1867 Canadian federal election

* * *

|  | August 7 – September 20, 1867 (1867-08-07 – 1867-09-20) | 1872 ->

|
|

elected members ->

* * *

181 seats in the House of Commons
91 seats needed for a majority
Registered| 361,028[1]
Turnout| 74.3%[a]
|  | First party  | Second party  | Third party

|
|
|

Leader  | John A. Macdonald | George Brown (unofficial) | Joseph Howe
Party  | Conservative | Liberal | Anti-Confederation
Leader's seat  | Kingston | Ran in Ontario South (lost) | Hants
Seats won  | 100[b] | 62  | 18
Popular vote  | 93,412 | 60,818  | 21,239
Percentage  | 34.8% | 22.7%  | 7.9%

* * *

Popular vote by electoral riding. (Because seats are awarded by the popular vote in each riding, the provincial popular vote does not necessarily translate to more seats.)

* * *

| Prime Minister before election

John A. Macdonald
Conservative

| Prime Minister after election

John A. Macdonald
Conservative

|

The 1867 Canadian federal election was held from August 7 to September 20, 1867, and was the first election of Canada. It was held to elect members representing electoral districts in the provinces of Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Ontario and Quebec to the House of Commons of the 1st Canadian Parliament. The provinces of Manitoba (1870) and British Columbia (1871) were created during the term of the 1st Parliament of Canada and were not part of this election.

Sir John A. Macdonald had been sworn in as prime minister by the Governor General, Lord Monck, when the new Canadian nation was founded on 1 July 1867. As leader of the Conservative Party of Canada (known as the Liberal-Conservative Party until 1873), he led his party in this election and continued as Prime Minister of Canada when the Conservatives won a majority of the seats in the election, including majorities of the seats (and votes) in the new provinces of Ontario and Quebec.

The Liberal Party of Canada won the second most seats overall, including a majority of the seats (and votes) in the province of New Brunswick. The Liberals did not have a party leader in the election. George Brown, who was the leader of the Liberal Party of Ontario, was considered the "elder statesman" of the national party. Brown ran concurrently for seats in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario and the House of Commons of Canada, and might well have been Prime Minister in the unlikely event that the Liberals prevailed over the Conservatives in the national election. Brown failed to win a seat in either body, and the national Liberals remained officially leaderless until 1873.

The Anti-Confederation Party, led by Joseph Howe, won the third most seats overall, based solely on a majority of seats (and votes) in the province of Nova Scotia. Their main desire was the reversal of the decision to join Confederation, which had become highly unpopular in that province. The goals of the Anti-Confederation Members of Parliament (MPs) were openly supported by five of the Liberal MPs of New Brunswick. The Anti-Confederation MPs sat with the Liberal caucus. When the government in Britain refused to allow Nova Scotia to secede, a majority of the Anti-Confederation MPs (11 of 18) moved to the Conservatives.

Halifax was a two-member riding at the time of the election, while the City of Saint John was represented by its own district and the County of Saint John. The election in Kamouraska, Quebec was delayed due to rioting.

## Election

[edit]

The first Canadian election took place without a uniform set of election laws to govern the selection of members to the House of Commons,[2] an interim measure until Parliament could pass its own election laws, which did not come until 1885.[3] Instead, the election was contested under the rules set by each individual province prior to confederation, and future elections would be contested under provincial rules until a time when federal parliament set their own rules. Because of this, voting rights were inconsistent, as was the method of casting a ballot.[2] The BNA Act did stipulate that in the district of Algoma any male British subject of 21 years of age or older, "being a householder," would have the right to vote.

The election took place over a six week period from August 7 to September 20, with electoral district polls closing at different dates throughout the period.[4] Under the system each electoral district was required to be polled in one day, but the day did not have to be the same across all electoral districts. The exception to the extended polling period (often called "polling circuits") being Nova Scotia which abolished the practice of polling different districts on different days after excessive violence was reported in the 1843 election.[5]

### Franchise

[edit]

The basic general requirement to vote across provinces was the requirement to be a male British subject 21 years of age or older. Voting was conducted in Ontario, Quebec and Nova Scotia through oral vote which required an eligible elector to declare their choice.[4] New Brunswick had adopted a form of secret ballot in 1855,[4] where electors write the name of a candidate on a piece of paper and deposit the vote in a ballot box.[2]

In all provinces, women and government employees including civil servants, judges, police and prosecutors were not permitted to vote.[2] Indigenous individuals who met property criteria were excluded from voting eligibility in most provinces if they received a benefit paid by the government.[2]

The Ontario elections laws were updated in 1866, with electors required to meet a property qualification of being an owner or tenant with a property value listed on the assessment roll of $600 in a city, $400 in a town, $300 in an incorporated village, and $100 in a township or police village.[6][7][2][c] Furthermore, urban residents must prove an annual income of at least $250.[8] An estimated 16.5 per cent of the population of Ontario was enfranchised for the 1867 election.[2] In Quebec, the property qualification for being an owner was $300 in urban areas and $200 in rural areas, and a tenant required a rent of $30 in an urban area or $20 in a rural area.[8][9] Nova Scotia's election laws were passed in 1863, and had a property qualification for owners or tenants of $150, and enfranchised persons with $300 of personal property.[10][8][11] while New Brunswick had a property qualification for owners of $100 and an annual income of $400, but also gave the vote to anyone who owned real or personal property with a total value of $400 or more.[8][12]

### Electoral system, Representation by population

[edit]

