1896–97 United States Senate elections

* * *

| ← 1894 & 1895 | Dates vary by state | 1898 & 1899 →

|
|

* * *

30 of the 90 seats in the United States Senate (as well as special elections)
46 seats needed for a majority
|   | Majority party  | Minority party

|
|

|  |
Leader  | John Sherman[a]
(retired)  | Arthur Pue Gorman[b]
(Lost re-election)
Party  | Republican | Democratic
Leader since  | March 4, 1891  | March 4, 1889
Leader's seat  | Ohio | Maryland
Seats before  | 44 | 39
Seats won  | 15 | 7
Seats after  | 46 | 32
Seat change  |  2  |  7
Seats up  | 13  | 14

* * *

| Third party  | Fourth party
|  |
Party  | Populist | Silver Republican
Seats before  | 4  | 0
Seats won  | 3  | 2
Seats after  | 5  | 2
Seat change  |  1  |  2
Seats up  | 2  | 0

* * *

| Fifth party  |
|  |
Party  | Silver |
Seats before  | 2  |
Seats won  | 1  |
Seats after  | 2  |
Seat change  |  |
Seats up  | 1  |

* * *

Results of the elections:
Democratic gain      Democratic hold
Republican gain      Republican hold
Silver hold
Populist gain      Populist hold
Silver Republican gain      Silver Republican hold
Legislature failed to elect

* * *

| Majority Party before election

Republican

| Elected Majority Party

Republican

|

Senate composition by State, 55th Congress

The 1896–97 United States Senate elections were held on various dates in various states. As these U.S. Senate elections were prior to the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913, senators were chosen by state legislatures. Senators were elected over a wide range of time throughout 1896 and 1897, and a seat may have been filled months late or remained vacant due to legislative deadlock.[1] In these elections, terms were up for the senators in Class 3.

The Democratic Party lost seven seats, mostly to smaller third parties.

## Results summary

[edit]

Senate party division, 55th Congress (1897–1899)

* Majority party: Republican (43)
* Minority party: Democratic (33)
* Other parties: Populist (5); Silver (5); Silver Republican (2)
* Total seats: 90
* Vacant: 2, later filled by 1 Republican and 1 Democrat.

## Change in Senate composition

[edit]

### Before the elections

[edit]

| D1 | D2 | D3 | D4 | D5

|
|
|
|
|

D15 | D14 | D13 | D12 | D11 | D10 | D9 | D8 | D7 | D6
D16 | D17 | D18 | D19 | D20 | D21 | D22 | D23 | D24 | D25
D35
Retired | D34
Retired | D33
Unknown | D32
Ran | D31
Ran | D30
Ran | D29
Ran | D28
Ran | D27
Ran | D26
Ran
D36
Retired | D37
Retired | D38
Retired | D39
Retired | V1 | P4
Ran | P3
Ran | P2 | P1 | S2
Ran
Plurality ↓ | S1
R36
Ran | R37
Ran | R38
Ran | R39
Ran | R40
Ran | R41
Ran | R42
Ran | R43
Retired | R44
Retired
R35
Ran | R34
Ran | R33
Ran | R32
Ran | R31 | R30 | R29 | R28 | R27 | R26
R16 | R17 | R18 | R19 | R20 | R21 | R22 | R23 | R24 | R25
R15 | R14 | R13 | R12 | R11 | R10 | R9 | R8 | R7 | R6
| R1 | R2 | R3 | R4 | R5

### Result of the general elections

[edit]

| D1 | D2 | D3 | D4 | D5

|
|
|
|
|

D15 | D14 | D13 | D12 | D11 | D10 | D9 | D8 | D7 | D6
D16 | D17 | D18 | D19 | D20 | D21 | D22 | D23 | D24 | D25

Re-elected | P4
Hold | P5
Gain
from R | D32
Gain
from R | D31
Hold | D30
Hold | D29
Hold | D28
Hold | D27
Re-elected | D26
Re-elected
P2 | P1 | S2
Re-elected | S1 | SR2
Re-elected
was R | SR1
Gain
from R | R46
Gain
from D | R45
Gain
from D | R44
Gain
from D | V1
D Loss
Majority → | V2
R36
Re-elected | R37
Re-elected | R38
Re-elected | R39
Hold | R40
Gain
from D | R41
Gain
from D | R42
Gain
from D | R43
Gain
from D | V3
R Loss
R35
Re-elected | R34
Re-elected | R33
Re-elected | R32
Re-elected | R31 | R30 | R29 | R28 | R27 | R26
R16 | R17 | R18 | R19 | R20 | R21 | R22 | R23 | R24 | R25
R15 | R14 | R13 | R12 | R11 | R10 | R9 | R8 | R7 | R6
| R1 | R2 | R3 | R4 | R5

