16 Virginis

Star in the constellation Virgo

16 Virginis  Observation data
Epoch J2000.0      Equinox J2000.0 (ICRS)

Constellation | Virgo
Right ascension | 12h 20m 20.98133s[1]
Declination | +03° 18′ 45.2604″[1]
Apparent magnitude (V) | 4.96[2]
Characteristics
Spectral type | K0.5 IIIb Fe−0.5[3]
B−V color index | 1.16[2]
Astrometry
Radial velocity (Rv)| +36.66±0.17[4] km/s
Proper motion (μ)|  RA: −292.95[1] mas/yr
Dec.: −63.58[1] mas/yr
Parallax (π)| 10.59±0.25 mas[1]
Distance| 308 ± 7 ly
(94 ± 2 pc)
Absolute magnitude (MV)| 0.26[5]
Details
Mass| 1.62[2] M☉
Radius| 18[6] R☉
Luminosity| 131.8[2] L☉
Surface gravity (log g)| 2.20[7] cgs
Temperature| 4,423±32[2] K
Metallicity [Fe/H]| −0.33[7] dex
Age| 3.22[2] Gyr
Other designations
c Vir, 16 Vir, NSV 5558, BD+04°2604, HD 107328, HIP 60172, HR 4695, SAO 119341[8]
Database references
SIMBAD| data

16 Virginis is a single[9] star in the zodiac constellation of Virgo, located about 308[1] light years from the Sun. It has the Bayer designation c Virginis; 16 Virginis is the Flamsteed designation. This object is visible to the naked eye as a faint, orange-hued star with an apparent visual magnitude of 4.96.[2] This is an IAU radial velocity standard star;[10] it is moving further from the Earth with a heliocentric radial velocity of +37 km/s.[4] The star has a relatively high proper motion, traversing the celestial sphere at an angular rate of 0.301″ per year.[11]

In Chinese astronomy, 16 Virginis is called 謁者, Pinyin: Yèzhě, meaning Usher to the Court, because this star is marking itself and stand alone in Usher to the Court asterism, Supreme Palace enclosure mansion (see : Chinese constellation).[12]

This is an evolved K-type giant star with a stellar classification of K0.5 IIIb Fe−0.5,[3] where the suffix notation denotes a mild underabundance of iron in the spectrum. It is a red clump giant, which indicates is on the horizontal branch generating energy via helium fusion at its core.[13] The interferometry-measured angular diameter of this star, after correcting for limb darkening, is 1.74±0.02 mas,[14] which, at its estimated distance, equates to a physical radius of about 18 times the radius of the Sun.[6] It is about three[2] billion years old with 1.62[2] times the mass of the Sun and is radiating 132[2] times the Sun's luminosity from its enlarged photosphere at an effective temperature of 4,423 K.[2]

## References

[edit]

1. ^ a b c d e f van Leeuwen, F. (2007), "Validation of the new Hipparcos reduction", Astronomy and Astrophysics, 474 (2): 653–664, arXiv:0708.1752, Bibcode:2007A&A...474..653V, doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20078357, S2CID 18759600.
2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Luck, R. Earle (2015), "Abundances in the Local Region. I. G and K Giants", Astronomical Journal, 150 (3), 88, arXiv:1507.01466, Bibcode:2015AJ....150...88L, doi:10.1088/0004-6256/150/3/88, S2CID 118505114.
3. ^ a b Keenan, Philip C.; McNeil, Raymond C. (1989), "The Perkins catalog of revised MK types for the cooler stars", Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, 71: 245, Bibcode:1989ApJS...71..245K, doi:10.1086/191373.
4. ^ a b Brown, A. G. A.; et al. (Gaia collaboration) (August 2018). "Gaia Data Release 2: Summary of the contents and survey properties". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 616. A1. arXiv:1804.09365. Bibcode:2018A&A...616A...1G. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201833051. Gaia DR2 record for this source at VizieR.
5. ^ Cardini, D. (January 2005), "Mg II chromospheric radiative loss rates in cool active and quiet stars", Astronomy and Astrophysics, 430: 303–311, arXiv:astro-ph/0409683, Bibcode:2005A&A...430..303C, doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20041440, S2CID 12136256.
6. ^ a b Lang, Kenneth R. (2006), Astrophysical formulae, Astronomy and astrophysics library, vol. 1 (3rd ed.), Birkhäuser, ISBN 3-540-29692-1. The radius (R*) is given by:

