1910 United States census

13th US national census

Thirteenth census
of the United States

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| <- 1900 | April 15, 1910 | 1920 ->

|
|

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U.S. Census Bureau seal

General information
Country| United States
Results
Total population| 92,228,496 ( 21%)
Most populous state| New York
9,113,614
Least populous state| Nevada
81,875

The 1910 United States census, conducted by the Census Bureau on April 15, 1910, determined the resident population of the United States to be 92,228,496, an increase of 21 percent over the 76,212,168 persons enumerated during the 1900 census. The 1910 census switched from a portrait page orientation to a landscape orientation.

This was the last census in which Texas did not record any top 50 largest cities by population, despite being the 5th most populous state at the time. It was also the first census in which all the top 50 largest cities had population over 100,000.

The 1910 census was the first to use metropolitan districts, the predecessor to modern metropolitan statistical areas, which were defined for all cities with at least 200,000 people.[1]

## Organization

[edit]

Dr. Edward Dana Durand, then-head of the Bureau of Corporations, was appointed in 1909 to oversee the census.[2] $14 million were allocated to conduct the census.[2]

## Census questions

[edit]

The 1910 census collected the following information:[3]

* address
* name
* relationship to head of family
* sex
* race
* age
* marital status and, if married, number of years of present marriage
* for women, number of children born and number now living
* place of birth and mother tongue of person, and their parents
* if foreign born, year of immigration; whether naturalized; whether able to speak English and, if unable, language spoken
* occupation, industry and class of worker
* if an employee, whether out of work during year
* literacy
* school attendance
* whether home owned or rented, and, if owned, whether mortgaged
* whether farm or house
* whether a survivor of Union or Confederate Army or Navy
* whether blind, deaf, or dumb

Full documentation for the 1910 census, including census forms and enumerator instructions, is available from the Integrated Public Use Microdata Series.

## Column titles

[edit]

The column titles in the census form are as follows:

LOCATION. Street, avenue, road, etc.
House number (in cities or towns).
1\. Number of dwelling house in order of visitation.
2\. Number of family in order of visitation.

* * *

3\. NAME of each person whose place of abode on April 15, 1910, was in this family.

Enter surname first, then the given name and middle initial, if any.

Include every person living on April 15, 1910. Omit children born since April 15, 1910.

* * *

RELATION.

4\. Relationship of this person to the head of the family.

* * *

PERSONAL DESCRIPTION.

5\. Sex.

6\. Color or race.

7\. Age at last birthday.

8\. Whether single, married, widowed, or divorced.

9\. Number of years of present marriage.

10\. Mother of how many children: Number born.

11\. Mother of how many children: Number now living.

* * *

NATIVITY.

Place of birth of each person and parents of each person enumerated. If born in the United States, give the state or territory. If of foreign birth, give the country.

12\. Place of birth of this Person.

13\. Place of birth of Father of this person.

14\. Place of birth of Mother of this person.

* * *

CITIZENSHIP.

15\. Year of immigration to the United States.

16\. Whether naturalized or alien.

* * *

17\. Whether able to speak English; or, if not, give language spoken.

* * *

OCCUPATION.

18\. Trade or profession of, or particular kind of work done by this person, as spinner, salesman, laborer, etc.,

19\. General nature of industry, business, or establishment in which this person works, as cotton mill, dry goods store, farm, etc.

20\. Whether as employer, employee, or work on own account.

* * *

If an employee – 21\. Whether out of work on April 15, 1910.

22\. Number of weeks out of work during year 1909.

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EDUCATION.

23\. Whether able to read.

24\. Whether able to write.

25\. Attended school any time since September 1, 1909.

* * *

OWNERSHIP OF HOME.

26\. Owned or rented.

27\. Owned free or mortgaged.

28\. Farm or house.

29\. Number of farm schedule.

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30\. Whether a survivor of the Union or Confederate Army or Navy.

* * *

31\. Whether blind (both eyes).

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32\. Whether deaf and dumb.