### Beginning of the next Congress

[edit]

| D1 | D2 | D3 | D4 | D5

|
|
|
|
|

D15 | D14 | D13 | D12 | D11 | D10 | D9 | D8 | D7 | D6
D16 | D17 | D18 | D19 | D20 | D21 | D22 | D23 | D24 | D25
P4 | P5 | D33
Gain | D32 | D31 | D30 | D29 | D28 | D27 | D26
P3 | P2 | P1 | S2 | S1 | SR1 | SR2 | SR3
Changed | SR4
Changed | V1
Plurality ↓
SR5
Changed | V2
R36 | R37 | R38 | R39 | R40 | R41 | R42 | R43
R35 | R34 | R33 | R32 | R31 | R30 | R29 | R28 | R27 | R26
R16 | R17 | R18 | R19 | R20 | R21 | R22 | R23 | R24 | R25
R15 | R14 | R13 | R12 | R11 | R10 | R9 | R8 | R7 | R6
| R1 | R2 | R3 | R4 | R5
Key:  |  | D# | Democratic

|

P# | Populist
R# | Republican
S# | Silver
SR# | Silver Republican
V# | Vacant

## Race summaries

[edit]

### Elections during the 54th Congress

[edit]

In these elections, the winners were seated during 1896 or in 1897 before March 4; ordered by election date.

State  | Incumbent  | Results  | Candidates

|
|
|

Utah
(Class 1)  | None (new state)  | Utah became a state January 4, 1896.
First senators elected January 22, 1896.
Republican gain. |

* ▌Y Frank J. Cannon (Republican)
* [data missing]

Utah
(Class 3)  | Utah became a state January 4, 1896.
First senators elected January 22, 1896.
Republican gain.
Winner did not run for the next term; see below.  |

* ▌Y Arthur Brown (Republican)
* [data missing]

Delaware
(Class 2)  | Vacant | Legislature had failed to elect.
New senator elected January 19, 1897.
Democratic gain. |

* ▌Y Richard R. Kenney (Democratic)
* [data missing]

### Elections leading to the 55th Congress

[edit]

In these regular elections, the winners were elected for the term beginning March 4, 1897; ordered by state.

All of the elections involved the Class 3 seats.

State  | Incumbent  | Results  | Candidates

|
|
|

Senator  | Party  | Electoral
history
Alabama | James L. Pugh | Democratic  | 1880 (special)
1884
1890 | Incumbent lost renomination.[2]
New senator elected in 1897.
Democratic hold.  |

* ▌Y Edmund Pettus (Democratic)
* [data missing]

Arkansas | James K. Jones | Democratic  | 1885
1891 | Incumbent re-elected January 20, 1897.[3] |

* ▌Y James K. Jones (Democratic) 114
* ▌James Sovereign (Populist) 9[4]
* ▌Powell Clayton (Republican) 10[3]

California | George Perkins | Republican  | 1895 (special) | Incumbent re-elected January 13, 1897.[5] |

* ▌Y George Perkins (Republican)
* [data missing]

Colorado | Henry M. Teller | Republican  | 1885
1891 | Incumbent re-elected as a Silver Republican January 20, 1897.[6]
Silver Republican gain. |

* ▌Y Henry M. Teller (Silver Republican) 92
* ▌George W. Allen (Populist) 6[6]

Connecticut | Orville H. Platt | Republican  | 1879
1885
1891 | Incumbent re-elected January 20, 1897.[7] |

