1864–65 United States Senate elections

* * *

| ← 1862 & 1863 | Various dates | 1866 & 1867 →

|
|

* * *

24 of the 72 seats in the United States Senate (with special elections)
25 seats needed for a majority
|   | Majority party  | Minority party

|
|

|  |
Leader  | Henry B. Anthony[a] |
Party  | Republican | Democratic
Leader since  | March 4, 1863  |
Leader's seat  | Rhode Island |
Last election  | 32 seats | 10 seats
Seats before  | 31 | 10
Seats after  | 33 | 9
Seat change  |  2  |  1
Seats up  | 9 | 4
Races won  | 11 | 3

* * *

| Third party  | Fourth party
|  |
Party  | Unconditional Unionist Party (US) | Union
Last election  | 1 seat  | 5 seats
Seats before  | 5  | 3
Seats after  | 4  | 2
Seat change  |  1  |  1
Seats up  | 1  | 1
Races won  | 0  | 0

* * *

Results of the elections:
Democratic gain      Democratic hold
Republican gain      Republican hold
Confederacy      Barred from being seated

* * *

| Majority Party before election

Republican

| Elected Majority Party

Republican

|

The 1864–65 United States Senate elections were held on various dates in various states. They occurred during the American Civil War and Abraham Lincoln's re-election. As these U.S. Senate elections were prior to the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913, senators were chosen by state legislatures. Senators were elected over a wide range of time throughout 1864 and 1865, and a seat may have been filled months late or remained vacant due to legislative deadlock.[1] In these elections, terms were up for the senators in Class 2.

The Republican Party gained two seats. Most of the Southern states were absent because of the Civil War.

## Results summary

[edit]

Senate party division, 39th Congress (1865–1867)

* Majority party: Republican (37)
* Minority party: Democratic (9)
* Other parties: Unconditional Unionist (1); Unionist (1)
* Vacant: (24)
* Total seats: 72

## Change in Senate composition

[edit]

### Before the elections

[edit]

Seceded | V4
Seceded | V3
Seceded | V2 | V1 |

|
|
|
|
|

Seceded | V7
Seceded | V8
Seceded | V9
Seceded | V10
Seceded | V11
Seceded | D1 | D2 | D3 | D4
UU5
Ran | U1 | U2 | U3
Retired | D10
Ran | D9
Retired | D8
Unknown | D7
Retired | D6 | D5
UU4 | UU3 | UU2 | UU1 | R31
Ran | R30
Ran | R29
Retired | R28
Ran | R27
Ran | R26
Retired
Majority → | R25
Unknown
R16 | R17 | R18 | R19 | R20 | R21 | R22 | R23
Ran | R24
Ran
R15 | R14 | R13 | R12 | R11 | R10 | R9 | R8 | R7 | R6
V16 | V15 | V14 | V13 | V12 | R1 | R2 | R3 | R4 | R5
V17 | V18 | V19 | V20 | V21 |

### As a result of the elections

[edit]

Seceded | V4
Seceded | V3
Seceded | V2 | V1 |

|
|
|
|
|

Seceded | V7
Seceded | V8
Seceded | V9
Seceded | V10
Seceded | V11
Seceded | D1 | D2 | D3 | D4
UU2 | UU3 | UU4 | U1 | U2 | D9
Gain | D8
Hold | D7
Re-elected | D6 | D5
UU1 | R33
Gain | R32
Gain | R31
Re-elected
new party | R30
Hold | R29
Hold | R28
Hold | R27
Re-elected | R26
Re-elected | R25
Re-elected
Majority →
R15 | R16 | R17 | R18 | R19 | R20 | R21 | R22 | R23
Re-elected | R24
Re-elected
R14 | R13 | R12 | R11 | R10 | R9 | R8 | R7 | R6 | R5
V17 | V16 | V15 | V14 | V13 | V12
U Loss | R1 | R2 | R3 | R4
V18 | V19 | V20 | V21 | V22 |

