1843 in the United Kingdom

United Kingdom-related events during the year of 1843

1843 in the United Kingdom

Other years
1841 | 1842 | 1843 (1843) | 1844 | 1845
Constituent countries of the United Kingdom
England | Ireland | Scotland | Wales
Sport
1843 English cricket season

Events from the year 1843 in the United Kingdom.

## Incumbents

[edit]

* Monarch – Victoria
* Prime Minister – Robert Peel (Conservative)
* Foreign Secretary – George Hamilton-Gordon, 4th Earl of Aberdeen

## Events

[edit]

* January – Quaker magazine The Friend begins publication.
* 6 January – Antarctic explorer James Clark Ross discovers Snow Hill Island.
* 20 January – Daniel M'Naghten shoots and kills the Prime Minister's private secretary, Edward Drummond, in Whitehall.[1]
* 4 March – M'Naghten is found not guilty of murder "by reason of insanity", giving rise to the M'Naghten Rules on criminal responsibility, and subsequently committed to Bethlem Hospital.[1]
* 24 March – Battle of Hyderabad: The Bombay Army led by Major General Sir Charles Napier defeats the Talpur Mirs, securing Sindh province for the British Raj.
* 25 March – Marc Isambard Brunel's Thames Tunnel, the first tunnel under the River Thames, is opened to pedestrians.[2]
* 27 March – decision in Foss v Harbottle, a leading precedent in English corporate law, declares that in any action in which a wrong is alleged to have been done to a company, the proper claimant is the company itself and not individual shareholders.[3]
* 4 April – William Wordsworth accepts the office of Poet Laureate of the United Kingdom following the death of Robert Southey on 21 March.[4]
* April – Protestant Martyrs' Memorial erected in Oxford.[5][6]
* 4 May – Natal proclaimed British colony.[7]
* 18 May – the Disruption of the Church of Scotland takes place in Edinburgh.
* ? May – Blackgang Chine on the Isle of Wight opens as an amusement park.
* 19 July – Isambard Kingdom Brunel's SS Great Britain is launched from Bristol.[8]
* 5 August – Sarah Dazley, the last woman to be executed in public in England, is hanged for mariticide outside Bedford Prison.
* 22 August – Theatres Act ends the virtual monopoly on theatrical performances held by the patent theatres, encouraging the development of popular entertainment.[7]
* September – Ada Lovelace translates and expands Menabrea's notes on Charles Babbage's analytical engine, including an algorithm for calculating a sequence of Bernoulli numbers, regarded as the world's first computer program.[9][10][11]
* 2 September – The Economist newspaper first published (preliminary issue dated August).
* 1 October – News of the World newspaper first published.[2] It will survive until 2011.
* 3–4 November – the statue of Nelson is placed atop Nelson's Column in Trafalgar Square, London.[2]
* 13 December – Basutoland becomes a British protectorate.[7]
* 17 December – publication of Charles Dickens' novella A Christmas Carol by Chapman & Hall in London at his expense. It introduces the character Ebenezer Scrooge. Released on December 19, the first printing sells out by Christmas Eve[12] and inspires charitable giving.[13]
* December – the world's first Christmas cards, commissioned by Sir Henry Cole in London from the artist John Callcott Horsley, are sent.[14]
* Undated
* The Albert helmet, devised in 1842 by the Prince Consort, is adopted by the Household Cavalry.[15][16][17]
* Liverpool Victoria Friendly Society founded as a burial society.
* Marlborough College founded in Wiltshire for the education of the sons of Church of England clergy.
* Alfred Bird produces baking powder for the first time, in Birmingham.[18]

## Publications

[edit]

* Charles Dickens's novel Martin Chuzzlewit (begins serialisation January) and novella A Christmas Carol.
* John Stuart Mill's book A System of Logic.
* John Ruskin's book Modern Painters, vol. 1.
* Robert Smith Surtees' comic novel Handley Cross.

