1749 in Canada

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
Find sources: "1749 in Canada" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (September 2023) (Learn how and when to remove this message)

|

* 1748
* 1747
* 1746
*   *

| 1749

Canada |

* 1750
* 1751
* 1752
*   *

|
|
|

Decades:|

* 1720s
* 1730s
* 1740s
* 1750s
* 1760s

See also:|

* History of Canada
* Timeline of Canadian history
* List of years in Canada

Part of a series on the

History of Canada

Benjamin West's The Death of General Wolfe

* * *

Timeline (list)

* Pre-colonization
* 1534–1763
* 1764–1867
* 1867–1914
* 1914–1945
* 1945–1960
* 1960–1981
* 1982–present

Significant

* Events
* Sites
* People

Topics

* Agricultural
* Cultural
* Constitutional
* Economic
* Former colonies
* Immigration
* Indigenous
* Medicine
* Military
* Monarchical
* Peacekeeping
* Population
* Sports
* Religion
* Territorial evolution

* Women

Provinces

* Alberta
* British Columbia
* Manitoba
* New Brunswick
* Newfoundland and Labrador
* Nunavut
* Northwest Territories
* Nova Scotia
* Ontario
* Prince Edward Island
* Quebec
* Saskatchewan
* Yukon

Cities

* Brampton
* Charlottetown
* Edmonton
* Fredericton
* Halifax
* Hamilton
* Lethbridge
* Markham
* Moncton
* Montreal
* Northwest Territories capital cities
* Ottawa
* Quebec City
* Saint John
* Regina
* Richmond Hill
* Saskatoon
* Toronto
* Vancouver
* Winnipeg
* (Name etymologies)

Research

* Bibliography
* Historiography
* Historians
* Studies
* Surveys

* Canada portal

* v
* t
* e

Events from the year 1749 in Canada.

## Incumbents

[edit]

* French Monarch: Louis XV[1]
* British and Irish Monarch: George II[2]

### Governors

[edit]

* Governor General of New France: Roland-Michel Barrin de La Galissonière then Jacques-Pierre de Taffanel de la Jonquière, Marquis de la Jonquière
* Colonial Governor of Louisiana: Pierre de Rigaud, Marquis de Vaudreuil-Cavagnial
* Governor of Nova Scotia: Edward Cornwallis
* Commodore-Governor of Newfoundland: George Brydges Rodney

## Events

[edit]

* Halifax, capital of Nova Scotia, is founded by British General Edward Cornwallis to counter French presence at Louisbourg.
* La Vérendrye was awarded the cross of Saint Louis, in honour of his career.
* French agricultural settlement established in what would become Windsor, Ontario.

## Births

[edit]

### Full date unknown

[edit]

* Joel Stone, founder of Gananoque, Ontario (died 1833)

## Deaths

[edit]

* December 5 - Pierre Gaultier de Varennes, sieur de La Vérendrye, French Canadian military officer, fur trader and explorer (born 1685).

## Historical documents

[edit]

Brief rundown of religious orders in Canada and "the duties of their ministries" in healthcare and education[3]

European visitor describes the character of French Canadian women[4]

From Quebec City, Pehr Kalm writes to Benjamin Franklin about impressive welcome given Marquis de la Jonquière, new Governor General[5]

Upper class lady says priests have ordered Ladies of the Holy Family who caused scandal over dancing to do penance[6]

Madame Bégon quotes someone as saying it's "foolish to remain in a country where all of the money goes towards keeping oneself warm"[7]

Ambassador to France to "make remonstrances" about Canadians trying to move into Saint John River lands and debauch Six Nations prisoners[8]

Decision to "settle and fortify" Nova Scotia based on need to counter Louisbourg, and for trade and fishery[9]

Notice to recently discharged war veterans, plus tradesmen and surgeons, to take up land, arms, tools and one year's subsistence in Nova Scotia[10]

Settler describes voyage, arrival and establishment of hundreds of settlers under Gov. Cornwallis at Chebucto[11]

Cornwallis promises Acadians can still exercise their religion and keep their lands if they take oath of allegiance and obey orders[12]

Nova Scotia Council unanimously rejects Acadian request for exemption from wartime service and sets mid-October deadline for oath-taking[13]

Acadians forbidden to sell or take property if they chose to leave and will lose possessions and rights if they miss oath deadline[14]

"We are resolved, everyone of us, to leave the country" - Strong emotion revealed in Acadian plea to live under old oath's terms[15]

Leaders of First Nations in Chignecto and on Saint John River renew Peace and Friendship Treaty of 1725[16]

Canadians and Indigenous people "have made some small appearances to intimidate our new settlers" in Minas, Chignecto and Chebucto[17]