### Beginning of the next Congress

[edit]

V6 | V5 | V4 | V3 | V2 | V1 |

|
|
|
|
|
|

V7 | V8 | V9 | V10 | V11 | D1 | D2 | D3 | D4 | D5
R36
Changed | R37
Changed | UU1 | V13
UU Loss | U1 | V12
D Loss | D9
Gain | D8 | D7 | D6
R35
New state | R34
New state | R33 | R32 | R31 | R30 | R29 | R28 | R27 | R26
Majority → | R25
R16 | R17 | R18 | R19 | R20 | R21 | R22 | R23 | R24
R15 | R14 | R13 | R12 | R11 | R10 | R9 | R8 | R7 | R6
V18 | V17 | V16 | V15 | V14 | R1 | R2 | R3 | R4 | R5
V19 | V20 | V21 | V22 | V23 | V24 |
Key:  |  | D# | Democratic

|

R# | Republican
UU# | Unconditional Unionist
U# | Unionist
V# | Vacant

## Race summaries

[edit]

### Elections during the 38th Congress

[edit]

In these elections — some special and some initial — the winners were seated during 1864 or in 1865 before March 4; ordered by election date.

State  | Incumbent  | Results  | Candidates

|
|
|

Senator  | Party  | Electoral history
Maryland
(Class 3)  | Thomas Holliday Hicks | Unconditional
Unionist  | 1862 (appointed) | Interim appointee elected January 11, 1864[2] to finish the term.  |

* ▌Y Thomas Holliday Hicks (Unconditional Unionist)
* [data missing]

Delaware
(Class 1)  | James A. Bayard Jr. | Democratic  | 1851
1857
1863 | Incumbent resigned January 29, 1864.
Winner elected January 29, 1864.
Democratic hold.  |

* ▌Y George R. Riddle (Democratic)
* [data missing]

Nevada
(Class 1)  | None (new state)  | Nevada's first Senators were elected February 1, 1865.
Republican gain. |

* ▌Y William M. Stewart (Republican)
* [data missing]

Nevada
(Class 3)  | Nevada's first Senators were elected February 1, 1865.
Republican gain. |

* ▌Y James W. Nye (Republican)
* [data missing]

Virginia
(Class 1)  | Lemuel J. Bowden | Unionist  | 1863 | Incumbent died January 2, 1864.
Winner elected sometime in 1865.
The Senate refused to seat him to avoid setting a precedent for allowing premature re-entry of Confederate states.[3]
Unionist loss.
Seat remained vacant until 1870.  |

* ▌Y Joseph Segar (Unionist)
* [data missing]

### Elections leading to the 39th Congress

[edit]

In these regular elections, the winners were elected for the term beginning March 4, 1865; ordered by state.

All of the elections involved the Class 2 seats.

State  | Incumbent  | Results  | Candidates

|
|
|

Senator  | Party  | Electoral
history
Alabama | Vacant since January 21, 1861 when Clement Claiborne Clay (D) withdrew.  | Legislature failed to elect during Civil War and Reconstruction.
Seat remained vacant until 1868.  | None.
Arkansas | Vacant since July 11, 1861 when William K. Sebastian (D) was expelled.  | Legislature failed to elect during Civil War and Reconstruction.
Seat remained vacant until 1868.  | None.
Delaware | Willard Saulsbury Sr. | Democratic  | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected in 1864.  |

* ▌Y Willard Saulsbury Sr. (Democratic)
* [data missing]

Georgia | Vacant since February 4, 1861 when Robert Toombs (D) withdrew.  | Legislature failed to elect during Civil War and Reconstruction.
Seat remained vacant until 1871.  | None.
Illinois | William A. Richardson | Democratic  | 1863 (special) | Incumbent retired.
New senator elected in 1864 or 1865.
Republican gain. |

* ▌Y Richard Yates (Republican)
* [data missing]