The number of members in each province in Confederation was set by the Constitution Act, 1867 on the principle of representation by population.[13] The Act provided Quebec a minimum of 65 seats and seat allotment for the remainder of the country was based by dividing the average population of Quebec's 65 electoral districts to determine the number of seats for other provinces.[14] The Act also specified that distribution and boundary reviews should occur after each 10 year census.[14]

The BNA Act established that there would be 181 MPs ("subject to provisions of this Act") - 82 from Ontario, 65 from Quebec, 19 from Nova Scotia, and 15 from New Brunswick. Each would be elected in a single-member district, except there would be two elected in Halifax.[15] Each voter cast one vote, except the Halifax voters who cast up to two votes (Plurality block voting).[16]

## Results

[edit]

Party  | Party leader  | # of
candidates  | Elected  | Popular vote
#  | %
| Conservative | Sir John A. Macdonald | 83  | 71 | 64,179  | 23.92%
| Liberal-Conservative[b] | 32  | 29 | 29,730  | 11.08%
| Liberal | none (unofficially, George Brown)  | 66  | 62 | 60,818  | 22.67%
| Anti-Confederation[d] | Joseph Howe | 20  | 18 | 21,239  | 7.92%
| Independents  | 1  | \-  | 1,756  | 0.65%
| Independent Liberal  | 1  | \-  | 1,048  | 0.39%
| Unknown  | 140  | \-  | 89,547  | 33.37%
| Vacant - 1  | - | 0  | - | -
Total | 343 | 180 | 268,317 | 100%
Source: [17]

Acclamations

The following MPs were acclaimed:

* Ontario: 3 Conservative, 3 Liberal-Conservatives, 9 Liberals
* Quebec: 14 Conservatives, 5 Liberal-Conservatives, 4 Liberals
* New Brunswick: 1 Conservative, 3 Liberals
* Nova Scotia: 4 Anti-Confederates

Vacancy

The election in Kamouraska, Quebec, was cancelled due to rioting at the polling places. No member was elected for the riding until a by-election in 1869.[18]

### Results by province

[edit]

Party name  | Ontario | Quebec |  NB |  NS | Total

|
|
|
|
|

| Conservative | Seats  | 33  | 36  | 1  | 1  | 71
| Vote  | 26.2%  | 28.5%  |  | 13.8%  | 23.2%
| Liberal-Conservative | Seats  | 16  | 11  | 2  | \-  | 29
| Vote  | 12.5%  | 12.3%  | 11.1%  | 3.5%  | 11.1%
| Liberal | Seats  | 33  | 17  | 12  |  | 62
| Vote  | 23.7%  | 25.2%  | 49.5%  |  | 22.7%
| Anti-Confederation | Seats  |  |  |  | 18  | 18
| Vote  |  |  |  | 58.2%  | 7.9%
| Unknown  | Seats  | \-  | \-  | \-  | \-  | \-
| Vote  | 35.6%  | 34.1%  | 39.3%  | 23.06%  | 34%
| Independent  | Seats  | \-  |  |  |  | \-
| Vote  | 1.3%  |  |  |  | 0.7%
| Independent Liberal  | Seats  | \-  |  |  |  | \-
| Vote  | 0.7%  |  |  |  | 0.4%
Total seats  | 82  | 64  | 15  | 19  | 180

### By district

[edit]

#### Nova Scotia

[edit]

##### Western Nova Scotia

[edit]

Electoral District  | Candidates  |  | Incumbent

|
|
|

| Winner  |  | Runner up  |  | Other
Annapolis |  | William Hallett Ray (A Conf)
1,171  |  | Avard Longley (Cons.)
1,016  |  |  |  | William Hallett Ray, Avard Longley & George Whitman
Colchester |  | Archibald McLelan (A Conf.)
1,649  |  | Adams George Archibald (Lib.-Cons.)
1,289  |  |  |  | Archibald McLelan, William Blackwood, Adams George Archibald & Francis R. Parker
Cumberland |  | Charles Tupper (Cons.)
1,368  |  | William Annand (A Conf.)
1,271  |  |  |  | Charles Tupper, Alexander Macfarlane & Robert Donkin
Digby |  | Alfred William Savary (A Conf)
792  |  | John Chipman Wade (Cons)
497  |  | William Mehan
362  |  | John Chipman Wade, Mathurin Robicheau, Colin Campbell
Halifax |  | Alfred Gilpin Jones (A Conf)
2,381
Patrick Power (A Conf)
2,367  |  | John Tobin
2,158
Samuel Leonard Shannon
2,154  |  |  |  | John Tobin, Samuel Leonard Shannon, Henry Pryor, William Annand & Henry Balcom
Hants |  | Joseph Howe (A Conf)
1,530  |  | James W. King
956  |  |  |  | Ezra Churchill, William Dawson Lawrence, James W. King & Lewis W. Hill
Kings |  | William Henry Chipman (A Conf.)
1,472  |  | J. N. Coleman
659  |  |  |  | Charles C. Hamilton, Caleb Rand Bill, Daniel Charles Moore & Edward L. Brown
Lunenburg |  | Edmund Mortimer McDonald (A Conf)
1,557  |  | Henry Kaulback
905  |  |  |  | Henry S. Jost, Henry Kaulback & Abraham Hebb
Queens |  | James F. Forbes (A Conf)
844  |  | John Campbell
271  |  |  |  | John Campbell, Andrew Cowie & Charles Allison
Shelburne |  | Thomas Coffin (A Conf)
Accl.  |  |  |  |  |  | Thomas Coffin, John Locke & Robert Robertson
Yarmouth |  | Thomas Killam (A Conf)
1,225  |  | George Stayley Brown
666  |  |  |  | Thomas Killam, George Stayley Brown & Isaac Hatfield