## Births

[edit]

* 25 April – Princess Alice, member of the royal family (died 1878)
* 30 June – Ernest Satow, diplomat and scholar (died 1929)
* 5 July – Mandell Creighton, historian and Bishop of London (died 1901)
* 4 September – Jabez Balfour, businessman, politician and fraudster (died 1916)

## Deaths

[edit]

* 9 January – William Hedley, inventor and locomotive engineer (born 1779)
* 20 February – Mary Hays, writer and feminist (born 1759)
* 21 March – Robert Southey, poet (born 1774)
* 25 March – Robert Murray M'Cheyne, clergyman (born 1813)
* 21 April – Prince Augustus Frederick, Duke of Sussex (born 1773)
* 1 June – William Abbot, actor (born 1798)
* 25 July – Charles Macintosh, Scottish chemist (born 1766)[19]
* 16 August – Henry Acton, Unitarian minister (born 1797)
* 18 December – Thomas Graham, Lord Lynedoch, Governor-General of India (born 1748)

## References

[edit]

1. ^ a b Moran, Richard (2004). "McNaughtan, Daniel (1802/3–1865)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/39433. Retrieved 2 February 2011. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
2. ^ a b c Penguin Pocket On This Day. Penguin Reference Library. 2006. ISBN 0-14-102715-0.
3. ^ Slapper, Gary (19 June 2008). "The cases that changed Britain: 1785-1869". The Times. Retrieved 16 June 2011.[dead link‍]
4. ^ Pinion, F. B. (1988). A Wordsworth Chronology. Basingstoke: Macmillan Press. p. 201\. ISBN 0-333-38860-7.
5. ^ Lewis, Darcy (2006). "Timeline: Oxford". TimeTravel-Britain.com. Retrieved 18 October 2010.
6. ^ "The Martyr's Memorial". Jackson's Oxford Journal. No. 4694\. 15 April 1843. p. 3.
7. ^ a b c Palmer, Alan; Palmer, Veronica (1992). The Chronology of British History. London: Century Ltd. pp. 266–267. ISBN 0-7126-5616-2.
8. ^ "Royal Visit". The Bristol Mirror. 20 July 1843. pp. 1–2.
9. ^ Fuegi, John; Francis, Jo (October–December 2003). "Lovelace & Babbage and the creation of the 1843 'notes'". IEEE Annals of the History of Computing. 25 (4): 16–26. doi:10.1109/MAHC.2003.1253887.
10. ^ "Ada Byron, Lady Lovelace". Archived from the original on 21 July 2010. Retrieved 11 July 2010.
11. ^ Menabrea, L. F. (1843). "Sketch of the Analytical Engine Invented by Charles Babbage". Scientific Memoirs. 3. Archived from the original on 13 September 2010. Retrieved 1 October 2010.
12. ^ Dickens, Charles (2006). Douglas-Fairhurst, Robert (ed.). A Christmas Carol and other Christmas Books. Oxford world's classics. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-280694-9.
13. ^ The Man Who Invented Christmas (Film). 2017.
14. ^ Buday, György (1992). "The history of the Christmas card". Omnigraphics: 8.
15. ^ Hoare, Nell; et al. (1990). Exploring Museums: The Home Counties. H.M.S.O. p. 104\. ISBN 978-0-11-290471-7.
16. ^ Carman, W. Y. (1968). British Military Uniforms from Contemporary Pictures: Henry VII to the Present Day. Arco. p. 132.
17. ^ Rankin, Robert H. (1976). Military Headdress: A Pictorial History of Military Headgear from 1660 to 1914. Arms & Armour Press. p. 64\. ISBN 978-0-85368-310-0.
18. ^ Cannon, Matthew (3 November 2014). "Alfred Bird: Egg-free custard inventor and chemist". Birmingham Mail. Retrieved 25 February 2018.
19. ^ Day, Lance; McNeil, Ian (11 September 2002). Biographical Dictionary of the History of Technology. Routledge. p. 786\. ISBN 978-1-134-65019-4.

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1843 in Europe

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