Iowa | James W. Grimes | Republican  | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected January 11, 1864.  |

* ▌Y James W. Grimes (Republican) 128
* ▌John D. Jennings (Unknown) 5
* ▌"Mr. Love" (Unknown) 1[4]

Kansas | James H. Lane | Republican  | 1861 | Incumbent re-elected in 1865.  |

* ▌Y James H. Lane (Republican)
* [data missing]

Kentucky | Lazarus W. Powell | Democratic  | 1858 | Incumbent retired or lost re-election.
New senator elected January 11, 1865.
Democratic hold.  |

* ▌Y James Guthrie (Union Democratic) 65
* ▌ Lovell Rousseau (Union Democratic) 56
* ▌ John B. Huston (Union Democratic) 3
* ▌ William O. Butler (Peace Democratic) 2
* ▌ Landaff Andrews (Union Democratic) 1

Louisiana | Vacant since February 4, 1861 when Judah P. Benjamin (D) withdrew.  | Legislature failed to elect during Civil War and Reconstruction.
Seat remained vacant until 1868.  | None.
Maine | Nathan A. Farwell | Republican  | 1864 (appointed) | Interim appointee retired.
New senator elected in 1864 or 1865.
Republican hold.  |

* ▌Y William P. Fessenden (Republican)
* [data missing]

Massachusetts | Henry Wilson | Republican  | 1855 (special)
1859 | Incumbent re-elected in 1865.  |

* ▌Y Henry Wilson (Republican)
* [data missing]

Michigan | Jacob M. Howard | Republican  | 1862 (special) | Incumbent re-elected in 1865.  |

* ▌Y Jacob M. Howard (Republican)
* [data missing]

Minnesota | Morton S. Wilkinson | Republican  | 1858 or 1859  | Incumbent retired.
New senator elected in 1865.
Republican hold.  |

* ▌Y Daniel S. Norton (Republican) 46 votes (77.97%)
* ▌James George (Democratic) 13 votes (22.03%)[5]

Mississippi | Vacant since January 12, 1861 when Albert G. Brown (D) withdrew.  | Legislature failed to elect during Civil War and Reconstruction.
Seat remained vacant until 1870.  | None.
New Hampshire | John P. Hale | Republican  | 1846
1853 (retired)
1855 (special) | Incumbent retired or lost re-election.
New senator elected in 1864.
Republican hold.  |

* ▌Y Aaron H. Cragin (Republican)
* [data missing]

New Jersey | John C. Ten Eyck | Republican  | 1858 | Incumbent lost re-election.
New senator elected in 1864.
Democratic gain.
Election was later disputed and seat declared vacant.  |

* ▌Y John P. Stockton (Democratic)
* ▌John C. Ten Eyck (Republican)
* [data missing]

North Carolina | Vacant since March 6, 1861 when Thomas Bragg (D) resigned.  | Legislature failed to elect during Civil War and Reconstruction.
Seat remained vacant until 1868.  | None.
Oregon | Benjamin F. Harding | Democratic  | 1862 (special) | Incumbent retired.
New senator elected in 1864.
Republican gain. |

* ▌Y George H. Williams (Republican)
* [data missing]

Rhode Island | Henry B. Anthony | Republican  | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected in 1864.  |

* ▌Y Henry B. Anthony (Republican)
* [data missing]

South Carolina | Vacant since November 10, 1860 when James Chesnut Jr. (D) withdrew.  | Legislature failed to elect during Civil War and Reconstruction.
Seat remained vacant until 1868.  | None.
Tennessee | Vacant since March 3, 1861 when Alfred O. P. Nicholson (D) withdrew.  | Legislature failed to elect during Civil War and Reconstruction.
Seat remained vacant until 1866.  | None.
Texas | Vacant since July 11, 1861 when John Hemphill (D) was expelled.  | Legislature failed to elect during Civil War and Reconstruction.
Seat remained vacant until 1870.  | None.
Virginia | John S. Carlile | Unionist  | 1861 | Incumbent retired.
Winner elected in 1865.
The Senate refused to seat him to avoid setting a precedent for allowing premature re-entry of Confederate states.[3]
Unionist loss.
Seat remained vacant until 1870.  |

