1877 Massachusetts legislature

98th
Massachusetts General Court

| <-| 97th | 99th| ->

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Overview
Legislative body| General Court
Election| November 7, 1876
Senate
Members| 40
President| John B. D. Cogswell
Party control| Republican[1]
House
Members| 240
Speaker| John Davis Long
Party control| Republican[2]
Sessions
| 1st| January 3, 1877 (1877-01-03) – May 17, 1877 (1877-05-17) [3]

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John Cogswell, Senate president.

John Long, House speaker.

Leaders of the Massachusetts General Court, 1877.

The 98th Massachusetts General Court, consisting of the Massachusetts Senate and the Massachusetts House of Representatives, met in 1877 during the governorship of Alexander H. Rice. John B. D. Cogswell served as president of the Senate and John Davis Long served as speaker of the House.[4]

## Senators

[edit]

Image  | Name [5] | Date of birth [6] | District  | Party

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| Charles Adams Jr.  | 1810  |  |
| Stephen Merrill Allen  | 1819  |  |
| George Sumner Barton  | 1825  |  |
| Selwyn Zadock Bowman | May 11, 1840  |  |
| Amos Franklin Breed  | October 15, 1830  |  |
| Elisha Brimhall  | March 25, 1825  |  |
| Haydn Brown  | February 16, 1819  |  |
| Abraham Burbank Coffin  | 1831  |  |
| John Bear Doane Cogswell | June 6, 1829  |  |
| Samuel Dexter Crane  | 1816  |  |
| George Parkman Denny  | 1826  |  |
| Henry Clandins Ewing  | 1844  |  |
| Joseph Emery Fiske  | 1839  |  |
| Thomas Francis Fitzgerald  | 1848  |  |
| Michael Joseph Flatley  | 1823  |  |
| Harrison Garfield  | June 27, 1810  |  |
| Lewis Newton Gilbert  | 1836  |  |
| Samuel Slocum Ginnodo  | 1816  |  |
| James John Howard Gregory  | 1827  |  |
| Tilly Haynes  | February 13, 1828  |  |
| Henry Bozyol Hill  | 1823  |  |
| Charles Jarvis Holmes  | 1834  |  |
| Charles Howes  | October 26, 1826  |  |
| Francis Jewett  | September 19, 1820  |  |
| Ensign Hosmer Kellogg | July 6, 1812  |  |
| Ebenezer Bissell Lynde  | 1823  |  |
| Aaron C. Mayhew  | 1812  |  |
| John Farwell Moors  | December 10, 1819  |  |
| Joshua Morse  | February 24, 1822  |  |
| Caleb Rand  | 1817  |  |
| Charles Theodore Russell | November 20, 1815  |  |
| Amos Joseph Saunders  | 1826  |  |
| Luther Henry Sherman  | 1838  |  |
| John Sherburne Sleeper | September 25, 1794  |  |
| Frederick Mason Stone  | 1825  |  |
| Jackson Benjamin Swett  | 1815  |  |
| Byron Truell  | 1834  |  |
| Francis M. Weld  | 1815  |  |
| John Dwelle Whicher  | 1825  |  |
| Jonathan White  | 1819  |  |

## Representatives

[edit]