* ▌Y Orville H. Platt (Republican)
* Unopposed

Florida | Wilkinson Call | Democratic  | 1879
1885
1891 | Incumbent retired.
Legislature failed to elect.
Democratic loss.
A new senator was later elected; see below.  | None.
Georgia | John B. Gordon | Democratic  | 1873
1879
1880 (resigned)
1890 | Incumbent retired.
New senator elected in 1896.
Democratic hold.  |

* ▌Y Alexander S. Clay (Democratic)
* [data missing]

Idaho | Fred Dubois | Republican  | 1890 | Incumbent lost re-election as a Silver Republican.
New senator elected January 28, 1897.
Populist gain. |

* ▌Y Henry Heitfeld (Populist) 39
* ▌Fred Dubois (Silver Republican) 30
* ▌Thomas F. Nelson (Populist) 1[8]

Illinois | John M. Palmer | Democratic  | 1890 | Incumbent retired.
New senator elected January 20, 1897.[9]
Republican gain. |

* ▌Y William E. Mason (Republican) 125[10]
* ▌ John P. Altgeld (Democratic) 77[10]

Indiana | Daniel W. Voorhees | Democratic  | 1877 (appointed)
1879 (special)
1885 | Incumbent lost re-election.
New senator elected January 20, 1897.[11]
Republican gain. |

* ▌Y Charles W. Fairbanks (Republican) 85
* ▌Daniel W. Voorhees (Democratic) 58
* ▌Leroy Templeton (Populist) 6[11]

Iowa | William B. Allison | Republican  | 1872
1878
1884
1890 | Incumbent re-elected January 22, 1896.[12] |

* ▌Y William B. Allison (Republican) 79
* ▌Washington Irving Babb (Democratic) 25
* ▌Frank Q. Stuart (Unknown) 1[12][13]

Kansas | William A. Peffer | Populist | 1891 | Incumbent lost re-election.
New senator elected January 27, 1897.[14]
Populist hold.  |

* ▌Y William A. Harris (Populist)
* ▌William A. Peffer (Populist)
* [data missing]

Kentucky | J. C. S. Blackburn | Democratic  | 1884
1890 | Legislature failed to elect.
Democratic loss.
A new senator was later elected; see below.  | None.
Louisiana | Newton C. Blanchard | Democratic  | 1894 (appointed)
1894 (special) | Incumbent retired.
New senator elected May 28, 1896.[15]
Democratic hold.  |

* ▌Y Samuel D. McEnery (Democratic)
* ▌Denegree (Citizen's League)
* 3-vote majority[15]

Maryland | Charles H. Gibson | Democratic  | 1891 (appointed)
1892 (special) | Incumbent retired or lost re-election.
New senator elected January 22, 1896.[16]
Republican gain. |

* ▌Y George L. Wellington (Republican) 63
* ▌Phillips Lee Goldsborough (Republican) 1
* ▌John Water Smith (Democratic) 24
* ▌John R. Pattison (Democratic) 7
* ▌James E. Elegood (Unknown) 1[16]

Missouri | George G. Vest | Democratic  | 1879
1885
1891 | Incumbent re-elected January 20, 1897.[17] |

* ▌Y George G. Vest (Democratic)
* [data missing]

Nevada | John P. Jones | Silver | 1873
1879
1885
1891 | Incumbent re-elected January 26, 1897.[18] |

* ▌Y John P. Jones (Silver) 40
* ▌William McMillan (Republican) 4
* ▌A. L. Fitzgerald (Populist) 1[18][19][20]

New Hampshire | Jacob H. Gallinger | Republican  | 1891 | Incumbent re-elected January 20, 1897.[21] |

* ▌Y Jacob H. Gallinger (Republican)
* Unopposed

New York | David B. Hill | Democratic  | 1891 | Incumbent lost re-election.
New senator elected January 20, 1897.
Republican gain. |

* ▌Y Thomas C. Platt (Republican) 147
* ▌David B. Hill (Democratic) 42
* ▌Henry George (Ind. Democratic) 4

North Carolina | Jeter Pritchard | Republican  | 1894 (special) | Incumbent re-elected January 20, 1897.[22] |

* ▌Y Jeter Pritchard (Republican) 88
* ▌[FNU] Thompson (Populist) 43
* ▌[FNU] Doughton (Democratic) 33[22]

