1812–13 United States Senate elections

* * *

| ← 1810 & 1811 | Dates vary by state | 1814 & 1815 →

|
|

* * *

12 of the 36 seats in the United States Senate (plus special elections)
19 seats needed for a majority
|   | Majority party  | Minority party

|
|

|  |
Party  | Democratic-Republican | Federalist
Last election  | 27 seats | 7 seats
Seats before  | 30 | 6
Seats won  | 8 | 4
Seats after  | 28 | 8
Seat change  |  2  |  2
Seats up  | 10  | 2

* * *

Results:
Federalist hold      Federalist gain
Dem-Republican hold      Dem-Republican gain
Legislature Failed To Elect

* * *

| Majority Party before election

Democratic-Republican

| Elected Majority Party

Democratic-Republican

|

The 1812–13 United States Senate elections were held on various dates in various states, coinciding with President James Madison's re-election. As these U.S. Senate elections were prior to the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913, senators were chosen by state legislatures. Senators were elected over a wide range of time throughout 1812 and 1813, and a seat may have been filled months late or remained vacant due to legislative deadlock.[1] In these elections, terms were up for the senators in Class 3.

The Democratic-Republican Party lost two seats but still retained an overwhelming Senate majority. As in recent elections, the minority Federalists had gone into the elections with such a small share of Senate seats (6 out of 36, or 16.7%) that if they had won every one of the elections, they would still not have controlled a majority.

## Change in composition

[edit]

### Before the elections

[edit]

Composition after September 1812 elections in the new state of Louisiana.

DR8 | DR7 | DR6 | DR5 | DR4 | DR3 | DR2 | DR1

|
|
|
|
|
|
|

DR9 | DR10 | DR11 | DR12 | DR13 | DR14 | DR15 | DR16 | DR17 | DR18
Majority → | DR19
DR28
Pa.
Retired | DR27
Ohio
Retired | DR26
N.C.
Retired | DR25
Ky.
Retired | DR24
Md.
Unknown | DR23
La.
Unknown | DR22
S.C.
Ran | DR21
N.Y.
Ran | DR20
Ga.
Ran
DR29
Vt.
Retired | F7
N.H.
Ran | F6
Conn.
Ran | F5 | F4 | F3 | F2 | F1

### Result of the regular elections

[edit]

DR8 | DR7 | DR6 | DR5 | DR4 | DR3 | DR2 | DR1

|
|
|
|
|
|
|

DR9 | DR10 | DR11 | DR12 | DR13 | DR14 | DR15 | DR16 | DR17 | DR18
Majority → | DR19

Md.
DR Loss | DR27
S.C.
Re-elected | DR26
Ga.
Re-elected | DR25
Vt.
Hold | DR24
Pa.
Hold | DR23
Ohio
Hold | DR22
N.C.
Hold | DR21
La.
Hold | DR20
Ky.
Hold

N.H.
F Loss | F6
N.Y.
Gain | F5
Conn.
Re-elected | F5 | F4 | F3 | F2 | F1
Key:  |  | DR# | Democratic-Republican

|

F# | Federalist
V# | Vacant

## Race summaries

[edit]

### Special elections during the 12th Congress

[edit]

In these special elections, the winners were seated during 1812 or before March 4, 1813; ordered by election date.

State  | Incumbent  | Results  | Candidates

|
|
|

Senator  | Party  | Electoral history
Louisiana
(Class 2)  | None (new state)  | Louisiana was admitted to the Union on April 30, 1812.
Inaugural senator elected September 3, 1812.
Democratic-Republican gain. |

* ▌Y Jean Destréhan (Democratic-Republican) 21
* ▌Y Allan Magruder (Democratic-Republican) 21
* ▌James Brown (Democratic-Republican) 16
* ▌Eligius Fromentin (Democratic-Republican) 5
* ▌Livingston (Unknown) 3[2]

Louisiana
(Class 3)  | None (new state)  | Louisiana was admitted to the Union on April 30, 1812.
Inaugural senator elected September 3, 1812.
Democratic-Republican gain.
Louisiana
(Class 2)  | Thomas Posey | Democratic-
Republican  | 1812 (appointed) | Jean Destréhan had resigned October 1, 1812 without having qualified.
Interim successor appointed October 8, 1812.
Interim appointee lost election.
New senator elected February 4, 1813 on the second ballot.
Democratic-Republican hold.  |

* ▌Y James Brown (Democratic-Republican) 26
* ▌Thomas Posey (Democratic-Republican) 14
* ▌Fulwar Skipwith (Unknown) Eliminated[3]

### Races leading to the 13th Congress

[edit]

In these regular elections, the winner was seated on March 4, 1813 (except where noted due to late election); ordered by state.