* ▌Y John Curtiss Underwood (Unionist)
* [data missing]

West Virginia | Waitman T. Willey | Unconditional
Unionist  | 1863 | Incumbent re-elected in 1865 as a Republican.
Republican gain. |

* ▌Y Waitman T. Willey (Republican) 53 votes
* ▌Lee Roy Kramer (Republican) 7 votes
* ▌Daniel Polsley (Republican) 6 votes
* ▌Archibald Campbell (Republican) 2 votes
* ▌David Hunter Strother (Unknown) 1 vote

### Elections during the 39th Congress

[edit]

In this election, the winner was elected in 1865 after March 4.

1864 United States Senate special election in Maryland | ← 1861 | December 1864 | 1865 →

|
|

* * *

80 members of the Maryland General Assembly
|   |  |

|
|

Candidate  | Thomas Holliday Hicks |
Party  | Unconditional Unionist |
Legislative vote  | - |
Percentage  | -% |
State  | Incumbent  | Results  | Candidates

|
|
|

Senator  | Party  | Electoral history
Maryland
(Class 3)  | Thomas Holliday Hicks | Unconditional
Unionist  | 1862 (appointed)
1864 (special) | Incumbent died February 14, 1865.
New senator elected March 9, 1865.
Unconditional Unionist hold.  |

* ▌Y John Creswell (Unconditional Unionist)
* [data missing]

## Maryland

[edit]

See also: List of United States senators from Maryland

### Maryland (1864 special)

[edit]

This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (November 2022)

|

James Pearce died, and Thomas Holliday Hicks was appointed to his seat. He then won election to finish the rest of the term by an unknown margin of votes, for the Class 3 seat.[6]

1865 United States Senate special election in Maryland | ← 1864 | February 1865 | 1868 →

|
|

* * *

80 members of the Maryland General Assembly
|   |  |

|
|

Candidate  | John Creswell |
Party  | Unconditional Unionist |
Legislative vote  | - |
Percentage  | -% |

### Maryland (1865 special)

[edit]

This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (November 2022)

|

Thomas Holliday Hicks died, and John Creswell was appointed to his seat. He then won election to finish the rest of the term by an unknown margin of votes, for the Class 3 seat.[7]

## West Virginia

[edit]

Incumbent Waitman T. Willey was re-elected by the legislature to his first full term as United States Senator, with Willey being elected as a Republican. Willey would serve his term until 1871.

1865 United States Senate election in West Virginia

* * *

| ← 1863 | January 31, 1865 | 1871 →

|
|

* * *

Needed to win: Majority of votes cast jointly by the Legislature
69 votes cast; 35 votes needed
|   |  |

|
|

Candidate  | Waitman Willey |
Party  | Republican |
First ballot  | 53 votes
76.8% |

* * *

| U.S. senator before election

Waitman Willey
Unconditional Union

| Elected U.S. senator

Waitman Willey
Republican

|

Willey was the only candidate to be formally nominated, though attempted nominations were made of Archibald Campbell and House Speaker Lee Roy Kramer. Campbell's nomination was promptly withdrawn, and Kramer declined his.[8]

Party  | Candidate  | 1st Ballot

|
|

Votes  | %
| Republican | Waitman Willey | 53 | 76.8
| Republican | Lee Roy Kramer  | 7  | 10.1
| Republican | Daniel Polsley | 6  | 8.7
| Republican | Archibald Campbell | 2  | 2.9
| Republican | David Hunter Strother | 1  | 1.4
Total  | 69  | 100
Needed to win  | 35  | >50

## See also

[edit]