North Dakota | Henry C. Hansbrough | Republican  | 1891 | Incumbent re-elected January 20, 1897.[23] |

* ▌Y Henry C. Hansbrough (Republican)
* [data missing]

Ohio | Calvin S. Brice | Democratic  | 1890 | Incumbent lost re-election.
New senator elected January 14, 1896.[24]
Republican gain. |

* ▌Y Joseph B. Foraker (Republican)
* [data missing]

Oregon | John H. Mitchell | Republican  | 1885 (late)
1890 | Legislature failed to elect.
Republican loss.
A new senator was later elected; see below.  | ▌John H. Mitchell (Republican)
Pennsylvania | J. Donald Cameron | Republican  | 1877 (special)
1879
1885
1891 | Incumbent retired.
New senator elected January 19, 1897.
Republican hold.  |

* ▌Y Boies Penrose (Republican) 83.00%
* ▌Chauncey F. Black (Democratic) 15.42%
* ▌John Wanamaker (Republican) 0.40%

South Carolina | John L. M. Irby | Democratic  | 1884 | Incumbent retired.
New senator elected January 26, 1897.[25]
Democratic hold.  |

* ▌Y Joseph Earle (Democratic)
* Unopposed[25]

South Dakota | James H. Kyle | Populist  | 1891 | Incumbent re-elected February 18, 1897.[26] |

* ▌Y James H. Kyle (Populist)
* [data missing]

Utah | Arthur Brown | Republican  | 1896 (new state) | Incumbent retired.
New senator elected February 3, 1897.[27]
Democratic gain. |

* ▌Y Joseph L. Rawlins (Democratic) 32
* ▌Moses Thatcher (Democratic) 29
* ▌[FNU] Henderson (Unknown) 1
* ▌[FNU] Brown (Unknown) 1

Vermont | Justin S. Morrill | Republican  | 1866
1872
1878
1884
1890 | Incumbent re-elected in 1896.  |

* ▌Y Justin S. Morrill (Republican)
* [data missing]

Washington | Watson C. Squire | Republican  | 1889
1891 | Incumbent lost re-election.
New senator elected January 29, 1897.[28]
Silver Republican gain. |

* ▌Y George Turner (Silver Republican) 67[28]
* [data missing]

Wisconsin | William F. Vilas | Democratic  | 1890 | Incumbent lost renomination.
New senator elected January 27, 1897.[25]
Republican gain. |

* ▌Y John C. Spooner (Republican) 92.13%
* ▌Willis C. Silverthorn (Democratic) 6.30%
* ▌Edward S. Bragg (Gold Democratic) 1.57%

### Elections during the 55th Congress

[edit]

In these elections, the winners were elected in 1897 after March 4; ordered by date.

State  | Incumbent  | Results  | Candidates

|
|
|

Senator  | Party  | Electoral history
Ohio
(Class 1)  | John Sherman | Republican  | 1861 (special)
1866
1872
1877 (resigned)
1881
1886
1892 | Incumbent resigned March 4, 1897.
New senator elected March 5, 1897.
Republican hold.  |

* ▌Y Mark Hanna (Republican)
* [data missing]

Florida
(Class 3)  | Vacant | Legislature had failed to elect; see above.
New senator elected May 14, 1897.[29]
Democratic gain. |

* ▌Y Stephen Mallory II (Democratic) 53
* ▌[FNU] Chipley (Unknown) 44
* ▌[FNU] Call (Unknown) 1[29]

Kentucky | Vacant | Legislature had failed to elect; see above.
New senator elected April 28, 1897.
Republican gain. |

* ▌Y William J. Deboe (Republican) 71
* ▌J. C. S. Blackburn (Democratic) 50
* ▌Henry L. Martin (Democratic) 13
* ▌William J. Stone (Democratic) 1

Oregon
(Class 3)  | Vacant | Legislature had failed to elect; see above.
New senator elected May 15, 1897.
Republican gain. |

* ▌Y Joseph Simon (Republican)
* [data missing]

## Maryland

[edit]