image  | Name [5] | Date of birth [6] | District  | Party

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| Alfred Mark Adams  | 1835  |  |
| Granville Stevens Allen  | 1825  |  |
| Stillman Boyd Allen  | September 8, 1830  |  |
| Job Kelly Anthony  | 1834  |  |
| Samuel Atherton | January 26, 1815  |  |
| Edwin Ayer  | 1827  |  |
| John James Babson  | 1809  |  |
| Thomas McCrate Babson  | 1847  |  |
| Orlando Sargent Baley  | 1818  |  |
| Alonzo Bancroft  | 1820  |  |
| Henry Francis Barker  | 1838  |  |
| Charles Ellis Barnes  | 1840  |  |
| James Edward Taylor Bartlett  | 1825  |  |
| Perley Bartlett  | 1807  |  |
| Henry Allen Barton  | 1821  |  |
| Benjamin Samuel Batchelor  | 1829  |  |
| Daniel Johnson Bates  | 1830  |  |
| Crocker Hinckley Bearse  | 1810  |  |
| Charles David Bickford  | 1821  |  |
| Abraham Orlando Bigelow  | 1812  |  |
| Francis William Bird  | 1809  |  |
| Warren Augustus Bird  | 1837  |  |
| Stephen Henry Bodurtha  | 1812  |  |
| Francis Charles Bowen  | 1834  |  |
| John Quincy Adams Brackett | June 8, 1842  |  |
| George Bradford  | 1819  |  |
| Warren Sylvester Bragg  | 1837  |  |
| Pharcellus Dean Bridges  | December 21, 1846  |  |
| John Henry Brown  | 1844  |  |
| William Henry Harrison Bryant  | 1826  |  |
| Joseph Buckminster  | 1821  |  |
| Horace John Canfield  | 1834  |  |
| Francis Carll  | 1825  |  |
| Nahum Chapin  | 1820  |  |
| Charles Henry Chase  | 1835  |  |
| Lafayette Clapp  | 1824  |  |
| Leonard Clark  | 1821  |  |
| Wilder Philander Clark  | October 12, 1832  |  |
| John Doggett Cobb  | 1840  |  |
| Aaron Cogswell  | 1807  |  |
| John Draper Cogswell  | 1820  |  |
| John Leonard Cole  | 1839  |  |
| George Nelson Cone  | 1836  |  |
| John Hawkins Cook  | 1841  |  |
| William Henry Cook  | January 7, 1843  |  |
| Israel Clark Cornish  | 1850  |  |
| Samuel Emmons Crocker  | 1834  |  |
| Edward Johnson Crossman  | 1824  |  |
| Thomas Cunningham  | 1815  |  |
| Daniel Jasper Curley  | April 2, 1841  |  |
| George Fisher Daniels  | 1820  |  |
| Charles Warren Davis  | 1826  |  |
| George Asa Dean  | 1835  |  |
| Obed Delano  | 1814  |  |
| Cornelius Desmond  | 1838  |  |
| Justin Dewey  | 1836  |  |
| Abiathar Doane  | 1820  |  |
| Daniel Doherty  | 1838  |  |
| William Capar Donald  | 1816  |  |
| Francis Mattby Draper  | 1834  |  |
| Jarvis Nelson Dunham  | 1828  |  |
| Curtis Eddy  | May 18, 1838  |  |
| Francis Sylvester Egleston  | 1821  |  |
| Theodore Waterbury Ellis  | 1823  |  |
| William Fuller Ellis  | 1820  |  |
| William Irving Ellis  | 1829  |  |
| Levi Emery  | 1817  |  |
| John Barnard Fairbank  | 1839  |  |
| Jackson Benjamin Farnum  | 1828  |  |
| George Augustus Flagg  | 1845  |  |
| James W. Fox  | 1849  |  |
| Andrew Jackson Freeman  | 1819  |  |
| Henry William Fuller  | June 30, 1839  |  |
| Charles Frederick Gerry  | 1823  |  |
| Onslow Gilmore  | 1832  |  |
| William Segar Gleason  | 1809  |  |