##### Eastern Nova Scotia

[edit]

Electoral District  | Candidates  |  | Incumbent

|
|
|

| Winner  |  | Runner up  |  | Other
Antigonish |  | Hugh McDonald (A Conf)
1,238  |  | William Alexander Henry (Cons.)
390  |  |  |  | William Alexander Henry & John McKinnon
Cape Breton |  | James McKeagney (A Conf.)
Accl.  |  |  |  |  |  | Thomas Caldwell & John George Bourinot
Guysborough |  | Stewart Campbell (A Conf.)
Accl.  |  |  |  |  |  | William O. Heffernan & Stewart Campbell
Inverness |  | Hugh Cameron (A Conf)
1,186  |  | Samuel McDonnell (Cons.)
601  |  |  |  | Hiram Blanchard, Peter Smyth & Samuel McDonnell
Pictou |  | James William Carmichael (A Conf)
2,011  |  | James McDonald (Cons.)
1,653  |  |  |  | James Fraser, James McDonald, Donald Fraser & Alexander MacKay
Richmond |  | William Joseph Croke (A Conf)
545  |  | Donovan
279  |  |  |  | Isaac LeVesconte & William Miller
Victoria |  | William Ross (A Conf.)
Accl.  |  |  |  |  |  | William Ross & Charles James Campbell

#### New Brunswick

[edit]

##### Northern New Brunswick

[edit]

Electoral District  | Candidates  |  | Incumbent

|
|
|

| Winner  |  | Runner up  |  | Other
Gloucester |  | Timothy Anglin (Lib)
1,061  |  | John Meahan
671  |  |  |  | Robert Young & John Meahan
Kent |  | Auguste Renaud (Lib)
876  |  | Lestock P. W. DesBrisay
757  |  | Owen McInerney
485
Robert Barry Cutler
4  |  | William Shand Caie & Owen McInerney
Northumberland |  | John Mercer Johnson (Lib)
1,226  |  | Thomas F. Gillespie
757  |  |  |  | John Mercer Johnson, Edward Williston, Richard Sutton, George Kerr
Restigouche |  | John McMillan (Lib)
370  |  | John Phillips
259  |  |  |  | John McMillan & Alexander C. DesBrisay
Victoria |  | John Costigan (Lib-Cons)
778  |  | William Blackwood Beveridge
549  |  | James Workman

James Tibbetts
0  |  | Benjamin Beveridge & Vital Hébert

##### Southern New Brunswick

[edit]

Electoral District  | Candidates  |  | Incumbent

|
|
|

| Winner  |  | Runner up  |  | Other
Albert |  | John Wallace (Lib)
778  |  | Henry J. Stevens
714  |  |  |  | Abner Reid McClelan & John Lewis
Carleton |  | Charles Connell (Lib)
acclaimed |  |  |  |  |  | Charles Connell & William Lindsay
Charlotte |  | John Bolton (Lib)
1,214  |  | Robert Thompson
918  |  |  |  | John McAdam, James G. Stevens, Francis Hibbard, James Watson Chandler
City and County of St. John |  | John Hamilton Gray (Cons)
acclaimed |  |  |  |  |  | Charles Nelson Skinner, John Hamilton Gray, Robert Duncan Wilmot, James Quinton
City of St. John |  | Samuel Leonard Tilley (Lib-Cons)
1,402  |  | John Wilson
610  |  |  |  | Samuel Leonard Tilley & Andrew Rainsford Wetmore
King's |  | George Ryan (Lib)
1,303  |  | George Otty
1,083  |  |  |  | George Ryan, William P. Flewelling, John Flewelling
Queen's |  | John Ferris (Lib)
acclaimed |  |  |  |  |  | John Ferris, Robert Thorne Babbit
Sunbury |  | Charles Burpee (Lib)
664  |  | William E. Perley
425  |  |  |  | John Glasier & William E. Perley
Westmorland |  | Albert James Smith (Lib)
2,207  |  | Israël Landry
454  |  |  |  | Albert James Smith, Bliss Botsford, Angus McQueen, Amand Landry
York |  | Charles Fisher (Lib)
acclaimed |  |  |  |  |  | Hiram Dow, Charles Fisher, Alexander Thompson, John Adolphus Beckwith

#### Quebec

[edit]

##### Eastern Quebec

[edit]

Electoral District  | Candidates  |  | Incumbent

|
|
|

| Winner  |  | Runner up  |  | Other
Bonaventure |  | Théodore Robitaille (Cons)
1,018  |  | M. Tremblay
444  |  |  |  | Théodore Robitaille (Bleu)
Dorchester |  | Hector Louis Langevin (Cons)
acclaimed |  |  |  |  |  | Hector Louis Langevin (Bleu)
Gaspé |  | Pierre-Étienne Fortin (Cons)
acclaimed |  |  |  |  |  | John Le Boutillier (Bleu)
Kamouraska |  | No election due to rioting |  |  |  |  |  | Jean-Charles Chapais (Bleu)
Lévis |  | Joseph-Goderic Blanchet (Lib-Cons)
acclaimed |  |  |  |  |  | Joseph-Goderic Blanchet (Bleu)
L'Islet |  | Barthélemy Pouliot (Cons)
464  |  | Louis-Bonaventure Caron
40  |  |  |  | Louis-Bonaventure Caron (Rouge)
Montmagny |  | Joseph-Octave Beaubien (Cons)
acclaimed |  |  |  |  |  | Joseph-Octave Beaubien (Bleu)
Rimouski |  | George Sylvain (Cons)
1,152  |  | Augustin Michaud
697  |  |  |  | George Sylvain (Bleu)
Témiscouata |  | Charles Bertrand (Cons)
acclaimed |  |  |  |  |  | Jean-Baptiste Pouliot (Rouge)

