1872 Canadian federal election

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1872 Canadian federal election

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| <- 1867 | July 20–October 12, 1872 | 1874 ->

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<- outgoing members

elected members ->

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200 seats in the House of Commons
101 seats needed for a majority
Turnout| 70.3%[1] (2.8pp)
|  | First party  | Second party

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|  |
Leader  | John A. Macdonald | Edward Blake (unofficial)
Party  | Conservative | Liberal
Leader since  | 1867  |
Leader's seat  | Kingston | Bruce South[a]
Last election  | 100 seats, 34.5%  | 62 seats, 22.7%
Seats won  | 100 | 94
Seat change  | 0  | 34
Popular vote  | 123,100 | 110,556
Percentage  | 38.7% | 34.7%
Swing  | 4.2%  | 12.0%

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1872 Canadian electoral map

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The Canadian parliament after the 1872 election

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| Prime Minister before election

John A. Macdonald
Conservative

| Prime Minister after election

John A. Macdonald
Conservative

|

The 1872 Canadian federal election was held from July 20 to October 12, 1872, to elect members of the House of Commons of Canada of the 2nd Parliament of Canada. Prime Minister Sir John A. Macdonald's Conservative Party remained in power, defeating the Liberals. However, the Liberals increased their parliamentary representation considerably, while the Conservative seat count remained static, giving them only six more seats than the Liberals. The election produced the country's first minority government. The support of two independent Conservative MPs functionally gave Macdonald an extremely slim majority that allowed it to survive for two years, until it fell due to scandal.

Edward Blake, who had a seat in both the House of Commons of Canada and the Ontario legislature, resigned as Premier of Ontario in order to run in the 1872 federal election as dual mandates had been abolished. Had the Liberals won the election, he likely would have been offered the position of Prime Minister of Canada. The party had no formal leader as such until 1873 when Alexander Mackenzie was given the title after Blake declined due to ill health. Blake was ill during much of the 1872 campaign, and it was Mackenzie who essentially led the Liberal campaign in Ontario, though not outside the province.

The 1872 general election was the first to include the new provinces of Manitoba and British Columbia, which had both joined Canada after the Confederation of 1867. By-elections had been held in both provinces to elect Members of Parliament in the newly created ridings, with Manitoba receiving four seats and British Columbia six. (In 1870 Canada had also expanded to include the current provinces of Alberta, Saskatchewan and the Territories, but no MPs were elected there until 1887.) In 1873, PEI joined Confederation and six more seats were added to the House of Commons, all filled by acclamations in by-elections.

## Electoral system

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Most of the ridings in this election elected just one member through First past the post, except for the ridings of: Ottawa, Victoria, the City and County of St. John, Cape Breton, Pictou, Hamilton, and Halifax; which elected two members, with each voter casting up to two votes (Plurality block voting).[2]

## Results

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### National

[edit]

2nd Parliament

Party  | Party leader  | # of candidates  | Seats  | Popular vote
1867 | Elected | Change  | #  | %  | Change
| Conservative | Sir John A. Macdonald | 92  | 71  | 62 | -11.3%  | 82,024  | 25.76%  | +2.31pp
| Liberal-Conservative1 | 48  | 29  | 37 | +24.1%  | 41,076  | 12.90%  | +1.82pp
| Liberal | none (unofficially, Edward Blake)  | 111  | 62  | 94 | +53.2%  | 110,556  | 34.72%  | +12.05pp
| Independents  | 4  | \-  | 2 |  | 5,213  | 1.64%  | +1.25pp
| Independent Conservative  | 3  | \-  | 2 |  | 2,220  | 0.70%  | +0.70pp
| Independent Liberal  | 4  | \-  | 2 |  | 5,232  | 1.64%  | +0.98pp
| Conservative Labour |  | 1  | \-  | 1 |  | 1,422  | 0.45%  | +0.45pp
| Unknown  | 104  | \-  | \-  | \-  | 70,704  | 22.20%  | -11.64pp
Total  | 367 | 180 | 200 | +11.1  | 320,037 | 100% |
Source: Parliament of Canada

Note: 1 Though identifying themselves as Liberal-Conservatives, these MPs and those identifying as Conservatives were both led by Sir John A. Macdonald (himself a Liberal-Conservative) and sat together in the House of Commons.

Acclamations

The following MPs were acclaimed:

* British Columbia: 3 Liberal-Conservatives
* Manitoba: 1 Liberal-Conservative
* Ontario: 3 Conservatives, 3 Liberal-Conservatives, 10 Liberals
* Quebec: 9 Conservatives, 5 Liberal-Conservatives, 5 Liberals
* New Brunswick: 6 Liberals, 1 Independent
* Nova Scotia: 1 Conservative, 4 Liberal-Conservatives, 2 Liberals

### Results by province

[edit]

Party name  |  BC | Manitoba | Ontario | Quebec |  NB |  NS | Total

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| Conservative | Seats  | 1  | 1  | 26  | 25  | 2  | 7  | 62
| Popular vote  | 4.5  | 29.7  | 25.9  | 31.5  | 8.4  | 23.5  | 25.8
| Liberal-Conservative | Seats  | 3  | 1  | 12  | 12  | 3  | 6  | 37
| Vote  |  |  | 11.9  | 10.5  | 17.8  | 19.8  | 12.9
| Liberal | Seats  | 2  | 1  | 48  | 26  | 9  | 8  | 94
| Vote  | 83.7  | 35.6  | 35.3  | 32.6  | 46.8  | 28.1  | 34.7
| Conservative Labour | Seats  |  |  | 1  |  |  |  | 1
| Vote  |  |  | 0.9  |  |  |  | 0.4
| Unknown  | Seats  | \-  | \-  | \-  | \-  | \-  | \-  | \-
| Vote  | 11.8  | 14.9  | 23.4  | 21.5  | 26.9  | 16.4  | 22.2
| Independent  | Seats  |  |  | \-  | 1  | 1  | \-  | 2
| Vote  |  |  | 0.8  | 1.7  |  | 6.1  | 1.6
| Independent Liberal  | Seats  |  |  | 1  |  | 1  |  | 2
| Vote  |  |  | 1.7  |  |  | 6.1  | 1.6
| Independent Conservative  | Seats  |  | 1  |  | 1  |  |  | 2
| Vote  |  | 19.8  |  | 2.2  |  |  | 0.7
Total seats | 6  | 4  | 88  | 65  | 16  | 21  | 200

For a list of candidates elected in the 1872 election, including by-elections held before 1874, see 2nd Canadian parliament.

## See also

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* Canada portal
* Politics portal

* List of Canadian federal general elections

## Notes

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1. ^ Blake was also elected in Durham West; he chose to sit for Bruce South instead, and resigned as the Member of Parliament for Durham West.

## References

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1. ^ "Voter Turnout at Federal Elections and Referendums". Elections Canada. Retrieved March 10, 2019.
2. ^ Parliamentary Guide 1977, p. 380-381, 418

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