2 ⋅ R ∗ = ( 10 − 3 ⋅ 94.4 ⋅ 1.74 )   AU 0.0046491   AU / R ⨀ ≈ 35.3 ⋅ R ⨀ {\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}2\cdot R_{*}&={\frac {(10^{-3}\cdot 94.4\cdot 1.74)\ {\text{AU}}}{0.0046491\ {\text{AU}}/R_{\bigodot }}}\\\&\approx 35.3\cdot R_{\bigodot }\end{aligned}}}
7. ^ a b Jofré, P.; et al. (2014), "Gaia FGK benchmark stars: Metallicity", Astronomy and Astrophysics, 564: A133, arXiv:1309.1099, Bibcode:2014A&A...564A.133J, doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201322440, S2CID 119241541.
8. ^ "c Vir". SIMBAD. Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg. Retrieved 2019-02-10.
9. ^ Eggleton, P. P.; Tokovinin, A. A. (September 2008), "A catalogue of multiplicity among bright stellar systems", Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 389 (2): 869–879, arXiv:0806.2878, Bibcode:2008MNRAS.389..869E, doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.13596.x, S2CID 14878976.
10. ^ Batten, A. H.; Crampton, D.; Fletcher, J. M.; Morbey, C. L. (1971), "Wavelength Standards for the Measurement of Radial Velocities", Publications of the Dominion Astrophysical Observatory, 13: 441, Bibcode:1971PDAO...13..441B.
11. ^ Lépine, Sébastien; Shara, Michael M. (March 2005), "A Catalog of Northern Stars with Annual Proper Motions Larger than 0.15" (LSPM-NORTH Catalog)", The Astronomical Journal, 129 (3): 1483–1522, arXiv:astro-ph/0412070, Bibcode:2005AJ....129.1483L, doi:10.1086/427854, S2CID 2603568.
12. ^ Ridpath, Ian, "Virgo the Virgin", Startales.
13. ^ Alves, David R. (August 2000), "K-Band Calibration of the Red Clump Luminosity", The Astrophysical Journal, 539 (2): 732–741, arXiv:astro-ph/0003329, Bibcode:2000ApJ...539..732A, doi:10.1086/309278, S2CID 16673121.
14. ^ Richichi, A.; Percheron, I.; Khristoforova, M. (February 2005), "CHARM2: An updated Catalog of High Angular Resolution Measurements", Astronomy and Astrophysics, 431 (2): 773–777, Bibcode:2005A&A...431..773R, doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20042039.

* v
* t
* e

Constellation of Virgo

* List of stars in Virgo

Stars|

| Bayer|

* α (Spica)
* β (Zavijava)
* γ (Porrima)
* δ (Minelauva)
* ε (Vindemiatrix)
* ζ (Heze)
* η (Zaniah)
* θ
* ι (Syrma)
* κ (Kang)
* λ (Khambalia)
* μ
* ν
* ξ
* ο
* π
* ρ
* σ
* τ
* υ
* φ (Elgafar)
* χ
* ψ
* ω

|

Flamsteed|

* 4 (A1)
* 6 (A2)
* 7 (b)
* 10
* 11
* 12
* 13
* 14
* 16 (c)
* 17
* 20
* 21 (q)
* 25 (f)
* 27
* 28
* 31 (d1)
* 32 (d2)
* 33
* 34
* 35
* 37
* 38
* 39
* 41
* 44 (k)
* 46
* 48
* 49
* 50
* 53
* 54
* 55
* 56
* 57
* 58
* 59 (e)
* 61
* 62
* 63
* 64
* 65
* 66
* 68 (i)
* 69
* 70
* 71
* 72
* 73
* 74 (l)
* 75
* 76 (h)
* 77
* 78 (o)
* 80
* 81
* 82 (m)
* 83
* 84
* 85
* 86
* 87
* 88
* 89
* 90 (p)
* 92
* 94
* 95
* 96
* 97
* 103
* 104
* 106
* 108
* 109
* 110
* 1 Ser (M Ser)
* 2 Ser

Variable|

* R
* S
* W
* RT
* SS
* SW
* AG
* AH
* BH
* CS
* CU
* EQ
* ET
* FG
* GL
* GW
* HW
* NY
* QS

HR|

* 4587
* 5183
* 5384

HD|

* 102195 (Flegetonte)
* 106252
* 106315
* 106515
* 107148
* 109271
* 114783
* 125612
* 126614
* 130322 (Mönch)
* 133600