| Martin Thomas Glynn  | 1848  |  |
| Frank Palmer Goulding  | 1837  |  |
| James Benton Graham  | 1835  |  |
| Franklin Gray  | 1824  |  |
| Frank Shunk Gross  | 1836  |  |
| Charles Hale | June 7, 1831  |  |
| Andrew Hall  | 1833  |  |
| Charles Hallett  | 1825  |  |
| Patrick Henry Hallinan  | 1852  |  |
| Leander Moody Hannum  | 1837  |  |
| Henry Martin Hartshorn  | 1828  |  |
| Thomas Jones Hastings  | January 24, 1835  |  |
| Frederick Hathaway  | 1810  |  |
| Nathan Mortimer Hawkes  | 1843  |  |
| George Frederic Hayden  | 1836  |  |
| Milton Lewis Perry Heustis  | 1825  |  |
| Samuel Richardson Heywood  | 1821  |  |
| Clement Hugh Hill  | 1836  |  |
| John Hillis  | 1847  |  |
| Richard Holley  | January 30, 1829  |  |
| William Carey Howard  | 1841  |  |
| Caleb Burroughs Huse  | September 13, 1833  |  |
| Charles Halstead Ingalls  | 1840  |  |
| Edward John Jenkins  | 1854  |  |
| George William Johnson  | 1827  |  |
| Peter Rogers Johnson  | 1824  |  |
| Joseph James Kelley  | 1842  |  |
| Patrick Keyes  | 1830  |  |
| Ensign Kimball  | 1818  |  |
| William Bird Kimball  | 1833  |  |
| William Hales Kinsman  | 1821  |  |
| Hosea Morrill Knowlton  | 1847  |  |
| Asa Stillman Lawrence  | 1820  |  |
| Alfred Laws  | 1831  |  |
| Henry Lee  | 1817  |  |
| Chauncey Wheeler Lessey  | 1829  |  |
| Thomas Lonergan  | 1827  |  |
| John Davis Long | October 27, 1838  |  |
| Benjamin Starks Lovell  | 1845  |  |
| John Dana Lovell  | 1818  |  |
| Francis Low  | 1824  |  |
| Lewis Gold Lowe  | 1828  |  |
| Hale Sisson Luther  | 1830  |  |
| James Mackintosh  | 1838  |  |
| Pardon Macomber  | February 9, 1833  |  |
| Hugh Ambrose Madden  | 1839  |  |
| James Thomas Mahony  | 1843  |  |
| Seth Mann  | 1817  |  |
| William Marchant  | 1817  |  |
| Isaac Burgess Martin  | 1825  |  |
| Matthew James McCafferty  | 1829  |  |
| George Brackett Melcher  | 1836  |  |
| James Henry Mellen  | 1845  |  |
| Francis Peabody Merriam  | 1818  |  |
| Frederick Warren Merrill  | 1842  |  |
| Simeon Merritt  | 1823  |  |
| Alfred Miller  | 1815  |  |
| William Haswell Montague  | 1824  |  |
| Thomas Mooney  | 1840  |  |
| Aaron Rathburn Morse  | 1839  |  |
| Enoch Robinson Morse  | 1822  |  |
| James Thomas Murphy  | 1842  |  |
| Erastus Maltby Nash  | 1826  |  |
| Dexter Newton  | 1823  |  |
| James Hale Newton  | 1832  |  |
| John Franklin Newton  | 1829  |  |
| Nathaniel Avery Newton  | 1814  |  |
| Charles Johnson Noyes | August 7, 1841  |  |
| Dennis O'Connor  | 1838  |  |
| Cornelius O'Sullivan  | 1825  |  |
| Weaver Osborn  | 1815  |  |
| Charles Stuart Osgood  | 1839  |  |
| Henry Bryant Osgood  | 1818  |  |
| Edwin Patch  | 1820  |  |
| Alonzo Penney  | September 23, 1835  |  |
| Ephraim Augustus Perkins  | 1839  |  |
| Baxter Edwards Perry | April 26, 1826  |  |
| John Charles Perry  | 1839  |  |
| William Cowper Peters  | 1827  |  |
| Darius Pierce  | 1836  |  |