This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (November 2022)

|

1896 United States Senate election in Maryland | ← 1892 | January 1890 | 1902 →

|
|

* * *

80 members of the Maryland General Assembly
|   |  |

|
|

Candidate  | George L. Wellington |
Party  | Republican |
Legislative vote  | - |
Percentage  | -% |

George L. Wellington was elected by an unknown margin, for the Class 3 seat.[30]

## New York

[edit]

Main article: 1897 United States Senate election in New York

The election in New York was held on January 19, 1897, by the New York State Legislature. Democrat David B. Hill had been elected to this seat in 1891, and his term would expire on March 3, 1897. At the State election in November 1895, 36 Republicans and 14 Democrats were elected for a three-year term (1896–1898) in the state senate. At the State election in November 1896, 114 Republicans and 36 Democrats were elected for the session of 1897 to the Assembly. The 120th New York State Legislature met from January 6 to April 24, 1897, at Albany, New York.

The Republican caucus met on January 14. 149 State legislators attended, and State Senator Cornelius R. Parsons (43rd D.), Ex-Mayor of Rochester, presided. The caucus nominated the Republican boss Thomas C. Platt, who had been briefly a U.S. Senator in 1881, on the first ballot.

1897 Republican caucus for United States Senator result Candidate  | First ballot

|

Y Thomas C. Platt | 142
Joseph H. Choate | 7

The Democratic caucus met on January 18. 46 State legislators attended, but 5 walked out before the roll was called, after making speeches against Hill. The incumbent U.S. Senator David B. Hill was re-nominated.

1897 Democratic caucus for United States Senator result Candidate  | First ballot

|

Y David B. Hill | 36
Wilbur F. Porter[c] | 3
Robert C. Titus | 2

Thomas C. Platt was the choice of both the Assembly and the state senate, and was declared elected. Four anti-Hill Democrats voted for Labor leader Henry George, who later the same year ran for Mayor of New York as a "Jefferson Democrat" but died a few days before the election.

1897 United States Senator election result House  | Republican | Democrat |

|
|
|

State Senate
(50 members)  | Y Thomas C. Platt | 35 | David B. Hill | 11  | Henry George | 2
State Assembly
(150 members)  | Thomas C. Platt | 112 | David B. Hill | 31  | Henry George | 2

Note: The votes were cast on January 19, but both Houses met in a joint session on January 20 to compare nominations, and declare the result.

## Pennsylvania

[edit]

Main article: 1897 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania

The election in Pennsylvania was held January 19, 1897. Boies Penrose was elected by the Pennsylvania General Assembly.[31] Incumbent Republican J. Donald Cameron, who was elected in an 1877 special election and subsequently re-elected in 1879, 1885, and 1891, was not a candidate for re-election. The Pennsylvania General Assembly, consisting of the House of Representatives and the Senate, convened on January 19, 1897, to elect a new senator to fill the term beginning on March 4, 1897. The results of the vote of both houses combined are as follows:

State Legislature Results[31] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %

|
|
|

| Republican | Boies Penrose | 210 | 83.00
| Democratic | Chauncey F. Black | 39  | 15.42
| Republican | John Wanamaker | 1  | 0.40
| N/A  | Not voting  | 3  | 1.19
Totals | 253 | 100.00%

## South Carolina

[edit]

Main article: 1897 United States Senate election in South Carolina

The election in South Carolina was a unanimous election of the Democratic nominee on January 26, 1897. The Democratic primary election was held on August 26, 1896, and September 9. The Democratic Party of South Carolina organized primary elections for the U.S. Senate beginning in 1896 and the General Assembly would confirm the choice of the Democratic voters. Conservative Democratic Joseph H. Earle won the Democratic primary and was elected by the General Assembly for a six-year term.

In 1896, Governor of South Carolina John Gary Evans entered the first ever election in the state of South Carolina for the U.S. Senate. He had the backing of Senator Ben Tillman and much of the farming interests in the state. However, the farmers' movement had largely run its course and the Tillmanite reform movement had angered a considerable number of voters in the state. Conservative Joseph H. Earle and Newberry native John T. Duncan announced their candidacy's in opposition to Governor Evans. In the primary on August 26 Evans emerged as the frontrunner, but did not garner over 50% of the vote and was forced to face Earle in a runoff election. Those who had voted for Duncan threw their support to Earle and it provided him with the margin he needed for victory over Evans.

