1818–19 United States Senate elections

* * *

| <- 1816 & 1817 | Dates vary by state | 1820 & 1821 ->

|
|

* * *

14 of the 42 seats in the United States Senate (plus special elections)
22 seats needed for a majority
|  | Majority party  | Minority party

|
|

|  |
Party  | Democratic-Republican | Federalist
Last election  | 25 seats | 13 seats
Seats before  | 28 | 12
Seats won  | 14 | 0
Seats after  | 30 | 9
Seat change  |  3  |  3
Seats up  | 11  | 3

* * *

Results:
Dem-Republican hold Dem-Republican gain
Legislature Failed To Elect

* * *

| Majority Party before election

Democratic-Republican

| Elected Majority Party

Democratic-Republican

|

The 1818–19 United States Senate elections were held on various dates in various states. As these U.S. Senate elections were prior to the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913, senators were chosen by state legislatures. Senators were elected over a wide range of time throughout 1818 and 1819, and a seat may have been filled months late or remained vacant due to legislative deadlock.[1] In these elections, terms were up for the senators in Class 3.

The Democratic-Republican Party gained two seats. The Federalists had only three seats being contested, of which they lost two and the third was left vacant due to a failure to elect.

## Results summary

[edit]

Senate party division, 16th Congress (1819–1821)

* Majority party: Democratic-Republican (30–37)
* Minority party: Federalist (9)
* Vacant: 3–0
* Total seats: 42–46

## Change in composition

[edit]

### Before the elections

[edit]

After the admission of Illinois.

| DR1

|

DR11 | DR10 | DR9 | DR8 | DR7 | DR6 | DR5 | DR4 | DR3
Ill.
New seat | DR2
DR12 | DR13 | DR14 | DR15 | DR16 | DR17 | DR18 | DR19 | DR20
Ill.
Ran | DR21
Ind.
Ran
Majority → | DR22
N.C.
Ran
F12
N.Y.
Ran | DR30
Vt.
Resigned | DR29
Pa.
Retired | DR28
Ohio
Retired | DR27
La.
Retired | DR26
N.H.
Unknown | DR25
Ky.
Unknown | DR24
Ga.
Unknown | DR23
S.C.
Ran
F11
Md.
Ran | F10
Conn.
Ran | F9 | F8 | F7 | F6 | F5 | F4 | F3 | F2
| F1

### Result of the general elections

[edit]

| DR1

|

DR11 | DR10 | DR9 | DR8 | DR7 | DR6 | DR5 | DR4 | DR3 | DR2
DR12 | DR13 | DR14 | DR15 | DR16 | DR17 | DR18 | DR19 | DR20
Ill.
Re-elected | DR21
Ind.
Re-elected
Majority → | DR22
N.C.
Re-elected
DR31
Conn.
Gain | DR30
Vt.
Hold | DR29
Pa.
Hold | DR28
Ohio
Hold | DR27
N.H.
Hold | DR26
La.
Hold | DR25
Ky.
Hold | DR24
Ga.
Hold | DR23
S.C.
Re-elected

N.Y.
F Loss | V2
Md.
F Loss | F9 | F8 | F7 | F6 | F5 | F4 | F3 | F2
| F1

### Results of the 1819 special elections

[edit]

| DR1 | DR2

|
|

DR12 | DR11 | DR10
Va.
Hold | DR9
Tenn.
Hold | DR8
Ky.
Hold | DR7
Ga.
Hold | DR6 | DR5 | DR4 | DR3
DR13 | DR14 | DR15 | DR16 | DR17 | DR18 | DR19 | DR20 | DR21 | DR22
Majority → | DR23
DR32
Ala. Cl.2
New seat | DR31 | DR30 | DR29 | DR28 | DR27 | DR26 | DR25 | DR24
DR33
Ala. Cl.3
New seat | DR34
Md. Cl.1
Gain | DR35
Md. Cl.3
Gain | V1 | F8 | F7 | F6 | F5 | F4 | F3
| F2 | F1
Key:  |  | DR# | Democratic-Republican

|

F# | Federalist
V# | Vacant

## Race summaries

[edit]

### Special elections during the 15th Congress

[edit]

In these special elections, the winners were seated during 1818 or before March 4, 1819; ordered by election date.