All of the elections involved the Class 3 seats.

State  | Incumbent  | Results  | Candidates

|
|
|

Senator  | Party  | Electoral
history
Connecticut | Chauncey Goodrich | Federalist  | 1807 (special) | Incumbent re-elected in 1813.  |

* ▌Y Chauncey Goodrich (Federalist)
* [data missing]

Georgia | Charles Tait | Democratic-
Republican  | 1809 (special) | Incumbent re-elected in 1813.  |

* ▌Y Charles Tait (Democratic-Republican)
* [data missing]

Kentucky | John Pope | Democratic-
Republican  | 1806 | Incumbent retired.
New senator elected January 12, 1813 on the third ballot.
Democratic-Republican hold.  |

* ▌Y Jesse Bledsoe (Democratic-Republican) 56
* ▌Stephen Ormsby (Democratic-Republican) 51
* ▌Anthony Butler (Unknown) Eliminated
* ▌Isham Talbot (Democratic-Republican) Eliminated[4]

Louisiana | Allan B. Magruder | Democratic-
Republican  | 1812 | Incumbent retired or lost re-election.
New senator elected in 1813.
Democratic-Republican hold.  |

* ▌Y Eligius Fromentin (Democratic-Republican) 25
* ▌Thomas Posey (Democratic-Republican) 13
* ▌Richard Butler (Unknown) 6
* Blank[5]

Maryland | Philip Reed | Democratic-
Republican  | 1806 (special)
1806 | Incumbent retired or lost re-election.
Legislature failed to elect.
Democratic-Republican loss.  | [data missing]
New Hampshire | Charles Cutts | Federalist  | 1810 (special) | Incumbent lost re-election.
Legislature failed to elect after 12 ballots.
Federalist loss.  |

* ▌Jedediah Kilburn Smith (Democratic-Republican) 89
* ▌John Goddard (Unknown) 83
* ▌Charles Cutts (Federalist) 3
* ▌David L. Morril (Democratic-Republican) 1[6]

New York | John Smith | Democratic-
Republican  | 1804 (special)
1807 | Incumbent lost re-election.
New senator elected February 2, 1813.
Federalist gain. |

* ▌Y Rufus King (Federalist) 51.5%
* ▌James W. Wilkin (Democratic-Republican) 46.2%
* ▌John Smith (Democratic-Republican) 2.3%[7]

North Carolina | Jesse Franklin | Democratic-
Republican  | 1799
1804 (lost)
1806 | Incumbent retired.
New senator elected in 1812.
Democratic-Republican hold.  |

* ▌Y David Stone (Democratic-Republican) 100
* ▌Archibald Murphey (Democratic-Republican) 83
* ▌Thomas Davis (Democratic-Republican) 12[8]

Ohio | Alexander Campbell | Democratic-
Republican  | 1809 (special) | Incumbent retired.
New senator elected February 6, 1813.
Democratic-Republican hold.  |

* ▌Y Jeremiah Morrow (Democratic-Republican) 63
* ▌Calvin Pease (Unknown) 18[9]

Pennsylvania | Andrew Gregg | Democratic-
Republican  | 1806 | Incumbent retired.
New senator elected December 8, 1812.
Democratic-Republican hold.  |

* ▌Y Abner Lacock (Democratic-Republican) 63
* ▌Daniel Montgomery Jr. (Democratic-Republican) 26
* ▌James Brady (Independent) 22
* ▌Isaac Weaver Jr. (Democratic-Republican) 6
* Not voting 5[10]

South Carolina | John Gaillard | Democratic-
Republican  | 1804 (special)
1806 | Incumbent re-elected in late 1812.[11] |

* ▌Y John Gaillard (Democratic-Republican) 118
* ▌Henry Middleton (Democratic-Republican) 37
* ▌James Gowdy (Unknown) 1[11]

Vermont | Stephen R. Bradley | Democratic-
Republican  | 1791
1795 (lost)
1801 (special)
1806 | Incumbent retired.
New senator elected October 21, 1812.
Democratic-Republican hold.  |

* ▌Y Dudley Chase (Democratic-Republican)
* ▌Royall Tyler (Democratic-Republican) 94
* Scattering 4[12]

### Special elections during the 13th Congress

[edit]

In these special elections, the winners were seated in 1813 after March 4; ordered by election date.