South Carolina U.S. Senate Primary Election, 1896  Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Democratic | John Gary Evans | 38,802  | 49.6  |
| Democratic | Joseph H. Earle | 31,092  | 39.8  |
| Democratic | John T. Duncan  | 8,327  | 10.6  |
South Carolina U.S. Senate Primary Election Runoff, 1896  Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Democratic | Joseph H. Earle | 42,915  | 52.0  | +12.2
| Democratic | John Gary Evans | 39,576  | 48.0  | −1.6

## See also

[edit]

* 1896 United States elections
* 1896 United States House of Representatives elections
* 1896 United States presidential election
* 54th United States Congress
* 55th United States Congress

## Notes

[edit]

1. ^ as Republican Conference Chair
2. ^ as Democratic Caucus Chair
3. ^ Wilbur F. Porter (b. ca. 1841), lawyer, five times Mayor of Watertown, ran for Governor in 1896.

1. ^ "17th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution: Direct Election of U.S. Senators (1913)". National Archives and Records Administration. February 8, 2022.
2. ^ Schlup, Leonard C.; Ryan, James Gilbert (February 16, 2018). Historical Dictionary of the Gilded Age. M.E. Sharpe. ISBN 9780765621061 – via Google Books.
3. ^ a b "Jones in Arkansas". The New York Times. January 21, 1897. p. 2.
4. ^ Hild, Matthew (September 28, 2021). "James Richard Sovereign (1854–1928)". Encyclopedia of Arkansas. Retrieved September 30, 2022.
5. ^ "Perkins Re-elected in California". The New York Times. January 13, 1897. p. 12.
6. ^ a b "Teller in Colorado". The New York Times. January 21, 1897. p. 2.
7. ^ "Platt in Connecticut". The New York Times. January 21, 1897. p. 2.
8. ^ "Henry Heitfeld Elected". Idaho Daily Statesman. January 29, 1897.
9. ^ "Mason in Illinois". The New York Times. January 21, 1897. p. 2.
10. ^ a b "Mason Elected Wednesday". The Champaign County News. Vol. 6, no. 49\. January 23, 1897. p. 1 – via Newspapers.com.
11. ^ a b "Fairbanks in Indiana". The New York Times. January 21, 1897. p. 2.
12. ^ a b Clark, p. 238.
13. ^ "Frank Q. Stuart". The Annals of Iowa. 15 (3). University of Iowa: 233–234\. 1926. doi:10.17077/0003-4827.4961. Retrieved September 29, 2022. "In 1894 he was the Democratic and Peoples Party fusion candidate for Congress from the Eighth District"
14. ^ "Peffer's Successor Chosen". The New York Times. January 28, 1897. p. 1.
15. ^ a b "M'ENERY ELECTED SENATOR". The New York Times. May 29, 1896. p. 5.
16. ^ a b "WELLINGTON IS ELECTED". The New York Times. January 23, 1896. p. 5.
17. ^ "Vest in Missouri". The New York Times. January 21, 1897. p. 2.
18. ^ a b "Jones of Nevada Re-elected". The New York Times. January 27, 1897. p. 3.
19. ^ "Salmagundi". Daily Independent. Elko, Nev. January 27, 1897. p. 3. Retrieved October 11, 2021.
20. ^ Tribune Almanac 1898, p. 162.
21. ^ "Gallinger in New Hampshire". The New York Times. January 21, 1897. p. 2.
22. ^ a b "PRITCHARD IN NORTH CAROLINA". The New York Times. January 21, 1897. p. 2.
23. ^ "Hansbrough in North Dakota". The New York Times. January 21, 1897. p. 2.
24. ^ "Foraker will succeed Brice: Ohio's Republican Legislators Vote Solidly for the Ex-Governor" (PDF). The New York Times. January 14, 1896.
25. ^ a b c "TWO SENATORS ELECTED". The New York Times. January 27, 1897. p. 3.
26. ^ "SENATOR KYLE RE-ELECTED". The New York Times. February 19, 1897. p. 3.
27. ^ "Joseph L. Rawlins". Sacramento Daily Union. February 4, 1897.
28. ^ a b "TURNER ELECTED SENATOR". The New York Times. January 30, 1897. p. 1.
29. ^ a b "MALLORY ELECTED SENATOR". The New York Times. May 15, 1897. p. 12.
30. ^ "Our Campaigns - MD US Senate Race - Nov 03, 1896". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved November 5, 2022.
31. ^ a b "U.S. Senate Election - 19 January 1897" (PDF). Wilkes University. Retrieved December 22, 2013.