State  | Incumbent  | Results  | Candidates

|
|
|

Senator  | Party  | Electoral history
Louisiana
(Class 2)  | William C. C. Claiborne | Democratic-
Republican  | 1817 | Incumbent died November 23, 1817.
New senator elected January 12, 1818.
Democratic-Republican hold.  |

* ▌Y Henry Johnson (Democratic-Republican) 30
* ▌Mr. Livingston (Unknown) 5
* ▌John MacDonough (Unknown) 4
* ▌Dr. Hood (Unknown) 2[2]

Massachusetts
(Class 1)  | Eli P. Ashmun | Federalist  | 1816 (special) | Incumbent resigned May 10, 1818.
New senator elected June 5, 1818.
Federalist hold.  |

* ▌Y Prentiss Mellen (Democratic-Republican) 85
* ▌William King (Democratic-Republican) 37
* ▌James Bridge (Unknown) 2
* ▌Mark L. Hill (Democratic-Republican) 1[3]

Illinois
(Class 3)  | None (new state)  | New state.
New senators elected October 7, 1818[4] on the first and third ballot.
Lots were drawn to assign them, respectively, to Classes 3 and 2.
The Class 3 senator had to run again for re-election in 1819; see below.
Two Democratic-Republican gains. | First ballot:

* ▌Y Ninian Edwards (Democratic-Republican) 32[4]
* ▌Y Leonard White (Unknown) 17
* ▌Y Jesse B. Thomas (Democratic-Republican) 15
* ▌Y Michael Jones (Unknown) 10
* ▌Joseph M. Street (Unknown) 3
* ▌Robert Morrison (Unknown) 3[5]

Second ballot:

* ▌Leonard White (Unknown) 16
* ▌Jesse B. Thomas (Democratic-Republican) 14
* ▌Michael Jones (Unknown) 10[6]

Third ballot:

* ▌Y Jesse B. Thomas (Democratic-Republican) 21
* ▌Leonard White (Unknown) 18
* ▌Michael Jones (Unknown) 1[7]

Illinois
(Class 2)
Vermont
(Class 3)  | James Fisk | Democratic-
Republican  | 1817 (special) | Incumbent resigned January 8, 1818 to serve as collector of customs for the district of Vermont.
New senator elected October 20, 1818 to finish the term.
Winner also elected to the following term, see below.
Democratic-Republican hold.  |

* ▌Y William Palmer (Democratic-Republican) 116
* ▌Dudley Chase (Federalist) 54
* ▌William A. Griswold (Democratic-Republican) 11
* ▌Paul Brigham (Democratic-Republican) 7
* Scattering 4[8]

Georgia
(Class 2)  | George M. Troup | Democratic-
Republican  | 1816 (special)
1816 | Incumbent resigned September 23, 1818.
New senator elected November 7, 1818 on the fourth ballot.
Democratic-Republican hold.  |

* ▌Y John Forsyth (Democratic-Republican) 86
* ▌Nicholas Ware (Democratic-Republican) 29
* ▌John M. Dooley (Unknown) 10[9]

### Races leading to the 16th Congress

[edit]

In these general elections, the winner was seated on March 4, 1819 (except where noted due to late election); ordered by state.

All of the elections involved the Class 3 seats.

State  | Incumbent  | Results  | Candidates

|
|
|

Senator  | Party  | Electoral
history
Connecticut | David Daggett | Federalist  | 1813 (special) | Incumbent lost re-election.
New senator elected October 22, 1818 on the third ballot.
Democratic-Republican gain. |

* ▌Y James Lanman (Democratic-Republican) 114
* ▌David Daggett (Federalist) 84
* ▌Elijah Boardman (Democratic-Republican) 7
* ▌Nathan Smith (Democratic-Republican) 3
* ▌William Bristol (Democratic-Republican) 1[10]

Georgia | Charles Tait | Democratic-
Republican  | 1809 (special)
1813 | Unknown if incumbent ran for re-election.
New senator elected November 11, 1818.
Democratic-Republican hold.  |

