coutances
Angelo Capranica | Roman | Priest of S. Croce in Gerusalemme  | 1460, March 5  | Pope Pius II | Bishop of Rieti
Bartolomeo Roverella | Ferrara | Priest of S. Clemente  | 1461, December 18  | Pope Pius II | Archbishop of Ravenna; Governor of Benevento
Louis d'Albret | French | Priest of SS. Marcellino e Pietro  | 1461, December 18  | Pope Pius II | Bishop of Cahors
Giacomo Ammanati-Piccolomini | Siena | Priest of S. Crisogono  | 1461, December 18  | Pope Pius II (Cardinal-nephew)  | Bishop of Pavia; Camerlengo of the Sacred College of Cardinals
Rodrigo Borgia | Catalan | Deacon of S. Nicola in Carcere Tulliano; commendatario of S. Maria in Via Lata  | 1456, September 17  | Pope Callixtus III (Cardinal-nephew)  | Protodeacon of the Sacred College of Cardinals; Vice-Chancellor of the Holy Roman Church; Administrator of Valencia
Francesco Todeschini-Piccolomini | Siena | Deacon of S. Eustachio  | 1460, March 5  | Pope Pius II (Cardinal-nephew)  | Administrator of Siena; Legate in Rome and the Papal States
Francesco Gonzaga | Mantua | Deacon of S. Maria Nuova  | 1461, December 18  | Pope Pius II | Bishop of Brixen

Ten electors were Italian, four Spaniards, four French and one Greek. Six were created by Pius II, six by Eugenius IV, four by Callixtus III and three by Nicholas V.

## Absentees

[edit]

Ten cardinals (over 1/3 of the whole Sacred College) did not participate in this conclave:[1]

Elector  | Nationality  | Cardinalatial Title  | Elevated  | Elevator  | Notes[2]

|
|
|
|
|

Pierre de Foix, O.F.M.  | French | Bishop of Albano | September, 1414  | Antipope John XXIII | Legate in Avignon; administrator of Lescar and Tarbes
Petrus von Schaumberg | German | Priest of S. Vitale  | 1439, December 18  | Pope Eugenius IV | Protopriest of the Sacred College of Cardinals; Bishop of Augsburg
Dénes Szécsi | Hungarian | Priest of S. Ciriaco  | 1439, December 18  | Pope Eugenius IV | Archbishop of Esztergom; Chancellor of the Kingdom of Hungary
Jean Rolin  | French | Priest of S. Stefano al Monte Celio  | 1448, December 20  | Pope Nicholas V | Bishop of Autun
Luis Juan del Mila y Borja | Catalan | Priest of SS. IV Coronati  | 1456, September 17  | Pope Callixtus III (Cardinal-nephew)  | Bishop of Lerida
Berardo Eroli | Narni | Priest of S. Sabina  | 1460, March 5  | Pope Pius II | Bishop of Spoleto; legate a latere in Perugia
Niccolò Fortiguerra | Pistoia | Priest of S. Cecilia  | 1460, March 5  | Pope Pius II (Cardinal-nephew)  | Bishop of Teano; Supreme Commander of Papal Fleet
Burchard of Weissbruch | German | Priest of SS. Nereo ed Achilleo  | 1460, March 5  | Pope Pius II | Archbishop of Salzburg
Jean Jouffroy, O.S.B.Cluny  | French | Priest of SS. Silvestro e Martino ai Monti  | 1461, December 18  | Pope Pius II | Bishop of Albi
Jaime Cardona | Catalan | Priest [no title assigned]  | 1461, December 18  | Pope Pius II | Bishop of Urgel

Of the absentee cardinals five were created by Pius II, two by Eugenius IV, one by Callixtus III and one by Nicholas V. Pierre de Foix was the last surviving cardinal of the Great Western Schism and was elevated by Pisan Antipope John XXIII.

Among them there were three French, two Italians, two Germans, two Spaniards and the one Hungarian.

## Candidates to the papacy

[edit]

Bessarion, d'Estouteville, Trevisan, Carvajal, Torquemada and Barbo were mentioned as main papabili in the contemporary reports of the ambassadors and envoys of Italian Princes. Also Calandrini, Roverella and Capranica were referred to as possible candidates.[3]

## The election of Pope Paul II

[edit]

On the evening of August 28 all cardinals present in Rome entered the conclave in the Vatican, with the exception of ill Cardinal Torquemada, who joined the rest on the following day.

Initially, in order to secure to the cardinals a greater share of power than they had enjoyed under Pius II, a capitulation was prepared the conclave capitulation, and all except Ludovico Trevisan subscribed to it. The terms of the capitulation were the following:

* continue the Crusades against the Ottoman Empire
* leave Rome only with the consent of the majority of cardinals; the Italian Peninsula with the consent of all
* college of Cardinals limited to 24
* new pope limited to one cardinal-nephew
* creation of cardinals or advancement of benefices required the consent of the college.[4]

The first scrutiny took place on August 30. Cardinal Pietro Barbo received eleven votes, while the remaining fell to Trevisan and d'Estouteville.[5] On the following accessus Barbo received three additional votes and was elected Pope.[5] He took the name Paul II,[6] and a little bit later protodeacon Rodrigo Borgia announced the election to the people of Rome with the ancient formula Habemus Papam. On September 6 the new pope was solemnly crowned on the steps of the patriarchal Vatican Basilica by Cardinal Niccolò Fortiguerra, priest of the title of S. Cecilia.[7]

## Notes

[edit]

1. ^ a b Miranda, Salvador. "Conclave of August 27 - 30, 1464 (Paul II)". The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church. Florida International University. OCLC 53276621. Retrieved 2019-06-02.
2. ^ a b Notes according to biographical entries of the respective cardinals on The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church: Consistories for the creation of Cardinals, 15th Century (1404-1492) by Salvador Miranda
3. ^ Ludwig von Pastor "History of the Popes vol. 4", London 1900, pp.5-6
4. ^ Burkle-Young, Francis A. "The election of Pope Paul II (1464)". Florida International University. Archived from the original on 4 January 2009.
5. ^ a b Francis Burkle-Young “Papal elections in the Fifteenth Century: the election of Paul II
6. ^ Cardinal Ammanati claimed that Barbo wished at first to be called Formosus ("Beautiful"), but the cardinals objected on the grounds that it might seen as allusion to his good looks. He then changed it to Mark, but cardinals objected again, because "Marco!" was the war-cry of the Republic of Venice. Finally he decided to take the name Paul (L. von Pastor "History of the Popes vol. 4", London 1900, p. 12). F. Bourkle-Young considers this anecdote untrue [1]
7. ^ Usually the rite of papal coronation was performed by Cardinal Protodeacon, but Rodrigo Borgia fell ill shortly after the election and was not able to do it. Cardinal Fortiguerra, who arrived to Rome when the election was already accomplished, acted as his substitute. L. von Pastor "History of the Popes vol. 4", London 1900, p. 18

## Sources

[edit]

* Ludwig von Pastor: "History of the popes vol. 4", London 1900
* Miranda, Salvador. "Conclave of August 27 - 30, 1464 (Paul II)". The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church. Florida International University. OCLC 53276621.
* Miranda, Salvador; Burkle-Young, Francis A. "Papal elections in the Fifteenth Century: the election of Paul II". The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church. Florida International University. OCLC 53276621.

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