##### Quebec City area and Saguenay

[edit]

Electoral District  | Candidates  |  | Incumbent

|
|
|

| Winner  |  | Runner up  |  | Other
Charlevoix |  | Simon-Xavier Cimon (Cons)
999  |  | Adolphe Gagnon
911  |  |  |  | Adolphe Gagnon (Rouge)
Chicoutimi—Saguenay |  | Pierre-Alexis Tremblay (Liberal)
acclaimed |  |  |  |  |  | Pierre-Alexis Tremblay (Liberal)
Montmorency |  | Joseph-Édouard Cauchon (Cons)
acclaimed |  |  |  |  |  | Joseph-Édouard Cauchon (Bleu)
Quebec County |  | Pierre-Joseph-Olivier Chauveau (Cons)
acclaimed |  |  |  |  |  | François Évanturel (Liberal)
Quebec East |  | Pierre-Gabriel Huot (Liberal)
acclaimed |  |  |  |  |  | Pierre-Gabriel Huot (Rouge)
Quebec West |  | Thomas McGreevy (Lib-Cons)
acclaimed |  |  |  |  |  | Charles Joseph Alleyn (Cons)
Quebec-Centre |  | Georges-Honoré Simard (Cons)
1,291  |  | P. Garneau
5  |  | Blanchet
2  |  | Isidore Thibaudeau (Rouge)

##### Central Quebec

[edit]

Electoral District  | Candidates  |  | Incumbent

|
|
|

| Winner  |  | Runner up  |  | Other
Berthier |  | Anselme-Homère Pâquet (Lib)
1,131  |  | L. Trachemontagne
1,095  |  |  |  | Anselme-Homère Pâquet (Rouge)
Champlain |  | John Jones Ross (Cons)
1,449  |  | M. Martineau
305  |  |  |  | John Jones Ross (Bleu)
Joliette |  | François Benjamin Godin (Lib)
918  |  | Louis François Georges Baby (Cons)
862  |  |  |  | Hippolite Cornellier (Bleu)
L'Assomption |  | Louis Archambeault (Lib-Cons)
898  |  | Pierre-Urgel Archambault
665  |  |  |  | Louis Archambeault (Rouge)
Lotbinière |  | Henri-Gustave Joly de Lotbinière (Lib)
acclaimed |  |  |  |  |  | Henri-Gustave Joly de Lotbinière (Rouge)
Maskinongé |  | George Caron (Cons)
702  |  | Moïse Houde
564  |  |  |  | Moïse Houde (Rouge)
Montcalm |  | Joseph Dufresne (Cons)
acclaimed |  |  |  |  |  | Joseph Dufresne (Bleu)
Nicolet |  | Joseph Gaudet (Cons)
1,070  |  | M. Rousseau
499  |  |  |  | Joseph Gaudet (Bleu)
Portneuf |  | Jean-Docile Brousseau (Cons)
1,027  |  | I. P. Dery
718  |  | Dubord
1  |  | Jean-Docile Brousseau (Lib-Cons)
Saint Maurice |  | Louis-Léon Lesieur Désaulniers (Cons)
acclaimed |  |  |  |  |  | Charles Gérin-Lajoie (Rouge)
Three Rivers |  | Louis-Charles Boucher de Niverville (Cons)
277  |  | C. B. Genest
143  |  |  |  | Louis-Charles Boucher de Niverville (Bleu)
Yamaska |  | Moïse Fortier (Lib)
797  |  | Joseph Albert Norbert Provencher (Cons)
760  |  |  |  | Moïse Fortier (Rouge)

##### Eastern Townships

[edit]

Electoral District  | Candidates  |  | Incumbent

|
|
|

| Winner  |  | Runner up  |  | Other
Bagot |  | Pierre-Samuel Gendron (Cons)
1,156  |  | Maurice Laframboise
889  |  |  |  | Maurice Laframboise (Rouge)
Beauce |  | Christian Pozer (Lib)
1,180  |  | Henri Elzéar Taschereau
629  |  |  |  | Henri Elzéar Taschereau (Bleu)
Bellechasse |  | Louis-Napoléon Casault (Cons)
983  |  | Édouard Rémillard
671  |  |  |  | Édouard Rémillard (Rouge)
Brome |  | Christopher Dunkin (Cons)
acclaimed |  |  |  |  |  | Christopher Dunkin (Cons)
Compton |  | John Henry Pope (Lib-Cons)
acclaimed |  |  |  |  |  | John Henry Pope (Cons)
Drummond—Arthabaska |  | Louis-Adélard Senécal (Cons)
1,135  |  | M. Houle
1,111  |  |  |  | Jean-Baptiste-Éric Dorion (Rouge)
Mégantic |  | George Irvine (Cons)
1,000  |  | P. O. Triganne
733  |  |  |  | George Irvine (Cons)
Missisquoi |  | Brown Chamberlin (Cons)
1,190  |  | Philip Henry Moore
497  |  |  |  | James O'Halloran (Rouge)
Richmond—Wolfe |  | William Hoste Webb (Cons)
1,137  |  | Beique
903  |  |  |  | William Hoste Webb (Cons)
Shefford |  | Lucius Seth Huntington (Lib)
1,317  |  | Parmelee
991  |  |  |  | Lucius Seth Huntington (Rouge)
Sherbrooke (Town of) |  | Alexander Tilloch Galt (Lib-Cons)
acclaimed |  |  |  |  |  | Alexander Tilloch Galt (Lib-Cons)
Stanstead |  | Charles Carroll Colby (Lib-Cons)
814  |  | Albert Knight
616  |  |  |  | Albert Knight (Cons)