* ▌Y John Elliot (Democratic-Republican) 72
* ▌John Forsyth (Democratic-Republican) 53[11]

Illinois | Ninian Edwards | Democratic-
Republican  | 1818 | Incumbent re-elected in early February 1819.[4] |

* ▌Y Ninian Edwards (Democratic-Republican) 23
* ▌Michael Jones (Unknown) 19[12][4]

Indiana | Waller Taylor | Democratic-
Republican  | 1816 | Incumbent re-elected December 16, 1818.  |

* ▌Y Waller Taylor (Democratic-Republican) 21
* ▌James Scott (Unknown) 15
* ▌Isaac Blackford (Democratic-Republican) 2[13]

Kentucky | Isham Talbot | Democratic-
Republican  | 1814 (special) | Unknown if incumbent ran for re-election.
New senator elected December 17, 1818.
Democratic-Republican hold.  |

* ▌Y William Logan (Democratic-Republican) 67
* ▌Richard Mentor Johnson (Democratic-Republican) 55[14]

Louisiana | Eligius Fromentin | Democratic-
Republican  | 1813 | Incumbent retired.
New senator elected on January 11, 1819, on the second ballot.
Democratic-Republican hold.  |

* ▌Y James Brown (Democratic-Republican)
* ▌John McDonough (Unknown) 9
* ▌Abner Lawson Duncan (Democratic-Republican) 12
* ▌Eligius Fromentin (Democratic-Republican) 1[15]

Maryland | Robert Goldsborough | Federalist  | 1813 (special) | Incumbent lost re-election.
Legislature failed to elect and the seat became vacant.
Federalist loss.  | None.
New Hampshire | Clement Storer | Democratic-
Republican  | 1817 (special) | Unknown if incumbent ran for re-election.
New senator elected in 1818 on the third ballot.
Democratic-Republican hold.  |

* ▌Y John Fabyan Parrott (Democratic-Republican) 97
* ▌William Plumer (Democratic-Republican) 54
* ▌Jeremiah Smith (Federalist) 11
* ▌Josiah Butler (Democratic-Republican) 5
* ▌Clement Storer (Democratic-Republican) 1[16]

New York | Rufus King | Federalist  | 1813 | Incumbent ran for re-election.
Legislature failed to elect and the seat became vacant.
Federalist loss.
Incumbent was later re-elected in 1820, late in the next Congress.  |

* ▌John C. Spencer (Democratic-Republican/Clintonian)
* ▌Philetus Swift (Democratic-Republican)
* ▌Rufus King (Federalist)
* ▌John Van Ness Yates (Democratic-Republican/Bucktail)
* ▌John Wells (Federalist)
* ▌Samuel Young (Democratic-Republican/Bucktail)[17]

North Carolina | Nathaniel Macon | Democratic-
Republican  | 1815 (special) | Incumbent re-elected in 1818.[18] |

* ▌Y Nathaniel Macon (Democratic-Republican) 166
* Unopposed[19]

Ohio | Jeremiah Morrow | Democratic-
Republican  | 1812 | Incumbent retired.
New senator elected January 30, 1819 on the fourth ballot.[20]
Democratic-Republican hold.  |

* ▌Y William Trimble (Democratic-Republican) 48
* ▌Thomas Worthington (Democratic-Republican) 25
* ▌John E. Hamm (Democratic-Republican) 18[20]

Pennsylvania | Abner Lacock | Democratic-
Republican  | 1812 | Incumbent retired.
New senator elected December 8, 1818.[21]
Democratic-Republican hold.  |

* ▌Y Walter Lowrie (Democratic-Republican) 87
* ▌Isaac Weaver Jr. (Democratic-Republican) 32
* ▌John Tod (Democratic-Republican) 1
* Not voting 8[21]

South Carolina | John Gaillard | Democratic-
Republican  | 1812 | Incumbent re-elected in 1818.[22] |

* ▌Y John Gaillard (Democratic-Republican) 96
* ▌John R. Richardson (Unknown) 61[23]

Vermont | James Fisk | Democratic-
Republican  | 1817 (special) | Incumbent resigned January 8, 1818 to serve as collector of customs for the district of Vermont.
New senator elected October 20, 1818.
Winner also elected to finish the term; see above.
Democratic-Republican hold.  |

* ▌Y William A. Palmer (Democratic-Republican) 133
* ▌Dudley Chase (Federalist) 49
* ▌William A. Griswold (Democratic-Republican) 7
* ▌Paul Brigham (Democratic-Republican) 5[24]

### Special elections during the 16th Congress

[edit]

In these special elections, the winners were seated in 1819 after March 4; ordered by election date. The new Congress was seated December 6, 1819, so some of these late-elected senators were seated after that.