More troops needed, what with "a number of Indians a declared Enemy" and "Accadians certainly more Friends to the French than us"[18]

"I [lack] any sanguine Expectation as to the Success of this New Colony" - In a word, hostilities (Note: scalping described)[19]

"Far exceeds any idea I could possibly have of it" - Newcomer very pleased with climate, soil, game and leadership of Halifax[20]

Illustration of Halifax, drawn from high up on ship's mast (Note: gallows depicted)[21]

French evidence of British policy of new settlement in Nova Scotia breaking agreement with France to fix its borders (Note: "savages" used)[22]

Annapolis Royal houses burned to better protect fort, but "Soldiers [who] cannot be kept within due Bounds" burn too many of them[23]

Description of Indigenous people in Nova Scotia includes story involving Chief Membertou (Note: racial stereotypes)[24]

Indigenous hunting season in what is now Nova Scotia ranges from elk to sea wolf to eggs of turtles and birds[25]

Hudson's Bay Company undercuts its trade by making Indigenous people come to Bay posts and offering worse deals than French do[26]

Ending Hudson's Bay Company's monopoly on trade in territory it claims could increase British exports from £3,600 to £200,000 annually[27]

Explorer describes clues on Hudson Bay that indicate nearness of "western sea" and existence of Northwest Passage[28]

## References

[edit]

1. ^ Guéganic (2008), p. 13.
2. ^ "George I". Official web site of the British monarchy. 30 December 2015. Retrieved 18 April 2016.
3. ^ "Memorandum of instructions to Sieur de La Jonquière" (translation; April 30, 1749), France Archives nationales. Accessed 19 July 2021
4. ^ Pehr Kalm, Travels into North America; Vol. III (London, 1771), pgs. 55-7. (See brief remark on prostitutes and Kalm's description of Quebec City convent) Accessed 7 October 2017
5. ^ "To Benjamin Franklin from Peter Kalm, 6 August 1749" U.S. National Archives. Accessed 23 November 2021
6. ^ Élisabeth Rocbert de la Morandière, dite Madame Bégon, March 6, 1749 letter excerpt Archives nationales du Québec. Accessed 15 November 2021
7. ^ Élisabeth Rocbert de la Morandière, dite Madame Bégon, April 27, 1749 letter excerpt Archives nationales du Québec. Accessed 15 November 2021
8. ^ "Bedford to Albemarle" (August 17, 1749), British Diplomatic Instructions; 1689-1789; Volume VII, France, Part IV, 1745-1789, pg. 7. Accessed 15 November 2021
9. ^ John Entick et al., "Cape Breton having been given back" The General History of the Late War; Vol. I (1763), pgs. 16-17. Accessed 1 December 2021
10. ^ "Proposals" (March 7, 1748-9), A Genuine Account of Nova Scotia[...]to which is Added[...]Proposals, as an Encouragement to those who are willing to settle there, pgs. 12-14. Accessed 8 November 2021 (See details and comments on this settlement plan)
11. ^ Settler's letter (July 28, 1749), quoted in French Policy Defeated (1755), pg. 30ff. Accessed 17 November 2021
12. ^ "A Declaration" (Govr. Cornwallis' Letter Book; July 14, 1749), Nova Scotia Archives; Acadian French, pgs. 165-6. (See also Council decision to require oath without reservation) Accessed 18 November 2021
13. ^ "Minutes of a Council held on board The Beaufort" (July 31, 1749), Nova Scotia Documents; Acadian French, pgs. 168-9. Accessed 18 November 2021
14. ^ Council meeting (August 1, 1749), Nova Scotia Documents; Acadian French, pg. 170. Accessed 18 November 2021
15. ^ Council meeting (September 6, 1749), Nova Scotia Documents; Acadian French, pg. 170. (See Cornwallis's stern reply) Accessed 18 November 2021
16. ^ 1749 Renewal at Chebucto of the Treaty of 1725 (August 15, 1749), Nova Scotia Archives. (See also ratification signed on September 4, 1749) Accessed 19 November 2021
17. ^ William Douglass, "the French Coureurs des Bois and their Indians" A Summary, Historical and Political, of the[...]British Settlements in North-America; Vol. II, pg. 7. (See report of one attack) Accessed 17 November 2021
18. ^ "Colonel Edward Cornwallis to Robert Napier" (December 6, 1749), Military Affairs in North America; 1748-1765 (1936), pgs. 8-9 (PDF pgs. 44-5). Accessed 19 November 2021
19. ^ John Wilson, "In a Word" A Genuine Narrative of the Transactions in Nova Scotia, Since the Settlement, June 1749[....], pgs. 9-21. Accessed 16 November 2021
20. ^ "Extract of a letter from Chebucto harbour, Nova Scotia, August 17" Historical Chronicle, October 1749. Accessed 15 November 2021
21. ^ "A View of Halifax Drawn from ye Topmasthead" (published January 25, 1750), Nova Scotia Archives. Accessed 19 November 2021
22. ^ "It was immediately upon the Back of this Peace" A Memorial Containing A summary View of Facts[...]in Answer to The Observations [of] the English Ministry[...]; Translated from the French (1757), pgs. 3-5ff. Accessed 16 November 2021
23. ^ Council minutes (January 24, 1748/9), Nova Scotia Archives; Minutes of H.M. Council, 1736-1749, pgs. 99-100. Accessed 18 November 2021
24. ^ "The Indian Natives of the Peninsula" A Geographical History of Nova Scotia (1749), pgs. 42-53. Accessed 16 November 2021
25. ^ A Geographical History of Nova Scotia (1749), pgs. 48-9, 98-9. Accessed 11 January 2021
26. ^ "Report from the Committee on the State of The Hudson's Bay Company" (April 24, 1749), pgs. 216, 217-19, 223, 226, 229, 231-4. Accessed 5 January 2021
27. ^ A Short State of the Countries and Trade of North America Claimed by the Hudson's Bay Company (1749). (See rundown of several arguments against HBC) Accessed 16 November 2021
28. ^ Henry Ellis, "The Third Part: Comprehending, Such Arguments(...)as serve to shew the great Probability of a Passage by the North West(...)" A Voyage to Hudson's-Bay, by the Dobbs Galley and California, In the Years 1746 and 1747[....] (1749), pgs. 136-47. Accessed 11 January 2021