## References

[edit]

* Party Division in the Senate, 1789-Present, via Senate.gov
* Clark, Dan Elbert (1913). "History of Senatorial Elections in Iowa". Iowa City, Iowa.
* Cox, Harold (January 31, 2007). "Pennsylvania Election Statistics: 1682–2006". The Wilkes University Election Statistics Project. Wilkes University.
* Rhoades, Henry Eckford, ed. (1898). The Tribune Almanac for 1898. New York, NY: The Tribune Association.
* Jordan, Frank E. The Primary State: A History of the Democratic Party in South Carolina, 1876-1962. p. 54.
* "Evans Makes a Denial". New York Times. June 23, 1896. p. 5.
* "Hope for South Carolina". New York Times. September 23, 1896. p. 9.
* Members of the 55th United States Congress
* PROCEEDINGS OF THE CAUCUS, The New York Times, January 15, 1897
* MR. HILL IS RENOMINATED, The New York Times, January 19, 1897
* MANY SENATORS SELECTED; Platt Gets a Big Majority in Each House of New York's Legislature, The New York Times, January 20, 1897

* v
* t
* e

United States Senate elections

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(elected by state
legislatures)|

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* 1870–71
* 1872–73
* 1874–75
* 1876–77
* 1878–79
* 1880–81
* 1882–83
* 1884–85
* 1886–87
* 1888–89
* 1890–91
* 1892–93
* 1894–95
* 1896–97
* 1898–99
* 1900–01
* 1902–03
* 1904–05
* 1906–07
* 1908–09
* 1910–11
* 1912–13

1914–present
(popular election)|

| Regulars
and
even-year
specials|

* 1914
* 1916
* 1918
* 1920
* 1922
* 1924
* 1926
* 1928
* 1930
* 1932
* 1934
* 1936
* 1938
* 1940
* 1942
* 1944
* 1946
* 1948
* 1950
* 1952
* 1954
* 1956
* 1958
* 1960
* 1962
* 1964
* 1966
* 1968
* 1970
* 1972
* 1974
* 1976
* 1978
* 1980
* 1982
* 1984
* 1986
* 1988
* 1990
* 1992
* 1994
* 1996
* 1998
* 2000
* 2002
* 2004
* 2006
* 2008
* 2010
* 2012
* 2014
* 2016
* 2018
* 2020
* 2022
* 2024
* 2026
* 2028
* 2030

|

Odd-year
specials|

* 1913
* Georgia
* Maryland
* 1921
* 1923
* 1925
* 1931
* 1933
* 1937
* 1941
* 1947
* 1949
* 1957
* 1959
* 1961
* 1974–75
* 1983
* 1991
* 1993
* 2013
* 2017
* 2020–21
* List of all specials

Elections by state|

* Alabama
* Alaska
* Arizona
* Arkansas
* California
* Colorado
* Connecticut
* Delaware
* District of Columbia
* Florida
* Georgia
* Hawaii
* Idaho
* Illinois
* Indiana
* Iowa
* Kansas
* Kentucky
* Louisiana
* Maine
* Maryland
* Massachusetts
* Michigan
* Minnesota
* Mississippi
* Missouri
* Montana
* Nebraska
* Nevada
* New Hampshire
* New Jersey
* New Mexico
* New York
* North Carolina
* North Dakota
* Ohio
* Oklahoma
* Oregon
* Pennsylvania
* Rhode Island
* South Carolina
* South Dakota
* Tennessee
* Texas
* Utah
* Vermont
* Virginia
* Washington
* West Virginia
* Wisconsin
* Wyoming

* Special elections
* Election disputes
* Results by state
* List of US elections
* House elections
* Presidential elections
* Gubernatorial elections