* 1864 United States elections
* 1864 United States presidential election
* 1864–65 United States House of Representatives elections
* 38th United States Congress
* 39th United States Congress

## Notes

[edit]

1. ^ as Republican Conference Chair

## References

[edit]

1. ^ "17th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution: Direct Election of U.S. Senators (1913)". National Archives and Records Administration. February 8, 2022.
2. ^ Byrd & Wolff, page 120
3. ^ a b "Musical Chairs (1861–1869)". United States Senate. Retrieved March 20, 2009.
4. ^ Clark, Dan Elbert (1913). "History of Senatorial Elections in Iowa"., page 131
5. ^ University of Minnesota Libraries, University of Minnesota. "1865 Minnesota U.S. Senate Election". Minnesota Historical Election Archive. Archived from the original on August 24, 2021. Retrieved August 24, 2021.
6. ^ "Our Campaigns - MD US Senate Race - Dec 00, 1862". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved November 5, 2022.
7. ^ "Our Campaigns - MD US Senate Race - Feb 00, 1865". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved November 5, 2022.
8. ^ Journal of the House of Delegates of West Virginia for the Session Commencing January 17, 1865. Wheeling: West Virginia Legislature. 1865. p. 57.

* Party Division in the Senate, 1789-Present, via Senate.gov
* Byrd, Robert C.; Wolff, Wendy (October 1, 1993). The Senate, 1789-1989: Historical Statistics, 1789-1992 (volume 4 Bicentennial ed.). U.S. Government Printing Office. ISBN 9780160632563.

* v
* t
* e

United States Senate elections

1788–1913
(elected by state
legislatures)|

* 1788–89
* 1790–91
* 1792–93
* 1794–95
* 1796–97
* 1798–99
* 1800–01
* 1802–03
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* 1826–27
* 1828–29
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* 1834–35
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* 1850–51
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* 1854–55
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* 1878–79
* 1880–81
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* 1884–85
* 1886–87
* 1888–89
* 1890–91
* 1892–93
* 1894–95
* 1896–97
* 1898–99
* 1900–01
* 1902–03
* 1904–05
* 1906–07
* 1908–09
* 1910–11
* 1912–13

1914–present
(popular election)|

| Regulars
and
even-year
specials|

* 1914
* 1916
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* 2016
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|

Odd-year
specials|

* 1913
* Georgia
* Maryland
* 1921
* 1923
* 1925
* 1931
* 1933
* 1937
* 1941
* 1947
* 1949
* 1957
* 1959
* 1961
* 1974–75
* 1983
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* 2017
* 2020–21
* List of all specials

Elections by state|

* Alabama
* Alaska
* Arizona
* Arkansas
* California
* Colorado
* Connecticut
* Delaware
* District of Columbia
* Florida
* Georgia
* Hawaii
* Idaho
* Illinois
* Indiana
* Iowa
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* Virginia
* Washington
* West Virginia
* Wisconsin
* Wyoming

* Special elections
* Election disputes
* Results by state
* List of US elections
* House elections
* Presidential elections
* Gubernatorial elections

* v
* t
* e

Reconstruction era

Participants|

Federal government

* Presidents
* Abraham Lincoln
* Andrew Johnson
* Ulysses S. Grant
* Rutherford B. Hayes

* Congress
* 38
* 39
* 40
* 41
* 42
* 43
* 44
* 45
* Radical Republicans
* Moderate Republicans
* Conservative Republicans
* African-American senators
* African-American representatives
* Reconstruction Amendments
* United States Congressional Joint Committee on Reconstruction
* United States House Select Committee on Reconstruction