State  | Incumbent  | Results  | Candidates

|
|
|

Senator  | Party  | Electoral history
Tennessee
(Class 1)  | John H. Eaton | Democratic-
Republican  | 1818 (appointed) | Interim appointee elected October 9, 1819.  |

* ▌Y John Eaton (Democratic-Republican) 31
* ▌Parry W. Humphreys (Democratic-Republican) 29[25]

Georgia
(Class 2)  | John Forsyth | Democratic-
Republican  | 1818 (special) | Incumbent resigned February 17, 1819 to become U.S. Minister to Spain.
New senator elected November 6, 1819.
Democratic-Republican hold.  |

* ▌Y Freeman Walker (Democratic-Republican)
* Unopposed[26]

Kentucky
(Class 2)  | John Crittenden | Democratic-
Republican  | 1816 | Incumbent resigned March 3, 1819 to return to private practice.
New senator elected December 10, 1819.
Democratic-Republican hold.  |

* ▌Y Richard Mentor Johnson (Democratic-Republican) 68
* ▌John Adair (Federalist) 53[27]

Virginia
(Class 2)  | John Eppes | Democratic-
Republican  | 1816 | Incumbent resigned December 4, 1819 because of ill health.
New senator elected December 10, 1819.
Democratic-Republican hold.  |

* ▌Y James Pleasants (Democratic-Republican) 146
* ▌John Taliaferro (Democratic-Republican) 42[28]

Alabama
(Class 2)  | None (new state)  | New state.
New senator elected December 14, 1819.
Democratic-Republican gain. |

* ▌Y William R. King (Democratic-Republican) 56
* ▌John W. Walker (Democratic-Republican) 11
* ▌Thomas D. Crabb (Unknown) 2[29]

Alabama
(Class 3)  | None (new state)  | New state.
New senator elected December 14, 1819.
Democratic-Republican gain. |

* ▌Y John W. Walker (Democratic-Republican) 59
* ▌Thomas D. Crabb (Unknown) 7
* ▌George Phillips (Unknown) 2
* ▌William R. King (Democratic-Republican) 1[30]

Maryland
(Class 3)  | Vacant | Legislature had failed to elect; see above.
New senator elected late December 14, 1819 and qualified December 21, 1819.
Democratic-Republican gain. |

* ▌Y Edward Lloyd (Democratic-Republican) 50
* ▌Y William Pinkney (Democratic-Republican) 49
* ▌Charles Carroll (Federalist) 37
* ▌Robert Goldsborough (Federalist) 34
* ▌Charles Goldsborough (Federalist) 4
* ▌Samuel Smith (Unknown) 1
* ▌John Graham (Democratic-Republican) 1[31][32]

Maryland
(Class 1)  | Alexander Hanson | Federalist  | 1816 (special) | Incumbent died April 23, 1819.
New senator elected December 14, 1819 and qualified December 21, 1819.
Democratic-Republican gain.

## Alabama

[edit]

See also: List of United States senators from Alabama

This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (November 2019)

|

## Connecticut

[edit]

See also: List of United States senators from Connecticut

This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (November 2019)

|

## Georgia

[edit]

See also: List of United States senators from Georgia

### Georgia (regular)

[edit]

This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (November 2019)

|

### Georgia (specials)

[edit]

This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (November 2019)

|

## Illinois

[edit]

See also: List of United States senators from Illinois

This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (November 2019)

|

## Indiana

[edit]

See also: List of United States senators from Indiana

This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (November 2019)

|

## Kentucky

[edit]

See also: List of United States senators from Louisiana

### Kentucky (regular)

[edit]