* v
* t
* e

History of Canada

Year list
(Timeline)|

* 18000 BCE–1500 CE
* 1534–1763
* 1763–1867
* 1867–1914
* 1914–1945
* 1945–1960
* 1960–1981
* 1982–present

Topics|

* Canadians \- (Persons of significance)
* Constitutional
* Crown and Indigenous peoples
* Cultural
* Economic
* Etymology
* Events of significance
* Former colonies and territories
* Heritage Minutes
* Historic Sites
* Immigration
* Chinese immigration
* Military
* Operations
* Peacekeeping
* Monarchical
* Population history
* Sports
* Territorial evolution
* Women

Provinces
and territories|

* Alberta
* British Columbia
* Manitoba
* Ontario
* New Brunswick
* Newfoundland and Labrador
* Northwest Territories
* Nova Scotia
* Nunavut
* Quebec
* Prince Edward Island
* Saskatchewan
* Yukon
* (Name etymologies)

Cities|

* Brampton
* Charlottetown
* Edmonton
* Fredericton
* Halifax
* Hamilton
* Lethbridge
* Markham
* Moncton
* Montreal
* Northwest Territories capital cities
* Ottawa
* Quebec City
* Saint John
* Regina
* Richmond Hill
* Saskatoon
* Toronto
* Vancouver
* Winnipeg
* (Name etymologies)

Research|

* Bibliography
* Historiography
* Historians
* Surveys

* Category
* Canada portal

* v
* t
* e

List of years in Canada

Pre-Confederation
Prehistory–1866|

* Prehistory to 1 BC
* 1st millennium
* 1000s
* 1100s
* 1400s
* 1500s
* 1600s
* 1610s
* 1620s
* 1630s
* 1640s
* 1650s
* 1660s
* 1670s
* 1680s
* 1690s
* 1700
* 1701
* 1702
* 1703
* 1704
* 1705
* 1706
* 1707
* 1708
* 1709
* 1710
* 1711
* 1712
* 1713
* 1714
* 1715
* 1716
* 1717
* 1718
* 1719
* 1720
* 1721
* 1722
* 1723
* 1724
* 1725
* 1726
* 1727
* 1728
* 1729
* 1730
* 1731
* 1732
* 1733
* 1734
* 1735
* 1736
* 1737
* 1738
* 1739
* 1740
* 1741
* 1742
* 1743
* 1744
* 1745
* 1746
* 1747
* 1748
* 1749
* 1750
* 1751
* 1752
* 1753
* 1754
* 1755
* 1756
* 1757
* 1758
* 1759
* 1760
* 1761
* 1762
* 1763
* 1764
* 1765
* 1766
* 1767
* 1768
* 1769
* 1770
* 1771
* 1772
* 1773
* 1774
* 1775
* 1776
* 1777
* 1778
* 1779
* 1780
* 1781
* 1782
* 1783
* 1784
* 1785
* 1786
* 1787
* 1788
* 1789
* 1790
* 1791
* 1792
* 1793
* 1794
* 1795
* 1796
* 1797
* 1798
* 1799
* 1800
* 1801
* 1802
* 1803
* 1804
* 1805
* 1806
* 1807
* 1808
* 1809
* 1810
* 1811
* 1812
* 1813
* 1814
* 1815
* 1816
* 1817
* 1818
* 1819
* 1820
* 1821
* 1822
* 1823
* 1824
* 1825
* 1826
* 1827
* 1828
* 1829
* 1830
* 1831
* 1832
* 1833
* 1834
* 1835
* 1836
* 1837
* 1838
* 1839
* 1840
* 1841
* 1842
* 1843
* 1844
* 1845
* 1846
* 1847
* 1848
* 1849
* 1850
* 1851
* 1852
* 1853
* 1854
* 1855
* 1856
* 1857
* 1858
* 1859
* 1860
* 1861
* 1862
* 1863
* 1864
* 1865
* 1866