| Henry Pierce  | 1826  |  |
| Albert Enoch Pillsbury | August 19, 1849  |  |
| Samuel Cloon Pitman  | 1811  |  |
| Charles Greenwood Pope  | 1840  |  |
| Charles Jones Prescott  | 1838  |  |
| Dennis George Quirk  | 1836  |  |
| Oliver James Rand  | 1820  |  |
| David Randall  | 1818  |  |
| Charles Everett Ranlett  | 1816  |  |
| James Paine Ray  | 1820  |  |
| William Arthur Read  | 1849  |  |
| George Randall Reed  | 1832  |  |
| Rice Munn Reynolds  | 1838  |  |
| Charles Baker Rice  | 1829  |  |
| Charles Warren Richards  | 1824  |  |
| James Henry Richards  | 1839  |  |
| Samuel Roads  | 1825  |  |
| William Robinson  | 1835  |  |
| John Austin Rogers  | 1828  |  |
| Cyrus King Russell  | 1815  |  |
| John Crockett Sanborn  | 1832  |  |
| George Webster Sanderson  | 1830  |  |
| Luther Haines Sargent  | 1842  |  |
| Horace Mills Sessions  | 1828  |  |
| Josephus Shaw  | 1832  |  |
| Harrison Allen Sheldon  | 1830  |  |
| Henry Shortle  | 1834  |  |
| John Killbourne Clough Sleeper  | 1828  |  |
| Solomon Sias Sleeper  | 1815  |  |
| Dana Zenas Smith  | 1819  |  |
| Iram Smith  | 1807  |  |
| Peter Dove Smith  | 1842  |  |
| Newell Snow  | 1816  |  |
| Samuel Snow  | 1828  |  |
| Mark Henry Spaulding  | 1827  |  |
| Charles Stickney  | 1829  |  |
| Eben Francis Stone | August 3, 1822  |  |
| Ezekiel Reed Studley  | 1831  |  |
| Charles B. Swain  |  |  |
| Noah Swett  | 1826  |  |
| Lewis Northey Tappan | June 15, 1831  |  |
| Oliver Taylor  | 1826  |  |
| Edward Flint Thayer  | 1835  |  |
| Francis Nicholas Thayer  | 1846  |  |
| Edward Isaiah Thomas  | 1833  |  |
| Leonard Thompson  | 1817  |  |
| Charles Frederick Thurston  | 1844  |  |
| John Wilson Tilton  | 1844  |  |
| Dexter Alley Tompkins  | 1827  |  |
| William Ripley Tompkins  | 1826  |  |
| Merritt Torrey  | 1825  |  |
| William G. Train  | 1825  |  |
| John Turner  | 1827  |  |
| Augustus Sherman Tuttle  | 1824  |  |
| Levi Clifford Wade  | 1843  |  |
| Edwin Walden | November 25, 1818  |  |
| Joseph Walker  | 1825  |  |
| James Lawrence Walsh  | 1843  |  |
| Alonzo Warren  | 1827  |  |
| Emory Washburn | February 14, 1800  |  |
| John Davis Washburn  | 1833  |  |
| William Watts  | 1835  |  |
| Lewis Taylor Webster  | 1832  |  |
| Michael Francis Wells  | 1832  |  |
| Samuel Hidden Wentworth  |  |  |
| John Wilson Wheeler  | 1832  |  |
| John Birtwistle Whitaker  | 1816  |  |
| James White  | 1828  |  |
| Sydney Franklin Whitehouse  | 1822  |  |
| Charles Stimson Whitmore  | 1815  |  |
| William Gunn Whitmore  | 1849  |  |
| Edward Whitney  | 1815  |  |
| William Ward Wilde  | 1821  |  |
| Henry Hills Wilder  | 1824  |  |
| George Andrew Wilson  | 1825  |  |
| George Colburn Wilson  | 1809  |  |
| Daniel Wing  | 1841  |  |
| Henry Winn  | 1837  |  |
| Thomas Winship  | 1826  |  |
| Isaac Winslow  | 1827  |  |
| Joseph Wiswell  | 1816  |  |
| Henry Pickett Woodbury  | 1835  |  |
| John Henry Wright  | 1843  |  |