* Federal judiciary
* Taney Court
* Chase Court
* Waite Court

* Federal bureaucracy
* Edwin Stanton
* Freedmen's Bureau
* Justice Department

|

State governments

* Southern United States
* Confederate States of America

Others|

* African Americans
* Free people of color
* Freedman
* Politicians
* Carpetbaggers
* Ku Klux Klan
* Scalawag
* Redeemers
* White League
* Red Shirts
* Democratic Party
* Bourbon Democrat
* Horatio Seymour
* Samuel J. Tilden
* Republican Party
* Stalwarts
* Charles Sumner
* Thaddeus Stevens
* Lyman Trumbull
* Benjamin Wade
* John Bingham
* James Mitchell Ashley
* Freedman's Savings Bank
* Women during the Reconstruction era

Elections|

Presidential

* 1864
* DNC
* National Union Convention
* Radical Democratic Party

* 1868
* DNC
* RNC

* 1872
* DNC
* RNC
* Liberal Republican Party
* Straight-Out Democratic Party
* Victoria Woodhull

* 1876
* DNC
* RNC
* Greenback Convention
* Prohibition Convention
* Electoral Commission
* Compromise of 1877

|

U.S. Senate|

* 1864–65
* 1866–67
* 1868–69
* 1870–71
* 1872–73
* 1874–75
* 1876–77

U.S. House|

* 1864–65
* 1866–67
* 1868–69
* 1870–71
* 1872–73
* 1874–75
* 1876–77

Gubernatorial|

* 1863
* Alabama
* California
* Connecticut
* Kentucky
* Massachusetts
* Minnesota
* New Hampshire
* Ohio
* Pennsylvania
* Virginia
* Vermont
* Wisconsin
* West Virginia

* 1864
* Connecticut
* Illinois
* Indiana
* Louisiana
* Maryland
* Massachusetts
* Michigan
* Missouri
* New Hampshire
* Vermont
* West Virginia

* 1865
* Connecticut
* Florida
* Louisiana
* Massachusetts
* Minnesota
* New Jersey
* Ohio
* South Carolina
* Vermont
* Wisconsin

* 1866
* Connecticut
* Delaware
* Massachusetts
* Maine
* Michigan
* North Carolina
* Oregon
* Pennsylvania
* Texas
* Vermont
* West Virginia

* 1867
* California
* Connecticut
* Kentucky
* Massachusetts
* Maryland
* Maine
* Minnesota
* Ohio
* Vermont
* Wisconsin

* 1868
* Alabama
* Connecticut
* Florida
* Illinois
* Indiana
* Kentucky (special)
* Louisiana
* Massachusetts
* Maine
* Michigan
* Missouri
* North Carolina
* New Jersey
* South Carolina
* Vermont
* West Virginia

* 1869
* Connecticut
* Iowa
* Massachusetts
* Maine
* Minnesota
* Mississippi
* Ohio
* Pennsylvania
* Rhode Island
* Virginia
* Vermont
* Wisconsin

* 1870
* Alabama
* Connecticut
* Delaware
* Massachusetts
* Maine
* Michigan
* Missouri
* Oregon
* Rhode Island
* South Carolina
* Vermont
* West Virginia

* 1871
* California
* Connecticut
* Iowa
* Kentucky
* Massachusetts
* Maryland
* Maine
* Minnesota
* New Jersey
* Ohio
* Rhode Island
* Wisconsin

* 1872
* Alabama
* Connecticut
* Florida
* Illinois
* Indiana
* Louisiana
* Massachusetts
* Maine
* Michigan
* Missouri
* North Carolina
* Pennsylvania
* Rhode Island
* South Carolina
* Vermont
* West Virginia

* 1873
* Connecticut
* Iowa
* Massachusetts
* Maine
* Minnesota
* Mississippi
* Ohio
* Texas
* Virginia
* Wisconsin

* 1874
* Alabama
* Connecticut
* Delaware
* Kansas
* Massachusetts
* Maine
* Michigan
* Missouri
* New Jersey
* Nevada
* Oregon
* South Carolina
* Vermont

* 1875
* California
* Connecticut
* Iowa
* Kentucky
* Massachusetts
* Maryland
* Maine
* Minnesota
* Ohio
* Ohio
* Wisconsin