This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (November 2019)

|

### Kentucky (special)

[edit]

This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (November 2019)

|

## Louisiana

[edit]

See also: List of United States senators from Louisiana

### Louisiana (regular)

[edit]

This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (November 2019)

|

### Louisiana (special)

[edit]

This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (November 2019)

|

## Maryland

[edit]

See also: List of United States senators from Maryland

Main article: 1819 United States Senate special election in Maryland

Main article: 1819 United States Senate elections in Maryland

This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (November 2022)

|

1819 United States Senate elections in Maryland | <- 1816 | December 14, 1819 | 1821 ->

|
|

* * *

80 members of the Maryland General Assembly
|  |  |

|
|

Candidate  | William Pinkney | Edward Lloyd
Party  | Democratic-Republican | Democratic-Republican
Legislative vote  | 49 | 50
Percentage  | 27.84% | 28.41%

Due to both the Class 3 seat falling vacant at the normal end of the term and the Class 1 seat falling vacant due to the death of Alexander Contee Hanson, the legislature voted for both seats simultaneously. Edward Lloyd received the most votes and won the Class 3 seat. William Pinkney received the second-most votes and won the Class 1 seat.[33]

## Massachusetts (special)

[edit]

See also: List of United States senators from Massachusetts

This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (November 2019)

|

## New Hampshire

[edit]

See also: List of United States senators from New Hampshire

This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (November 2019)

|

## New York

[edit]

Main article: 1819–1820 United States Senate election in New York

See also: List of United States senators from New York

This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (November 2019)

|

## North Carolina

[edit]

See also: List of United States senators from North Carolina

This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (November 2019)

|

## Ohio

[edit]

See also: List of United States senators from Ohio

This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (November 2019)

|

## Pennsylvania

[edit]

See also: List of United States senators from Pennsylvania

This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (November 2019)

|

## South Carolina

[edit]

See also: List of United States senators from South Carolina

This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (November 2019)

|

## Tennessee (special)

[edit]

See also: List of United States senators from Tennessee

This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (November 2019)

|

## Vermont

[edit]

See also: List of United States senators from Vermont

### Vermont (regular)

[edit]

This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (November 2019)

|

### Vermont (special)

[edit]

See also: List of United States senators from Vermont

This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (November 2019)

|

## Virginia (special)

[edit]

See also: List of United States senators from Virginia

This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (November 2019)

|

## See also

[edit]

* 1818 United States elections
* 1818–19 United States House of Representatives elections
* 16th United States Congress
* 17th United States Congress

## References

[edit]