## See also

[edit]

* 1877 Massachusetts gubernatorial election
* 45th United States Congress
* List of Massachusetts General Courts

## References

[edit]

1. ^ "Composition of the Massachusetts State Senate", Resources on Massachusetts Political Figures in the State Library, Mass.gov, archived from the original on June 6, 2020
2. ^ "Composition of the State of Massachusetts House of Representatives", Resources on Massachusetts Political Figures in the State Library, Mass.gov, archived from the original on June 6, 2020
3. ^ "Length of Legislative Sessions". Manual for the Use of the General Court. Boston: Commonwealth of Massachusetts. 2009. p. 348+.
4. ^ "Organization of the Legislature Since 1780". Manual for the Use of the General Court. Boston: Commonwealth of Massachusetts. 2009. p. 340+.
5. ^ a b Court, Massachusetts General (1877). Manual for the Use of the General Court. Boston: Commonwealth of Massachusetts. hdl:2452/40655.
6. ^ a b "Annual Register of the Executive and Legislative Departments of the Government of Massachusetts, 1877" (PDF), Journal of the Senate of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts - via State Library of Massachusetts

## Further reading

[edit]

* "Massachusetts". Appleton's Annual Cyclopaedia and Register of Important Events of the Year 1877. New York: D. Appleton and Company. 1889. (includes description of legislature)
* Philip M. Teigen (2007). "Legislating Fear and the Public Health in Gilded Age Massachusetts". Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences. 62 (2): 141–170. doi:10.1093/jhmas/jrl016. JSTOR 24632331. PMID 16980330. (related to hydrophobia)

## External links

[edit]

* Massachusetts General Court, Bills (Legislative Documents) and Journals: 1877, hdl:2452/619066
* Massachusetts Acts and Resolves: 1877, hdl:2452/89613

* v
* t
* e

Massachusetts General Courts by year convened

|  |

1 (1780)
2 (1781)
3 (1782)
4 (1783)
5 (1784)
6 (1785)
7 (1786)
8 (1787)
9 (1788)
10 (1789)
11 (1790)
12 (1791)
13 (1792)
14 (1793)
15 (1794)
16 (1795)
17 (1796)
18 (1797)
19 (1798)
20 (1799)
21 (1800)
22 (1801)
23 (1802)
24 (1803)
25 (1804)

26 (1805)
27 (1806)
28 (1807)
29 (1808)
30 (1809)
31 (1810)
32 (1811)
33 (1812)
34 (1813)
35 (1814)
36 (1815)
37 (1816)
38 (1817)
39 (1818)
40 (1819)
41 (1820)
42 (1821)
43 (1822)
44 (1823)
45 (1824)
46 (1825)
47 (1826)
48 (1827)
49 (1828)
50 (1829)

51 (1830)
52 (1831)
53 (1832)
54 (1833)
55 (1834)
56 (1835)
57 (1836)
58 (1837)
59 (1838)
60 (1839)
61 (1840)
62 (1841)
63 (1842)
64 (1843)
65 (1844)
66 (1845)
67 (1846)
68 (1847)
69 (1848)
70 (1849)
71 (1850)
72 (1851)
73 (1852)
74 (1853)
75 (1854)

76 (1855)
77 (1856)
78 (1857)
79 (1858)
80 (1859)
81 (1860)
82 (1861)
83 (1862)
84 (1863)
85 (1864)
86 (1865)
87 (1866)
88 (1867)
89 (1868)
90 (1869)
91 (1870)
92 (1871)
93 (1872)
94 (1873)
95 (1874)
96 (1875)
97 (1876)
98 (1877)
99 (1878)
100 (1879)

101 (1880)
102 (1881)
103 (1882)
104 (1883)
105 (1884)
106 (1885)
107 (1886)
108 (1887)
109 (1888)
110 (1889)
111 (1890)
112 (1891)
113 (1892)
114 (1893)
115 (1894)
116 (1895)
117 (1896)
118 (1897)
119 (1898)
120 (1899)
121 (1900)
122 (1901)
123 (1902)
124 (1903)
125 (1904)

126 (1905)
127 (1906)
128 (1907)
129 (1908)
130 (1909)
131 (1910)
132 (1911)
133 (1912)
134 (1913)
135 (1914)
136 (1915)
137 (1916)
138 (1917)
139 (1918)
140 (1919)
141 (1920)
142 (1921)
143 (1923)
144 (1925)
145 (1927)
146 (1929)
147 (1931)
148 (1933)
149 (1935)
150 (1937)

151 (1939)
152 (1941)
153 (1943)
154 (1945)
155 (1947)
156 (1949)
157 (1951)
158 (1953)
159 (1955)
160 (1957)
161 (1959)
162 (1961)
163 (1963)
164 (1965)
165 (1967)
166 (1969)
167 (1971)
168 (1973)
169 (1975)
170 (1977)
171 (1979)
172 (1981)
173 (1983)
174 (1985)
175 (1987)

176 (1989)
177 (1991)
178 (1993)
179 (1995)
180 (1997)
181 (1999)
182 (2001)
183 (2003)
184 (2005)
185 (2007)
186 (2009)
187 (2011)
188 (2013)
189 (2015)
190 (2017)
191 (2019)
192 (2021)
193 (2023)
194 (2025)