* 1876
* Alabama
* Colorado
* Connecticut April
* Connecticut November
* Florida
* Illinois
* Indiana
* Kansas
* Louisiana
* Massachusetts
* Maine
* Michigan
* Missouri
* North Carolina
* Rhode Island
* South Carolina
* Vermont
* West Virginia

U.S. elections|

* 1864
* 1866
* 1868
* 1870
* 1872
* 1874
* 1876

Key events|

| Prelude|

* American Indian Wars
* Slavery in the United States
* A Vindication of the Rights of Woman (1792)
* The Equality of the Sexes and the Condition of Women (1838)
* Woman in the Nineteenth Century (1839)
* Seneca Falls Convention (1848)
* National Women's Rights Convention (1850)
* American Civil War
* Confiscation Act of 1861
* Confiscation Act of 1862
* District of Columbia Compensated Emancipation Act (1862)
* Militia Act of 1862

|

1863|

* Emancipation Proclamation
* General Order No. 143
* Lincoln's presidential Reconstruction
* Ten percent plan
* National Bank Act
* Women's Loyal National League
* New York City draft riots
* 1863 State of the Union Address

1864|

* Wade–Davis Bill
* 1864 elections
* 1864 State of the Union Address

1865|

* 13th Amendment
* Second inauguration of Abraham Lincoln
* Address
* Black Codes
* Special Field Orders No. 15
* Freedmen's Bureau
* Freedmen's Bureau bills
* Confederates surrender at Appomattox
* Assassination of Abraham Lincoln
* Shaw University
* New Departure
* 1865 State of the Union Address
* Founding of the Ku Klux Klan

1866|

* Civil Rights Act of 1866
* Memphis massacre of 1866
* New Orleans Massacre of 1866
* Swing Around the Circle
* Southern Homestead Act of 1866
* Fort Smith Conference and Cherokee Reconstruction Treaty of 1866
* Choctaw and Chickasaw Treaty of Washington of 1866
* Tennessee readmitted to Union
* Petition for Universal Freedom
* National Labor Union
* Ex parte Garland
* Ex parte Milligan
* Slave Kidnapping Act of 1866

* 1866 elections

1867|

* Tenure of Office Act
* Command of Army Act
* Indian Peace Commission
* Knights of the White Camelia
* Pulaski riot
* Reconstruction Acts
* Reconstruction military districts
* Constitutional conventions of 1867
* Habeas Corpus Act of 1867
* Peonage Act of 1867
* First impeachment inquiry into Andrew Johnson
* 1867 State of the Union Address

1868|

* 14th Amendment
* Second impeachment inquiry into Andrew Johnson
* Impeachment of Andrew Johnson
* Timeline
* Impeachment trial of Andrew Johnson
* Impeachment managers investigation
* Articles of impeachment
* Arkansas readmitted to Union
* Florida readmitted to Union
* North Carolina readmitted to Union
* South Carolina readmitted to Union
* Louisiana readmitted to Union
* Alabama readmitted to Union
* Opelousas massacre
* Fourth Reconstruction Act
* Georgia v. Stanton
* 1868 elections
* 1868 State of the Union Address

1869|

* National Woman Suffrage Association
* American Woman Suffrage Association
* Alabama Claims
* Proposed annexation of Santo Domingo
* Board of Indian Commissioners
* Public Credit Act of 1869
* Black Friday (1869)
* Ex parte McCardle
* First transcontinental railroad
* 1869 State of the Union Address

1870|

* 15th Amendment
* Enforcement Act of 1870
* Justice Department
* Naturalization Act of 1870
* Kirk–Holden war
* Shoffner Act
* 1870 elections
* 1870 State of the Union Address

1871|

* Ku Klux Klan hearings
* Second Enforcement Act
* Ku Klux Klan Act
* Alcorn State University
* Meridian race riot of 1871
* Treaty of Washington
* New York custom house ring
* Civil service commission
* United States expedition to Korea
* 1871 State of the Union Address