State  | Incumbent  | Results  | Candidates

|
|
|

Senator  | Party  | Electoral history
Massachusetts
(Class 1)  | James Lloyd | Federalist  | 1808 (special)
1808 | Resigned May 1, 1813.
New senator elected May 5, 1813.
Federalist hold.  |

* ▌Y Christopher Gore (Federalist) 381
* ▌William King (Democratic-Republican) 10
* Scattering 102[13]

Connecticut
(Class 3)  | Chauncey Goodrich | Federalist  | 1807 (special)
1812 | Incumbent resigned May 13, 1813 to become Lieutenant Governor of Connecticut.
New senator elected May 13, 1813.
Federalist hold.  |

* ▌Y David Daggett (Federalist)
* [data missing]

Maryland
(Class 3)  | Vacant  | Legislature had failed to elect.
New senator elected May 21, 1813.
Federalist gain. |

* ▌Y Robert Henry Goldsborough (Federalist) 53
* ▌Edward Lloyd (Democratic-Republican) 35[14]

Delaware
(Class 2)  | James A. Bayard | Federalist  | 1804 (special)
1805
1811 | Resigned March 3, 1813.
New senator elected May 21, 1813.
Federalist hold.  |

* ▌Y William H. Wells (Federalist) 14
* ▌George Monro (Democratic-Republican) 10
* ▌Richard Bassett (Federalist) 1[15]

New Hampshire
(Class 3)  | Charles Cutts | Federalist  | 1810 (special)
1813 (appointed) | Interim appointee lost election.
New senator elected June 10, 1813 on the second ballot.
Federalist hold.  |

* ▌Y Jeremiah Mason (Federalist) 129
* ▌Charles Cutts (Federalist) 39
* ▌John Goddard (Unknown) Eliminated
* Scattering 4[16]

Georgia
(Class 2)  | William Bulloch | Democratic-
Republican  | 1813 (appointed) | Interim appointee retired or lost re-election.
New senator elected November 6, 1813.
Democratic-Republican hold.  |

* ▌Y William W. Bibb (Democratic-Republican) 79
* ▌J. Macintosh (Unknown) 39[17]

## Connecticut

[edit]

See also: List of United States senators from Connecticut and 1812 United States House of Representatives election in Connecticut

### Connecticut (regular)

[edit]

This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (October 2019)

|

### Connecticut (special)

[edit]

This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (October 2019)

|

## Delaware (special)

[edit]

See also: List of United States senators from Delaware

This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (October 2019)

|

## Georgia

[edit]

See also: List of United States senators from Georgia and 1812 United States House of Representatives election in Georgia

### Georgia (regular)

[edit]

This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (October 2019)

|

### Georgia (special)

[edit]

This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (October 2019)

|

## Kentucky

[edit]

See also: List of United States senators from Kentucky

This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (October 2019)

|

## Louisiana

[edit]

See also: List of United States senators from Louisiana

This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (October 2019)

|

## Maryland

[edit]

See also: List of United States senators from Maryland

### Maryland (regular)

[edit]

The Maryland legislature failed to elect a senator before the March 3, 1813, the beginning of the term. Robert Henry Goldsborough was appointed to fill the seat.

### Maryland (special)

[edit]

This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (November 2022)

|

1813 United States Senate special election in Maryland | ← 1806 | May 20, 1813 | 1819 →

|
|

* * *

80 members of the Maryland General Assembly
|   |  |

|
|

Candidate  | Robert Henry Goldsborough | Edward Lloyd
Party  | Federalist | Democratic-Republican
Legislative vote  | 47 | 35
Percentage  | 58.75% | 41.25%

Robert H. Goldsborough won election over Edward Lloyd by a margin of 20.45%, or 18 votes, for the Class 3 seat.[18]

## Massachusetts (special)

[edit]