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Commons

* v
* t
* e

Districts of the Massachusetts General Court

Senate|

* Berkshire, Hampshire, Franklin, and Hampden
* Bristol and Norfolk
* Bristol and Plymouth: 1st, 2nd
* Cape and Islands
* Essex: 1st, 2nd, 3rd
* Essex and Middlesex: 1st, 2nd
* Hampden
* Hampden and Hampshire: 1st, 2nd
* Hampshire, Franklin and Worcester
* Middlesex: 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th
* Middlesex and Norfolk: 1st, 2nd
* Middlesex and Suffolk
* Middlesex and Worcester
* Norfolk, Bristol and Middlesex
* Norfolk, Bristol and Plymouth
* Norfolk and Plymouth
* Norfolk and Suffolk
* Plymouth and Barnstable
* Plymouth and Bristol: 1st, 2nd
* Plymouth and Norfolk
* Suffolk: 1st, 2nd
* Suffolk and Middlesex: 1st, 2nd
* Worcester: 1st, 2nd
* Worcester, Hampden, Hampshire and Middlesex
* Worcester and Middlesex
* Worcester and Norfolk
* Obsolete districts

House|

| Barnstable|

1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th

|

Berkshire|

1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th

Bristol|

1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th, 8th, 9th, 10th, 11th, 12th, 13th, 14th

Cape and Islands|

Barnstable, Dukes and Nantucket

Essex  |

1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th, 8th, 9th, 10th, 11th, 12th, 13th, 14th, 15th, 16th, 17th, 18th

Franklin|

1st, 2nd

Hampden|

1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th, 8th, 9th, 10th, 11th, 12th

Hampshire|

1st, 2nd, 3rd

Middlesex|

1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th, 8th, 9th, 10th, 11th, 12th, 13th, 14th, 15th, 16th, 17th, 18th, 19th, 20th, 21st, 22nd, 23rd, 24th, 25th, 26th, 27th, 28th, 29th, 30th, 31st, 32nd, 33rd, 34th, 35th, 36th, 37th

Norfolk  |

1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th, 8th, 9th, 10th, 11th, 12th, 13th, 14th, 15th

Plymouth|

1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th, 8th, 9th, 10th, 11th, 12th

Suffolk|

1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th, 8th, 9th, 10th, 11th, 12th, 13th, 14th, 15th, 16th, 17th, 18th, 19th

Worcester|

1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th, 8th, 9th, 10th, 11th, 12th, 13th, 14th, 15th, 16th, 17th, 18th

Defunct districts  |

Former districts

Commons

* v
* t
* e

Government of Massachusetts

Legislative|

* General Court
* Senate (Members, President)
* House of Representatives (Members, Speaker)

Executive|

* Governor (List)
* Lt. Governor
* Attorney General
* Auditor
* Secretary of the Commonwealth
* Treasurer and Receiver-General
* Office for Administration and Finance
* Department of Elementary and Secondary Education
* Department of Higher Education
* Emergency Management Agency
* Office of Energy and Environmental Affairs
* Department of Environmental Protection
* Department of Revenue
* Office of Health and Human Services
* Office of Housing and Economic Development
* Office of Labor and Workforce Development
* Department of Mental Health
* Department of Public Health
* Office of Public Safety and Security
* Department of Public Utilities
* Department of Transportation
* Department of Youth Services

Judicial|

* Boston Municipal Court
* District Court
* Superior Court
* Land Court
* Juvenile Court
* Housing Court
* Massachusetts Probate and Family Court
* Appeals Court (Judges)
* Supreme Judicial Court
* Essex Probate and Family Court
* Middlesex Probate and Family Court

Independent agencies|

* Board of Library Commissioners
* Commission Against Discrimination
* Commission on the Status of Women
* Disabled Persons Protection Commission
* Massachusetts Appellate Tax Board
* Massachusetts District Attorneys
* Massachusetts Inspector General
* Office of Campaign and Political Finance
* Office of the Comptroller
* Massachusetts Sheriffs
* State Ethics Commission

Law|

* Constitution
* General Laws
* Code of Massachusetts Regulations
* Abortion
* Alcohol
* Cannabis
* Capital punishment
* Crime
* Elder law
* Gambling
* Gun laws
* LGBT rights
* Taxation

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