##### Montérégie Est

[edit]

Electoral District  | Candidates  |  | Incumbent

|
|
|

| Winner  |  | Runner up  |  | Other
Chambly |  | Pierre Basile Benoit (Cons)
691  |  | V. P. W. Dorion
526  |  |  |  | Charles Boucher de Boucherville (Bleu)
Iberville |  | François Béchard (Lib)
1,035  |  | Alexandre Dufresne
504  |  |  |  | Alexandre Dufresne (Rouge)
Richelieu |  | Thomas McCarthy (Cons)
777  |  | Joseph-Xavier Perrault
625  |  | P. Gélinas
450  |  | Joseph-Xavier Perrault (Rouge)
Rouville |  | Guillaume Cheval dit St-Jacques (Lib)
1,236  |  | Joseph-Napoléon Poulin
824  |  |  |  | Joseph-Napoléon Poulin (Bleu)
St. Hyacinthe |  | Alexandre-Édouard Kierzkowski (Lib)
1,107  |  | Rémi Raymond
929  |  |  |  | Rémi Raymond (Bleu)
St. John's |  | François Bourassa (Lib)
696  |  | Charles Laberge
600  |  |  |  | François Bourassa (Rouge)
Verchères |  | Félix Geoffrion (Lib)
831  |  | L. H. Massuee
740  |  |  |  | Félix Geoffrion (Rouge)

##### Vallée-du-Haut-Saint-Laurent

[edit]

Electoral District  | Candidates  |  | Incumbent

|
|
|

| Winner  |  | Runner up  |  | Other
Beauharnois |  | Michael Cayley (Cons)
724  |  | Paul Denis
691  |  |  |  | Paul Denis (Bleu)
Châteauguay |  | Luther Hamilton Holton (Lib)
1,013  |  | Thomas Kennedy Ramsay
586  |  |  |  | Luther Hamilton Holton (Rouge)
Huntingdon |  | John Rose (Lib-Cons)
1,280  |  | W. H. Kerr
468  |  |  |  | Robert Brown Somerville (Ind)
Laprairie |  | Alfred Pinsonneault (Cons)
750  |  | M. Normandeau
293  |  |  |  | Alfred Pinsonneault (Bleu)
Napierville |  | Sixte Coupal dit la Reine (Lib)
878  |  | M. Laviolette
344  |  |  |  | Sixte Coupal dit la Reine (Rouge)
Soulanges |  | Luc-Hyacinthe Masson (Cons)
729  |  | M. Guindon
470  |  |  |  | William Duckett (Cons)
Vaudreuil |  | Donald McMillan (Cons)
acclaimed |  |  |  |  |  | Antoine Chartier de Lotbinière Harwood (Cons)

##### Hochelaga Archipelago

[edit]

Electoral District  | Candidates  |  | Incumbent

|
|
|

| Winner  |  | Runner up  |  | Other
Hochelaga |  | Antoine-Aimé Dorion (Lib)
1,312  |  | J. Lanouette
1,289  |  |  |  | Antoine-Aimé Dorion (Rouge)
Jacques Cartier |  | Guillaume Gamelin Gaucher (Cons)
659  |  | M. Brunet
542  |  |  |  | Guillaume Gamelin Gaucher (Bleu)
Laval |  | Joseph-Hyacinthe Bellerose (Cons)
acclaimed |  |  |  |  |  | Joseph-Hyacinthe Bellerose (Bleu)
Montreal Centre |  | Thomas Workman (Lib)
acclaimed |  |  |  |  |  | John Rose (Cons)
Montreal East |  | George-Étienne Cartier (Lib-Cons)
2,431  |  | M. Lanctot (Lib)
2,085  |  |  |  | George-Étienne Cartier (Bleu)
Montreal West |  | Thomas D'Arcy McGee (Lib-Cons)
2,675  |  | Bernard Devlin (Lib)
2,478  |  |  |  | Thomas D'Arcy McGee (Cons)

##### Laurentides & Outaouais

[edit]

Electoral District  | Candidates  |  | Incumbent

|
|
|

| Winner  |  | Runner up  |  | Other
Argenteuil |  | John Abbott (Lib-Cons)
693  |  | B. Hutchins
595  |  |  |  | John Abbott (Lib)
Ottawa (County of) |  | Alonzo Wright (Lib-Cons)
acclaimed |  |  |  |  |  | Alonzo Wright (Cons)
Pontiac |  | Edmund Heath (Cons)
acclaimed |  |  |  |  |  | John Poupore (Bleu)
Terrebonne |  | Louis-Rodrigue Masson (Cons)
acclaimed |  |  |  |  |  | Louis Labrèche-Viger (Lib)
Two Mountains |  | Jean-Baptiste Daoust (Cons)
acclaimed |  |  |  |  |  | Jean-Baptiste Daoust (Reformer)

#### Ontario

[edit]

##### Ottawa Valley

[edit]