See also: List of United States senators from Massachusetts

This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (October 2019)

|

## New Hampshire

[edit]

See also: List of United States senators from New Hampshire and 1812 United States House of Representatives election in New Hampshire

### New Hampshire (regular)

[edit]

This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (October 2019)

|

### New Hampshire (special)

[edit]

This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (October 2019)

|

## New York

[edit]

Main article: 1813 United States Senate election in New York

See also: List of United States senators from New York

This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (October 2019)

|

## North Carolina

[edit]

See also: List of United States senators from North Carolina

This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (October 2019)

|

## Ohio

[edit]

See also: List of United States senators from Ohio

This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (October 2019)

|

## Pennsylvania

[edit]

See also: List of United States senators from Pennsylvania

This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (October 2019)

|

## South Carolina

[edit]

See also: List of United States senators from South Carolina

This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (October 2019)

|

## Vermont

[edit]

See also: List of United States senators from Vermont

This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (October 2019)

|

## See also

[edit]

* 1812 United States elections
* 1812–13 United States House of Representatives elections
* 1812 United States presidential election
* 12th United States Congress
* 13th United States Congress

## References

[edit]

1. ^ "17th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution: Direct Election of U.S. Senators (1913)". National Archives and Records Administration. February 8, 2022.
2. ^ "Louisiana 1812 U.S. Senate". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved February 22, 2018., citing American Watchman; and Delaware Republican (Wilmington, DE). October 14, 1812.
3. ^ "Louisiana 1812 U.S. Senate, Special, Ballot 2". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved February 22, 2018., citing The Louisiana Gazette and New-Orleans Advertiser (New Orleans, LA). December 3, 1812.
4. ^ "Kentucky 1813 U.S. Senate, Ballot 3". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved February 22, 2018., citing Muskingum Messenger (Zanesville, OH). January 27, 1813.
5. ^ "Louisiana 1813 U.S. Senate". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved February 23, 2018., citing Courrier de la Louisiane (New Orleans, LA). January 22, 1813.
6. ^ "New Hampshire 1812 U.S. Senate, Ballot 12". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved February 23, 2018., citing Concord Gazette (Concord, NH). December 29, 1812.
7. ^ "NY US Senate". Our Campaigns. August 8, 2012. Retrieved February 23, 2015.
8. ^ "North Carolina 1812 U.S. Senate". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved February 23, 2018., citing The Star (Raleigh, NC). December 11, 1812.
9. ^ Taylor, William A. (1900). Ohio in Congress from 1803 to 1901 with Notes and Sketches of Senators and Representatives and Other Historical Data and Incidents. Columbus, Ohio: The XX. Century Publishing Co. p. 98 – via Google Books.
10. ^ "Pennsylvania 1812 U.S. Senate". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved February 23, 2018., citing Journal of the Pennsylvania State Senate, 1812. 41–43.
11. ^ a b "South Carolina 1812 U.S. Senate". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved February 23, 2018., citing City Gazette and Commercial Advertiser (Charleston, SC). December 10, 1812.
12. ^ "Vermont 1812 U.S. Senate". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Archived from the original on March 2, 2020. Retrieved February 23, 2018., citing Columbian Phenix: or, Providence Patriot (Providence, RI). October 31, 1812.
13. ^ "Massachusetts 1813 U.S. Senate, Special". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved February 23, 2018., citing The Virginia Patriot (Richmond, VA). June 11, 1813.
14. ^ "Maryland 1813 U.S. Senate". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved February 23, 2018., citing Republican Star or Eastern Shore General Advertiser (Easton, MD). May 25, 1813.
15. ^ "Delaware 1813 U.S. Senate, Special". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved February 23, 2018., citing Journal of the Delaware State Senate, 1813. 12.
16. ^ "New Hampshire 1813 U.S. Senate, Ballot 2". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved February 23, 2018., citing Portsmouth Oracle (Portsmouth, NH). June 12, 1813.
17. ^ "Georgia 1813 U.S. Senate, Special". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved February 23, 2018., citing Liberty Hall (Cincinnati, OH). December 14, 1813.
18. ^ "Our Campaigns - MD US Senate Race - May 20, 1813". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved November 5, 2022.

## External links

[edit]

* Party Division in the Senate, 1789–Present, via Senate.gov

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* t
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