1631 in science

Overview of the events of 1631 in science

List of years in science

(table)

* … 1621
* 1622
* 1623
* 1624
* 1625
* 1626
* 1627

* 1628
* 1629
* 1630
* 1631
* 1632
* 1633
* 1634

* 1635
* 1636
* 1637
* 1638
* 1639
* 1640
* 1641 …

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*   * Literature
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1631 in science

1630

1632

Fields

* Archaeology

Technology

* Sustainable energy research
* Transportation technology

Social sciences

* Psychology
* Governance and policy studies

Paleontology

* Dinosaurs' extinction

Extraterrestrial environment
Terrestrial environment

* Tornado research

Other/related

* Literature
* Timeline of cosmological theories
* List of open letters by academics
* History of technology by type
* List of science timelines

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The year 1631 in science and technology involved some significant events.

## Astronomy

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* November 7 – Using Kepler's predictions of planetary transits made in 1630, Pierre Gassendi makes the first recorded observation of the transit of Mercury. The observed size of Mercury's disc is significantly smaller than had been expected from Ptolemaic theory.

## Geology

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* December 16 – Volcanic eruption of Mount Vesuvius for the only time this century.

## Mathematics

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* William Oughtred publishes Clavis Mathematicae, introducing the multiplication sign (×) and proportion sign (::).[1][2]
* Some of Thomas Harriot's writings on algebra are published posthumously as Artis Analyticae Praxis.

## Technology

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* Earliest known bentside spinet, made by Hieronymus de Zentis.[3]

## Births

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* approx. date
* William Ball, English astronomer (died 1690)
* Richard Lower, English physician, performs first direct blood transfusion (died 1691)

## Deaths

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* October 20 – Michael Maestlin, German astronomer and mathematician (born 1550)
* October 26 – Catherine de Parthenay, French noblewoman and mathematician (b. 1554)
* December 10 – Sir Hugh Myddelton, Welsh-born goldsmith and hydraulic engineer (born c. 1560)

## References

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1. ^ Cajori, Florian (1919). A History of Mathematics. Macmillan. p. 157. "cajori william-oughtred multiplication."
2. ^ Pycior, Helena Mary (1997). Symbols, Impossible Numbers, and Geometric Entanglements: British Algebra through the Commentaries on Newton's Universal Arithmetick. p. 48\. ISBN 0-521-48124-4.
3. ^ Hubbard, Frank (1967).

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