Post-Confederation
1867–present|

* 1867
* 1868
* 1869
* 1870
* 1871
* 1872
* 1873
* 1874
* 1875
* 1876
* 1877
* 1878
* 1879
* 1880
* 1881
* 1882
* 1883
* 1884
* 1885
* 1886
* 1887
* 1888
* 1889
* 1890
* 1891
* 1892
* 1893
* 1894
* 1895
* 1896
* 1897
* 1898
* 1899
* 1900
* 1901
* 1902
* 1903
* 1904
* 1905
* 1906
* 1907
* 1908
* 1909
* 1910
* 1911
* 1912
* 1913
* 1914
* 1915
* 1916
* 1917
* 1918
* 1919
* 1920
* 1921
* 1922
* 1923
* 1924
* 1925
* 1926
* 1927
* 1928
* 1929
* 1930
* 1931
* 1932
* 1933
* 1934
* 1935
* 1936
* 1937
* 1938
* 1939
* 1940
* 1941
* 1942
* 1943
* 1944
* 1945
* 1946
* 1947
* 1948
* 1949
* 1950
* 1951
* 1952
* 1953
* 1954
* 1955
* 1956
* 1957
* 1958
* 1959
* 1960
* 1961
* 1962
* 1963
* 1964
* 1965
* 1966
* 1967
* 1968
* 1969
* 1970
* 1971
* 1972
* 1973
* 1974
* 1975
* 1976
* 1977
* 1978
* 1979
* 1980
* 1981
* 1982
* 1983
* 1984
* 1985
* 1986
* 1987
* 1988
* 1989
* 1990
* 1991
* 1992
* 1993
* 1994
* 1995
* 1996
* 1997
* 1998
* 1999
* 2000
* 2001
* 2002
* 2003
* 2004
* 2005
* 2006
* 2007
* 2008
* 2009
* 2010
* 2011
* 2012
* 2013
* 2014
* 2015
* 2016
* 2017
* 2018
* 2019
* 2020
* 2021
* 2022
* 2023
* 2024

Quebec|

* 1608
* 1609
* 1610
* 1611
* 1612
* 1613
* 1614
* 1615
* 1616
* 1617
* 1618
* 1635

Canadian electoral
calendars|

* 2004
* 2005
* 2006
* 2007
* 2008
* 2009
* 2010
* 2011
* 2012
* 2013
* 2014
* 2015
* 2016
* 2017
* 2018
* 2019
* 2020
* 2021
* 2022
* 2023
* 2024

Related|

* List of Canadian monarchs
* List of governors general of Canada
* List of prime ministers of Canada
* Population of Canada by year
* Timeline

Research|

* Bibliography
* Historiography

* Category
* Canada portal

* v
* t
* e

1749 in North America

Sovereign states|

* Antigua and Barbuda
* Bahamas
* Barbados
* Belize
* Canada
* Costa Rica
* Cuba
* Dominica
* Dominican Republic
* El Salvador
* Grenada
* Guatemala
* Haiti
* Honduras
* Jamaica
* Mexico
* Nicaragua
* Panama
* Saint Kitts and Nevis
* Saint Lucia
* Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
* Trinidad and Tobago
* United States

Dependencies and
other territories

* Anguilla
* Aruba
* Bermuda
* Bonaire
* British Virgin Islands
* Cayman Islands
* Curaçao
* Greenland
* Guadeloupe
* Martinique
* Montserrat
* Puerto Rico
* Saint Barthélemy
* Saint Martin
* Saint Pierre and Miquelon
* Saba
* Sint Eustatius
* Sint Maarten
* Turks and Caicos Islands
* United States Virgin Islands

*[v]: View this template
*[t]: Discuss this template
*[e]: Edit this template