1. ^ "17th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution: Direct Election of U.S. Senators (1913)". National Archives and Records Administration. February 8, 2022.
2. ^ "Louisiana 1818 U.S. Senate, Special". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved May 14, 2018.
3. ^ "Massachusetts 1818 U.S. Senate, Special". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved April 30, 2018.
4. ^ a b c d Buck, Solon J. (1917). Bill Thayer (ed.). "Illinois in 1818". University of Illinois Press. p. 304. Retrieved March 23, 2015.
5. ^ "Illinois 1818 U.S. Senate". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved May 6, 2018.
6. ^ "Illinois 1818 U.S. Senate, Ballot 2". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved November 4, 2019.
7. ^ "Illinois 1818 U.S. Senate, Ballot 3". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved May 6, 2018.
8. ^ "Vermont 1818 U.S. Senate". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved May 11, 2018.
9. ^ "Georgia 1818 U.S. Senate, Special, Ballot 4". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved May 11, 2018.
10. ^ "Connecticut 1818 U.S. Senate, Ballot 3". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved April 30, 2018.
11. ^ "Georgia 1818 U.S. Senate". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved May 11, 2018.
12. ^ "Illinois 1819 U.S. Senate". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved May 6, 2018.
13. ^ "Indiana 1818 U.S. Senate". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved May 13, 2018.
14. ^ "Kentucky 1818 U.S. Senate". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Archived from the original on March 2, 2020. Retrieved May 13, 2018.
15. ^ "Louisiana 1819 U.S. Senate, Ballot 2". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved May 14, 2018.
16. ^ "New Hampshire 1818 U.S. Senate, Ballot 3". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved May 15, 2018.
17. ^ "New York 1819 U.S. Senate". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved May 16, 2018.
18. ^ "MACON, Nathaniel, (1757 - 1837)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved March 26, 2015.
19. ^ "North Carolina 1818 U.S. Senate". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved May 15, 2018.
20. ^ a b Taylor, William A. (1900). Ohio in Congress from 1803 to 1901 with Notes and Sketches of Senators and Representatives and Other Historical Data and Incidents. Columbus, Ohio: The XX. Century Publishing Co. p. 100 - via Internet Archive.
21. ^ a b Cox, Harold (January 31, 2007). "Pennsylvania Election Statistics: 1682-2006" (PDF). The Wilkes University Election Statistics Project. Wilkes University.
22. ^ "GAILLARD, John, (1765 - 1826)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved March 26, 2015.
23. ^ "South Carolina 1818 U.S. Senate". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved May 16, 2018.
24. ^ "Vermont 1818 U.S. Senate". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved May 11, 2018.
25. ^ "Tennessee 1819 U.S. Senate". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved May 13, 2018.
26. ^ "Georgia 1819 U.S. Senate, Special". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved May 11, 2018.
27. ^ "Kentucky 1819 U.S. Senate". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Archived from the original on March 7, 2020. Retrieved May 13, 2018.
28. ^ "Virginia 1819 U.S. Senate, Special". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved May 13, 2018.
29. ^ "Alabama 1819 U.S. Senate, Class 2". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Archived from the original on March 11, 2020. Retrieved April 30, 2018.
30. ^ "Alabama 1819 U.S. Senate, Class 3". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Archived from the original on March 7, 2020. Retrieved April 30, 2018.
31. ^ "Maryland 1819 U.S. Senate". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved May 6, 2018.
32. ^ "MD US Senate". Our Campaigns. August 30, 2004. Retrieved March 24, 2015.
33. ^ "Our Campaigns - MD US Senate Race - Dec 14, 1819". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved November 5, 2022.

* Party Division in the Senate, 1789-Present, via Senate.gov

* v
* t
* e

United States Senate elections

1788–1913
(elected by state
legislatures)|

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| Regulars
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specials|

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* 1972
* 1974
* 1976
* 1978
* 1980
* 1982
* 1984
* 1986
* 1988
* 1990
* 1992
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* 1998
* 2000
* 2002
* 2004
* 2006
* 2008
* 2010
* 2012
* 2014
* 2016
* 2018
* 2020
* 2022
* 2024
* 2026
* 2028
* 2030

|

Odd-year
specials|

* 1913
* Georgia
* Maryland
* 1921
* 1923
* 1925
* 1931
* 1933
* 1937
* 1941
* 1947
* 1949
* 1957
* 1959
* 1961
* 1974–75
* 1983
* 1991
* 1993
* 2013
* 2017
* 2020–21
* List of all specials

Elections by state|

* Alabama
* Alaska
* Arizona
* Arkansas
* California
* Colorado
* Connecticut
* Delaware
* District of Columbia
* Florida
* Georgia
* Hawaii
* Idaho
* Illinois
* Indiana
* Iowa
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* Wisconsin
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* Special elections
* Election disputes
* Results by state
* List of US elections
* House elections
* Presidential elections
* Gubernatorial elections

*[Ill.]: Illinois
*[Ind.]: Indiana
*[N.C.]: North Carolina
*[N.Y.]: New York
*[Vt.]: Vermont
*[Pa.]: Pennsylvania
*[La.]: Louisiana
*[N.H.]: New Hampshire
*[Ky.]: Kentucky
*[Ga.]: Georgia
*[S.C.]: South Carolina
*[Md.]: Maryland
*[Conn.]: Connecticut
*[Va.]: Virginia
*[Tenn.]: Tennessee
*[Ala. Cl.2]: Alabama class 2
*[Ala. Cl.3]: Alabama class 3
*[Md. Cl.1]: Maryland class 1
*[Md. Cl.3]: Maryland class 3
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