Electoral District  | Candidates  |  | Incumbent

|
|
|

| Winner  |  | Runner up  |  | Other
Carleton |  | John Holmes (Lib-Cons)
1,087  |  | John Rochester (Cons)
1,006  |  |  |  | William Frederick Powell (Cons)
Lanark North |  | William McDougall (Lib-Cons)
acclaimed |  |  |  |  |  | William McDougall (Reformer)
Lanark South |  | Alexander Morris (Cons)
acclaimed |  |  |  |  |  | Alexander Morris (Cons)
Ottawa (City of) |  | Joseph Merrill Currier (Lib-Cons)
974  |  | Alexander Gibb
25  |  | Edward McGillivray

E. Martineau

Moss Kent Dickinson

Philip Thompson
0  |  | Joseph Merrill Currier (Cons)
Prescott |  | Albert Hagar (Lib)
1,205  |  | Thomas Higginson
130  |  |  |  | Thomas Higginson (Cons)
Renfrew North |  | John Rankin (Cons)
613  |  | Thomas Murray
527  |  |  |  | Robert McIntyre (Reformer)
Renfrew
Renfrew South |  | Daniel McLachlin (Lib)
acclaimed |  |  |  |
Russell |  | James Alexander Grant (Cons)
1,293  |  | Robert Bell
695  |  |  |  | Robert Bell (Cons)

##### St. Lawrence Valley

[edit]

Electoral District  | Candidates  |  | Incumbent

|
|
|

| Winner  |  | Runner up  |  | Other
Addington |  | James Lapum (Cons)
1,120  |  | Schuyler Shibley (Lib-Cons)
991  |  | Henry Smith

Price

D. Cameron

Hamm

Lott
0  | New district
Brockville |  | James Crawford (Cons)
690  |  | Fitzwilliam Henry Chambers
521  |  |  |  | Fitzwilliam Henry Chambers (Reformer)
Cornwall |  | John Sandfield Macdonald (Lib)
451  |  | Mattice
295  |  |  |  | John Sandfield Macdonald (Reformer)
Dundas |  | John Sylvester Ross (Lib-Cons)
acclaimed |  |  |  |  |  | John Sylvester Ross (Cons)
Frontenac |  | Thomas Kirkpatrick (Cons)
1,242  |  | J. Carruthers
693  |  |  |  | William Ferguson (Cons)
Glengarry |  | Donald Alexander Macdonald (Lib)
acclaimed |  |  |  |  |  | Donald Alexander Macdonald (Reformer)
Grenville South |  | Walter Shanly (Cons)
899  |  | William Patrick
730  |  |  |  | Walter Shanly (Lib-Cons)
Grenville
Kingston |  | John A. Macdonald (Lib-Cons)
735  |  | John Stewart
142  |  |  |  | John A. Macdonald (Lib-Cons)
Leeds North and Grenville North |  | Francis Jones (Cons)
923  |  | G. Montgomery
857  |  |  |  | Francis Jones (Reformer)
North Leeds and Grenville
Leeds South |  | John Willoughby Crawford (Cons)
1,393  |  | Albert Norton Richards
1,364  |  |  |  | Albert Norton Richards (Reformer)
Lennox |  | Richard John Cartwright (Cons)
1,268  |  | John Thomas Grange
1,122  |  |  |  | Richard John Cartwright (Cons)
Lennox and Addington
Stormont |  | Samuel Ault (Lib-Cons)
955  |  | Sinclair
363  |  |  |  | Samuel Ault (Reformer)

##### Central Ontario

[edit]

Electoral District  | Candidates  |  | Incumbent

|
|
|

| Winner  |  | Runner up  |  | Other
Hastings East |  | Robert Read (Cons)
1,110  |  | J. J. Farley
457  |  |  | New district
Hastings North |  | Mackenzie Bowell (Cons)
928  |  | Thomas Campbell Wallbridge
636  |  | McLean
1  |  | Thomas Campbell Wallbridge (Reformer)
Hastings West |  | James Brown (Cons)
773  |  | Holden
313  |  |  |  | Lewis Wallbridge (Reformer)
South Hastings
Northumberland East |  | Joseph Keeler (Lib-Cons)
1,607  |  | Kenneth McKenzie
827  |  | Meyers
0  |  | James Lyons Biggar (Reformer)
Northumberland West |  | James Cockburn (Cons)
acclaimed |  |  |  |  |  | James Cockburn (Lib-Cons)
Peterborough East |  | Peregrine Maitland Grover (Cons)
956  |  | James Anderson
644  |  |  |  | Frederick W. Haultain (Cons)
Peterborough
Peterborough West |  | Charles Perry (Cons)
681  |  | J. Gordon
652  |  |
Prince Edward |  | Walter Ross (Lib)
1,779  |  | James Simeon McCuaig (Cons)
942  |  |  |  | Walter Ross (Reformer)
Victoria North |  | John Morison (Lib)
687  |  | Hector Cameron
403  |  |  |  | James Dunsford (Reformer)
Victoria
Victoria South |  | George Kempt (Lib)
1,001  |  | Hector Cameron
801  |  |

##### Greater Toronto Area

[edit]