* v
* t
* e

(1895←)   1896 United States elections   (→1897)

U.S.
President|

* Alabama
* Arkansas
* California
* Colorado
* Connecticut
* Delaware
* Florida
* Georgia
* Idaho
* Illinois
* Indiana
* Iowa
* Kansas
* Kentucky
* Louisiana
* Maine
* Maryland
* Massachusetts
* Michigan
* Minnesota
* Mississippi
* Missouri
* Montana
* Nebraska
* Nevada
* New Hampshire
* New Jersey
* New York
* North Carolina
* North Dakota
* Ohio
* Oregon
* Pennsylvania
* Rhode Island
* South Carolina
* South Dakota
* Tennessee
* Texas
* Utah
* Vermont
* Virginia
* Washington
* West Virginia
* Wisconsin
* Wyoming

U.S.
Senate|

* Alabama
* Georgia
* Illinois
* Iowa
* Louisiana
* Maryland
* Ohio
* Utah
* Vermont

U.S.
House|

* Alabama
* Arizona Territory
* Arkansas
* California
* Colorado
* Connecticut
* Delaware
* Florida
* Georgia
* Idaho
* Illinois
* Indiana
* Iowa
* Kansas
* Kentucky
* Louisiana
* Maine
* Maryland
* Massachusetts
* Michigan
* Minnesota
* Mississippi
* Missouri
* Montana
* Nebraska
* Nevada
* New Hampshire
* New Jersey
* New Mexico Territory
* New York
* North Carolina
* North Dakota
* Ohio
* Oklahoma Territory
* Oregon
* Pennsylvania
* Rhode Island
* South Carolina
* South Dakota
* Tennessee
* Texas
* Utah
* Vermont
* Virginia
* Washington
* West Virginia
* Wisconsin
* Wyoming

Governors|

* Alabama
* Arkansas
* Colorado
* Connecticut
* Delaware
* Florida
* Georgia
* Idaho
* Illinois
* Lt. Gov
* Indiana
* Kansas
* Louisiana
* Maine
* Massachusetts
* Michigan
* Minnesota
* Lt. Gov
* Missouri
* Montana
* Nebraska
* Lt. Gov
* New Hampshire
* New York
* North Carolina
* North Dakota
* Rhode Island
* South Carolina
* South Dakota
* Tennessee
* Texas
* Vermont
* Washington
* West Virginia
* Wisconsin

Mayors|

* Los Angeles, CA
* Manchester, NH

States and
territories|

* Alabama
* Arkansas
* California
* Colorado
* Connecticut
* Delaware
* Florida
* Georgia
* Idaho
* Illinois
* Indiana
* Iowa
* Kansas
* Kentucky
* Louisiana
* Maine
* Maryland
* Massachusetts
* Michigan
* Minnesota
* Mississippi
* Missouri
* Montana
* Nebraska
* Nevada
* New Hampshire
* New Jersey
* New York
* North Carolina
* North Dakota
* Ohio
* Oregon
* Pennsylvania
* Rhode Island
* South Carolina
* South Dakota
* Tennessee
* Texas
* Utah
* Vermont
* Virginia
* Washington
* West Virginia
* Wisconsin
* Wyoming

* v
* t
* e

(1896←)   1897 United States elections   (→1898)

U.S.
Senate|

* Alabama
* Arkansas
* California
* Colorado
* Connecticut
* Delaware (Special)
* Florida
* Idaho
* Illinois
* Indiana
* Kansas
* Kentucky
* Missouri
* Nevada
* New Hampshire
* New York
* North Carolina
* North Dakota
* Ohio (Special)
* Pennsylvania
* South Carolina
* South Dakota
* Utah
* Washington
* Wisconsin

U.S.
House|

* Illinois
* 6th sp
* Indiana
* 4th sp
* Maine
* 3rd sp
* Massachusetts
* 1st sp
* Missouri
* 1st sp
* New York
* 3rd sp
* Pennsylvania
* 25th sp
* South Carolina
* 6th sp

Governors|

* Iowa
* Massachusetts
* Ohio
* Rhode Island
* Virginia

State Legislatures|

* Iowa Senate

Mayors|

* Boston
* Chicago
* New York City
* San Diego

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