1872|

* General Mining Act of 1872
* Crédit Mobilier scandal
* Modoc War
* Star Route scandal
* Salary Grab Act
* Amnesty Act
* 1872 elections
* 1872 State of the Union Address

1873|

* Panic of 1873
* Colfax massacre
* Timber Culture Act
* Slaughter-House Cases
* Virginius Affair
* Coinage Act of 1873
* Long Depression
* Comstock laws
* 1873 State of the Union Address

1874|

* Brooks–Baxter War
* Battle of Liberty Place
* Coushatta massacre
* Red River War
* Timber Culture Act
* White League
* Election Massacre of 1874
* Vicksburg massacre
* Black Hills Gold Rush
* Sanborn incident
* Anti-Moiety Acts
* 1874 elections
* 1874 State of the Union Address

1875|

* United States v. Cruikshank
* Civil Rights Act of 1875
* Red Shirts
* Mississippi Plan
* Clifton Riot of 1875
* Yazoo City Riot of 1875
* Specie Payment Resumption Act
* Whiskey Ring
* Wheeler Compromise
* Delano affair
* Pratt & Boyd
* 1875 State of the Union Address

1876|

* Hamburg massacre
* South Carolina civil disturbances of 1876
* Ellenton massacre
* Great Sioux War of 1876
* Battle of the Little Bighorn
* United States v. Reese
* Trader post scandal
* Centennial Exposition
* Cattellism
* Safe burglary conspiracy
* 1876 elections
* 1876 State of the Union Address

1877|

* Electoral Commission
* Compromise of 1877
* Nez Perce War
* Desert Land Act
* Great Railroad Strike of 1877

Aftermath|

* Posse Comitatus Act (1878)
* Civil Rights Cases (1883)
* United States v. Harris (1883)
* Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)
* Williams v. Mississippi (1898)
* Wilmington massacre
* Giles v. Harris (1903)
* Disenfranchisement

Aspects|

| Historiography|

* Bibliography of the Reconstruction era
* James Shepherd Pike
* The Prostrate State (1874)
* James Bryce
* The American Commonwealth (1888)
* Claude G. Bowers
* The Tragic Era (1929)
* Columbia University
* John Burgess
* Walter L. Fleming
* Dunning School
* William Archibald Dunning
* Charles A. Beard
* Howard K. Beale
* W. E. B. Du Bois
* Black Reconstruction in America (1935)
* C. Vann Woodward
* Joel Williamson
* William R. Brock
* The American Crisis (1963)
* John Hope Franklin
* From Slavery to Freedom (1947)
* After Slavery (1965)
* Leon Litwack
* Been in the Storm So Long (1979)
* Eric Foner
* Reconstruction: America's Unfinished Revolution, 1863–1877 (1988)
* Kenneth M. Stampp
* Steven Hahn
* A Nation Under Our Feet (2003)
* The Second Founding: How the Civil War and Reconstruction Remade the Constitution (2019)

|

Memory|

* Winslow Homer
* A Visit from the Old Mistress (1876)
* Thomas Dixon Jr.
* The Leopard's Spots (1902)
* The Clansman: A Historical Romance of the Ku Klux Klan (1905)
* D. W. Griffith
* The Birth of a Nation (1915)
* United Daughters of the Confederacy
* Gone with the Wind (1939)
* David W. Blight
* Race and Reunion (2001)

Legacy|

* Women's suffrage in the United States
* Labor history of the United States
* Gilded Age
* Jim Crow era
* Civil rights movement
* American frontier

Other topics|

* African American founding fathers of the United States
* Forty acres and a mule
* Habeas corpus
* History of the United States (1865–1917)
* Paramilitary
* Race (human categorization)
* Reconstruction Treaties
* Suffrage
* Technological and industrial history of the United States
* White supremacy
* Whitecapping

* Category

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