Other|

* Gliese 486 (Gar)
* Gliese 514
* HAT-P-26 (Guahayona)
* HAT-P-27
* HE 1219-0312
* K2-19
* K2-229
* PSR B1257+12 (Lich)
* Qatar-2
* Ross 128
* Ross 458
* SDSS J1229+1122
* ULAS J133553.45+113005.2
* WASP-16
* WASP-24
* WASP-37
* WASP-39 (Malmok)
* WASP-54
* WASP-55
* WD 1145+017
* Wolf 424
* Wolf 489

| Exoplanets|

* 38 Virginis b
* 61 Virginis b
* c
* 70 Virginis b
* Gliese 504 b
* Gliese 536 b
* HD 102195 b (Lete)
* HD 106252 b
* HD 107148 b
* HD 114783 b
* HD 125612 b
* c
* d
* HD 126614 Ab
* HD 130322 b (Eiger)
* HR 5183 b
* K2-137b
* K2-229b
* KELT-21b
* PSR B1257+12 A (Draugr)
* B (Poltergeist)
* C (Phobetor)
* Ross 128 b
* WASP-16b
* WASP-24b
* WASP-39b (Bocaprins)
* WASP-85 Ab
* WASP-107b
* WD 1145+017 b

|

| Star clusters|

* HVGC-1
* Koposov 1
* NGC 5634

|

| Nebulae|

* Abell 36

|

Galaxies|

| Messier|

* 49
* 58
* 59
* 60
* 61
* 84
* 86
* 87
* 89
* 90
* 104 (Sombrero Galaxy)

|

NGC|

* 3776
* 3817
* 3818
* 3833
* 3843
* 3848
* 3852
* 3914
* 3915
* 4030
* 4123
* 4129
* 4178
* 4179
* 4197
* 4200
* 4206
* 4207
* 4216
* 4246
* 4252
* 4260
* 4261
* 4267
* 4273
* 4294
* 4296
* 4297
* 4299
* 4301
* 4305
* 4306
* 4307
* 4309
* 4313
* 4316
* 4318
* 4320
* 4324
* 4325
* 4326
* 4330
* 4333
* 4343
* 4365
* 4368
* 4380
* 4388
* 4402
* 4420
* 4424
* 4429
* 4436
* 4440
* 4451
* 4452
* 4454
* 4457
* 4458
* 4461
* 4464
* 4466
* 4467
* 4469
* 4470
* 4476
* 4478
* 4482
* 4483
* 4487
* 4488
* 4491
* 4492
* 4496
* 4497
* 4503
* 4504
* 4517
* 4519
* 4522
* 4526
* 4527
* 4528
* 4531
* 4535
* 4536
* 4544
* 4546
* 4550
* 4551
* 4564
* 4567
* 4568
* 4570
* 4578
* 4580
* 4586
* 4593
* 4596
* 4598
* 4606
* 4607
* 4608
* 4612
* 4620
* 4623
* 4630
* 4632
* 4636
* 4637
* 4638
* 4639
* 4643
* 4647 (Arp 116)
* 4654
* 4658
* 4660
* 4664
* 4666
* 4674
* 4680
* 4691
* 4694
* 4697
* 4698
* 4699
* 4700
* 4701
* 4713
* 4731
* 4733
* 4734
* 4746
* 4753
* 4754
* 4762
* 4772
* 4775
* 4777
* 4780
* 4781
* 4790
* 4818
* 4825
* 4845
* 4856
* 4866
* 4900
* 4902
* 4918
* 4939
* 4941
* 4958
* 4984
* 4991
* 4995
* 4999
* 5006
* 5010
* 5018
* 5030
* 5050
* 5054
* 5068
* 5084
* 5087
* 5170
* 5174
* 5177
* 5235
* 5247
* 5252
* 5300
* 5331
* 5334
* 5335
* 5343
* 5363
* 5364
* 5384
* 5468
* 5470
* 5501
* 5506
* 5555
* 5566
* 5575
* 5584
* 5619
* 5668
* 5679
* 5701
* 5705
* 5713
* 5719
* 5746
* 5750
* 5765
* 5774
* 5775
* 5806
* 5838
* 5846
* 5850

Other|

* A1689-zD1
* Abell 1835 IR1916
* Arp 240 (NGC 5257 and NGC 5258)
* Arp 271 (NGC 5426 and NGC 5427)
* 3C 273
* 3C 279
* 4C 03.24
* Eyes Galaxies
* GR 8
* Hedgehog
* IC 1011
* IC 1101
* IC 3078
* IC 3430
* IC 3583
* IRAS 12112+0305
* LEDA 1245565
* M60-UCD1
* PKS 1148-001
* PKS 1302–102
* PKS 1335−127
* PKS 1402+044

| Galaxy clusters|

* Abell 1689
* Abell 1835
* Abell 2029
* Abell 2147
* IRAS 13218+0552
* RX J1347.5−1145
* Virgo Cluster

|

| Astronomical events|

* North Polar Spur
* SN 1990N
* SN 1994D
* SN 2002cx
* SN 2007bi
* SN 2020jfo
* U1.11

|

Category

Horizontal-branch stars
*[RA:]: Right Ascension
*[Dec.:]: Declination
*[v]: View this template
*[t]: Discuss this template
*[e]: Edit this template