Electoral District  | Candidates  |  | Incumbent

|
|
|

| Winner  |  | Runner up  |  | Other
Durham East |  | Francis Henry Burton (Cons.)
1,134  |  | F. Beamish
451  |  |  |  | John Shuter Smith (Reformer)
Durham West |  | Edward Blake (Cons.)
1,337  |  | J. Milne
931  |  |  |  | Henry Munro (Reformer)
Halton |  | John White (Lib.)
1,422  |  | George King Chisholm
1,289  |  |  |  | John White (Reformer)
Ontario North |  | John Hall Thompson (Lib.)
1,628  |  | Matthew Crooks Cameron (Lib.)
1,362  |  |  |  | Matthew Crooks Cameron (Cons.)
Ontario South |  | Thomas Nicholson Gibbs (Lib.-Cons.)
1,292  |  | George Brown
1,223  |  |  |  | Thomas Nicholson Gibbs (Reformer)
Peel |  | John Hillyard Cameron (Cons.)
1,138  |  | Wally Barber
1,076  |  |  |  | John Hillyard Cameron (Cons.)
Toronto East |  | James Beaty Sr. (Cons.)
1,113  |  | William Thomas Aikins
980  |  | Allen
1  |  | Alexander Mortimer Smith (Reformer)
Toronto West |  | Robert Alexander Harrison (Cons.)
1,477  |  | John Macdonald (Ind. Lib.)
1,048  |  |  |  | John Macdonald (Reformer)
York East |  | James Metcalfe (Lib.)
1,174  |  | T. A. Milne
937  |  |  |  | Amos Wright (Reformer)
York North |  | James Pearson Wells (Lib.)
Acclaimed |  |  |  |  |  | James Pearson Wells (Reformer)
York West |  | William Pearce Howland (Lib.-Cons.)
810  |  | J. S. Hubertus
297  |  | David Blain
0  |  | William Pearce Howland (Reformer)

##### Georgian Bay

[edit]

Electoral District  | Candidates  |  | Incumbent

|
|
|

| Winner  |  | Runner up  |  | Other
Algoma |  | Wemyss Mackenzie Simpson (Cons.)
250  |  | William Beatty
241  |  | A. MacDonell
38  | New district
Bruce North |  | Alexander Sproat (Cons)
862  |  | R. Douglas
852  |  |  | New district
Bruce South |  | Francis Hurdon (Cons)
1,777  |  | W. Rastall
1,624  |  | Hall
5  | New district
Cardwell |  | Thomas Roberts Ferguson (Cons)
1,155  |  | Philips
1,078  |  |  | New district
Grey North |  | George Snider (Lib)
1,399  |  | D'Arcy Boulton
1,143  |  |  |  | George Jackson (Cons)
Grey
Grey South |  | George Jackson (Cons)
1,560  |  | R. Dalgleish
1,547  |  |
Simcoe North |  | Thomas David McConkey (Lib)
Acclaimed |  |  |  |  |  | Thomas David McConkey (Reformer)
Simcoe South |  | William Carruthers Little (Lib-Cons)
1,411  |  | Thomas Saunders
1,055  |  |  |  | Thomas Roberts Ferguson (Cons)

##### Niagara Peninsula

[edit]

Electoral District  | Candidates  |  | Incumbent

|
|
|

| Winner  |  | Runner up  |  | Other
Brant North |  | John Young Bown (Lib-Cons)
672  |  | J. D. Clement
670  |  |  |  | John Young Bown (Lib-Cons)
East Brant
Brant South |  | Edmund Burke Wood (Lib)
1,257  |  | H. B. Leeming
1,090  |  |  |  | Edmund Burke Wood (Reformer)
West Brant
Haldimand |  | David Thompson (Lib)
1,391  |  | R. McKinnon
1,022  |  |  |  | David Thompson (Reformer)
Hamilton |  | Charles Magill (Lib)
Acclaimed |  |  |  |  |  | Charles Magill (Lib)
Lincoln |  | James Rea Benson (Lib-Cons)
Acclaimed |  |  |  |  |  | William McGiverin (Reformer)
Monck |  | Lachlin McCallum (Lib-Cons)
1,126  |  | Fraser
871  |  |  | New district
Niagara |  | Angus Morrison (Cons)
300  |  | William Alexander Thomson
250  |  |  |  | Angus Morrison (Reformer)
Niagara (town)
Norfolk North |  | Aquila Walsh (Cons)
1,026  |  | Duncombe
990  |  |  |  | Aquila Walsh (Cons)
Norfolk
Norfolk South |  | Peter Lawson (Lib)
1,050  |  | N. O. Walker
969  |  |
Welland |  | Thomas Clark Street (Cons)
Acclaimed |  |  |  |  |  | Thomas Clark Street (Cons)
Wentworth North |  | James McMonies (Lib)
1,154  |  | Alexander Brown
1,093  |  |  |  | James McMonies (Reform)
Wentworth South |  | Joseph Rymal (Lib)
1,015  |  | Thomas Robertson
988  |  |  |  | Joseph Rymal (Reform)

##### Midwestern Ontario

[edit]

Electoral District  | Candidates  |  | Incumbent

|
|
|

| Winner  |  | Runner up  |  | Other
Huron North |  | Joseph Whitehead (Lib)
1,940  |  | J. Holmes
1,318  |  | Sloan
675  |  | James Dickson (Reform)
Huron & Bruce
Huron South |  | Malcolm Colin Cameron (Lib)
1,624  |  | G. H. Ritchie
1,453  |  | D. L. Sills

