1868 in Canada

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Acts of Parliament, 1868

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* 1867
* 1866
* 1865
*   *

|  | 1868

Canada |

* 1869
* 1870
* 1871
*   *

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|
|

Decades:|

* 1840s
* 1850s
* 1860s
* 1870s
* 1880s

See also:|

* History of Canada
* Timeline of Canadian history
* List of years in Canada

Part of a series on the

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Benjamin West's The Death of General Wolfe

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Events from the year 1868 in Canada.

## Incumbents

[edit]

### Crown

[edit]

* Monarch – Victoria[1]

### Federal government

[edit]

* Governor General – Charles Monck, 4th Viscount Monck
* Prime Minister – John A. Macdonald
* Parliament – 1st

### Provincial governments

[edit]

#### Lieutenant governors

[edit]

* Lieutenant Governor of New Brunswick – Francis Pym Harding (until July 23) then Lemuel Allan Wilmot
* Lieutenant Governor of Nova Scotia – Charles Hastings Doyle
* Lieutenant Governor of Ontario – Henry William Stisted (until July 15) then William Pearce Howland
* Lieutenant Governor of Quebec – Narcisse-Fortunat Belleau

#### Premiers

[edit]

* Premier of New Brunswick – Andrew Rainsford Wetmore
* Premier of Nova Scotia – William Annand
* Premier of Ontario – John Sandfield Macdonald
* Premier of Quebec – Pierre-Joseph-Olivier Chauveau

### Colonies

[edit]

* Secretary of State for the Colonies – The Duke of Buckingham and Chandos then The Earl Granville

#### Governors

[edit]

* Colonial Governor of Newfoundland – Anthony Musgrave
* Lieutenant Governor of Prince Edward Island – George Dundas (until October 22) then Robert Hodgson
* Governor of the Colony of British Columbia – Frederick Seymour

#### Premiers

[edit]

* Colonial Prime Minister of Newfoundland – Frederick Carter
* Premier of Colony of Prince Edward Island – George Coles

## Events

[edit]

* March 4 — Royal College of Dental Surgeons of Ontario established
* April 7 — Father of Confederation Thomas D'Arcy McGee is assassinated in Ottawa by Irish Fenians.
* May 26 - The Canadian flag is unofficially introduced.

### Full date unknown

[edit]

Louis Riel returns to the Red River area

* The Hudson's Bay Company agrees to turn Rupert's Land and the North-Western Territory over to Canada
* The first Federal Militia Act is passed, creating a Canadian army
* George-Étienne Cartier created a Baronet

## Births

[edit]

### January to June

[edit]

* January 16 — Octavia Ritchie, first woman to receive a medical degree in Quebec[1]
* January 22 — Adjutor Rivard, lawyer, writer, judge and linguist (died 1945)
* February 16 — John Babington Macaulay Baxter, lawyer, jurist and 18th Premier of New Brunswick (died 1946)
* March 14 — Emily Murphy, women's rights activist, jurist and author, first woman magistrate in Canada and in the British Empire (died 1933)
* April 27 — James Kidd Flemming, businessman, politician and 13th Premier of New Brunswick (died 1927)
* May 31 — Victor Cavendish, 9th Duke of Devonshire, politician and 11th Governor General of Canada (died 1938)

### July to December

[edit]

* July 8 — Henry Cockshutt, Lieutenant Governor of Ontario (died 1944)
* July 9 — William Alves Boys, politician and barrister (died 1938)
* August 25 — Arthur Puttee, politician (died 1957)
* August 26 — Charles Stewart, politician and 3rd Premier of Alberta (died 1946)
* September 1 — Henri Bourassa, politician and publisher (died 1952)
* September 22 — Louise McKinney, first woman sworn into the Legislative Assembly of Alberta and first woman elected to a legislature in Canada and in the British Empire (died 1931)
* September 28 — Herbert Alexander Bruce, surgeon and 15th Lieutenant Governor of Ontario (died 1963)
* November 9 — Marie Dressler, actress (died 1934)
* December 11 — William Parks, geologist and paleontologist (died 1936)

## Deaths

[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to 1868 in Canada.

* January 19 — Frederic, Roman Catholic priest, missionary, and bishop (born 1797)
* January 25 — Alexander Roberts Dunn, first Canadian awarded the Victoria Cross (born 18)
* January 28 — Edmund Walker Head, Governor (born 1805)
* February 19 — Dominick Daly, politician (born 1798)
* April 7 — D'Arcy McGee, journalist, politician and Father of Confederation, assassinated (born 1825)
* August 7 — William Agar Adamson, Church of England clergyman and author (born 1800)
* September 12 — Charles Dickson Archibald, lawyer, businessman and politician (born 1802)
* October 17 — Laura Secord, heroine of the War of 1812 (born 1775)

## Historical documents

[edit]

Political cartoon satirizes Nova Scotians' mixed feelings about Confederation[2]

Indigenous people assert claim to their reserve at Lake of Two Mountains (Oka), Quebec[3]

"The moment was fraught with danger" - British spy addresses large rally of Fenians[4]

Report by a visitor to newly opened settler lands in Muskoka, Ontario[5]

In his last Commons speech, D'Arcy McGee lauds anyone "prepared[...]to sacrifice himself [for] principles[...]adopted as those of truth"[6]

Federal deputy minister of agriculture says connoisseur in France finds Canadian wine to be vin d'ordinaire second only to their own[7]

## References

[edit]

1. ^ "Queen Victoria | The Canadian Encyclopedia". www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca. Retrieved 5 December 2022.
2. ^ John Henry Walker, "Cross Roads. Shall We Go to Washington First, or How(e)?" (first published in Diogenes, November 20, 1868). Accessed 9 September 2018
3. ^ Indian Branch, Department of the Secretary of State for the Provinces, "List of Copies of Documents...." Return[...]of all Correspondence between the Government and the Iroquois Indians of Two Mountains[....] (1870), pgs. 2-3 (PDF pgs. 57-8), Algonquin and Nipissing Indians of Oka Collection, McGill (University) Library. Accessed 15 January 2020
4. ^ Henri Le Caron, Twenty-Five Years in the Secret Service; The Recollections of a Spy (1892), pgs. 53-7. Accessed 9 September 2018
5. ^ "Visit to the Free Grant Lands of Canada" The (Tokomairiro, N.Z.) Bruce Herald, Vol. V, No. 238 (November 18, 1868), pg. 7. Accessed 9 September 2018
6. ^ "Mr. McGee's Last Speech" (April 6, 1868), House of Commons Debates; First Session - First Parliament, pg. 468. Accessed 18 April 2021
7. ^ "Report of the Select Committee on the Cultivation of the Vine in Canada; Minutes of Evidence" Appendix (No. 6), House of Commons Journals, 1st Parliament, 1st Session: Vol. 1 (1868), pgs. A6-1–A6-2. Accessed 12 July 2020

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Cities|

* Brampton
* Charlottetown
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* Moncton
* Montreal
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Post-Confederation
1867–present|

* 1867
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1868 in North America

Sovereign states|

* Antigua and Barbuda
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* Belize
* Canada
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* El Salvador
* Grenada
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* Saba
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* Turks and Caicos Islands
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