Oxford North |  | Thomas Oliver (Lib)
Acclaimed |  |  |  |  |  | Thomas Oliver (Reformer)
Oxford South |  | Ebenezer Vining Bodwell (Lib)
Acclaimed |  |  |  |  |  | George Brown (Reformer)
Perth North |  | James Redford (Lib)
1,515  |  | Thomas Mayne Daly Sr. (Lib-Cons)
1,307  |  |  |  | Robert MacFarlane (Reform)
Perth
Perth South |  | Robert MacFarlane (Lib)
1,490  |  | T. B. Guest
1,393  |  |
Waterloo North |  | Isaac Erb Bowman (Lib)
Acclaimed |  |  |  |  |  | Isaac Erb Bowman (Reformer)
Waterloo South |  | James Young (Lib)
1,324  |  | James Cowan
958  |  |  |  | James Cowan (Reformer)
Wellington Centre |  | Thomas Sutherland Parker (Lib)
Acclaimed |  |  |  |  |  | Thomas Sutherland Parker (Reform)
North Wellington
Wellington North |  | George Alexander Drew (Lib-Cons)
1,493  |  | Michael Hamilton Foley
1,271  |  |
Wellington South |  | David Stirton (Lib)
963  |  | F. W. Stone
652  |  |  |  | David Stirton (Reformer)

##### Southwestern Ontario

[edit]

Electoral District  | Candidates  |  | Incumbent

|
|
|

| Winner  |  | Runner up  |  | Other
Bothwell |  | David Mills (Lib)
1,333  |  | David Glass (Cons)
1,224  |  |  | New district
Elgin East |  | Thomas William Dobbie (Cons)
1,492  |  | Leonidas Burwell
1,382  |  |  |  | Leonidas Burwell (Reformer)
Elgin West |  | John H. Munroe (Cons)
970  |  | C. McDougall
766  |  |  |  | John Scoble (Reformer)
Essex |  | John O'Connor (Cons)
1,439  |  | Arthur Rankin
1,432  |  |  |  | Arthur Rankin (Reformer)
Kent |  | Rufus Stephenson (Cons)
1,524  |  | Archibald McKellar
1,427  |  |  |  | Archibald McKellar (Reformer)
Lambton |  | Alexander Mackenzie (Lib)
1,999  |  | Alexander Vidal (Cons)
1,311  |  |  |  | Alexander Mackenzie (Reformer)
London |  | John Carling (Lib-Cons)
1,114  |  | James Peacock
266  |  |  |  | John Carling (Lib-Cons)
Middlesex East |  | Crowell Willson (Lib-Cons)
1,896  |  | D. McFie
1,756  |  |  |  | Crowell Willson (Reformer)
Middlesex North |  | Thomas Scatcherd (Lib)
1,605  |  | Watson
874  |  |  |  | Thomas Scatcherd (Reformer)
West Middlesex
Middlesex West |  | Angus Peter McDonald (Cons)
1,063  |  | G. Billington
1,044  |  |

## See also

[edit]

* Canada portal
* Politics portal

For a list of the MPs elected in the 1867 election, and in by-elections prior to 1872, see 1st Canadian Parliament.

* List of elections in the Province of Canada
* 1st Canadian Parliament

## References

[edit]

### Notes

[edit]

1. ^ Elections Canada reported a 73.1% voter turnout.[1]
2. ^ a b Though Liberal-Conservatives were identifying themselves as such, these MPs (29 MPs) and those identifying as Conservatives (71 MPs) were both led by Sir John A. Macdonald (himself a Liberal-Conservative) and sat together in the House of Commons forming a 100 MPs majority.
3. ^ The value of property required to be eligible to vote for a member of parliament is listed as $200 in an urban area and $100 in a rural area by Elections Canada A History of the Vote in Canada, however that number provided in the publication is a general amount for the period from 1867 to 1885 before federal law was passed governing franchise.[8]
4. ^ Anti-Confederates sat with the Liberal Party in the House of Commons.

### Citations

[edit]

1. ^ a b "Voter Turnout at Federal Elections and Referendums". Elections Canada. Archived from the original on October 23, 2019. Retrieved November 10, 2019.
2. ^ a b c d e f g LeDuc et al. 2010, p. 63.
3. ^ Elections Canada 2021, p. 58.
4. ^ a b c Elections Canada 2021, p. 61.
5. ^ Garner 1969, p. 28.
6. ^ Garner 1969, p. 116.
7. ^ An Act Respecting Municipal Institutions of Upper Canada, 1866, c. LI, s. 81
8. ^ a b c d e Elections Canada 2021, p. 67.
9. ^ Garner 1969, p. 114.
10. ^ Garner 1969, p. 35.
11. ^ An Act to Regulate the Election of Members to Serve in the General Assembly, 1863, c. 28
12. ^ Garner 1969, p. 71.
13. ^ Elections Canada 2021, p. 78.
14. ^ a b Elections Canada 2021, p. 79.
15. ^ The BNA Act https://www.justice.gc.ca/eng/rp-pr/csj-sjc/constitution/lawreg-loireg/p1t11.html
16. ^ Parliamentary Guide 1969, p. 333-334
17. ^ "Profile - 1867-08-07". Parlinfo. Archived from the original on November 10, 2019. Retrieved November 10, 2019.
18. ^ Library of Parliament - History of Federal Ridings since 1867: Kamouraska.

## Further reading

[edit]

* Elections Canada (2021). A History of the Vote in Canada (PDF) (Third ed.). Gatineau, Quebec: Elections Canada. ISBN 978-0-660-37056-9.
* Garner, John (1969). The Franchise and Politics in British North America, 1755-1867. Ottawa: University of Toronto Press. ISBN 978-0-8020-3219-5.
* Gwyn, Richard J. (2007). John A.: The Man who made us: the life and times of John A. Macdonald. Toronto: Random House Canada. ISBN 978-0-679-31475-2.
* LeDuc, Lawrence; Pammett, Jon H.; McKenzie, Judith L.; Turcotte, André (2010). Dynasties and Interludes: Past and Present in Canadian Electoral Politics. Toronto: Dundurn Press. ISBN 978-1-55488-886-3.

## External links

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