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## State rankings

[edit]

Rank  | State  | Population as of
1910 census[4] | Population as of
1900 census  | Change  | Percent
change

|
|
|
|
|

1  |  New York | 9,113,614  | 7,268,894  | 1,844,720  | 25.4%
2  |  Pennsylvania | 7,665,111  | 6,302,115  | 1,362,996  | 21.6%
3  |  Illinois | 5,638,591  | 4,821,550  | 817,041  | 16.9%
4  |  Ohio | 4,767,121  | 4,157,545  | 609,576  | 14.7%
5  |  Texas | 3,896,542  | 3,048,710  | 847,832  | 27.8%
6  |  Massachusetts | 3,366,416  | 2,805,346  | 561,070  | 20.0%
7  |  Missouri | 3,293,335  | 3,106,665  | 186,670  | 6.0%
8  |  Michigan | 2,810,173  | 2,420,982  | 389,191  | 16.1%
9  |  Indiana | 2,700,876  | 2,516,462  | 184,414  | 7.3%
10  |  Georgia | 2,609,121  | 2,216,331  | 392,790  | 17.7%
11  |  New Jersey | 2,537,167  | 1,883,669  | 653,498  | 34.7%
12  |  California | 2,377,549  | 1,485,053  | 892,496  | 60.1%
13  |  Wisconsin | 2,333,860  | 2,069,042  | 264,818  | 12.8%
14  |  Kentucky | 2,289,905  | 2,147,174  | 142,731  | 6.6%
15  |  Iowa | 2,224,771  | 2,231,853  | −7,082  | −0.3%
16  |  North Carolina | 2,206,287  | 1,893,810  | 312,477  | 16.5%
17  |  Tennessee | 2,184,789  | 2,020,616  | 164,173  | 8.1%
18  |  Alabama | 2,138,093  | 1,828,697  | 309,396  | 16.9%
19  |  Minnesota | 2,075,708  | 1,751,394  | 324,314  | 18.5%
20  |  Virginia | 2,061,612  | 1,854,184  | 207,428  | 11.2%
21  |  Mississippi | 1,797,114  | 1,551,270  | 245,844  | 15.8%
22  |  Kansas | 1,690,949  | 1,470,495  | 220,454  | 15.0%
23  |  Oklahoma | 1,657,155  | 790,391  | 866,764  | 109.7%
24  |  Louisiana | 1,656,388  | 1,381,625  | 274,763  | 19.9%
25  |  Arkansas | 1,574,449  | 1,311,564  | 262,885  | 20.0%
26  |  South Carolina | 1,515,400  | 1,340,316  | 175,084  | 13.1%
27  |  Maryland | 1,295,346  | 1,188,044  | 107,302  | 9.0%
28  |  West Virginia | 1,221,119  | 958,800  | 262,319  | 27.4%
29  |  Nebraska | 1,192,214  | 1,066,300  | 125,914  | 11.8%
30  |  Washington | 1,141,990  | 518,103  | 623,887  | 120.4%
31  |  Connecticut | 1,114,756  | 908,420  | 206,336  | 22.7%
32  |  Colorado | 799,024  | 539,700  | 259,324  | 48.0%
33  |  Florida | 752,619  | 528,542  | 224,077  | 42.4%
34  |  Maine | 742,371  | 694,466  | 47,905  | 6.9%
35  |  Oregon | 672,765  | 413,536  | 259,229  | 62.7%
36  |  South Dakota | 583,888  | 401,570  | 182,318  | 45.4%
37  |  North Dakota | 577,056  | 319,146  | 257,910  | 80.8%
38  |  Rhode Island | 542,610  | 428,556  | 114,054  | 26.6%
39  |  New Hampshire | 430,572  | 411,588  | 18,984  | 4.6%
40  |  Montana | 376,053  | 243,329  | 132,724  | 54.5%
41  |  Utah | 373,351  | 276,749  | 96,602  | 34.9%
42  |  Vermont | 355,956  | 343,641  | 12,315  | 3.6%
–  |  District of Columbia | 331,069  | 278,718  | 52,351  | 18.8%
–  |  New Mexico | 327,301  | 195,310  | 131,991  | 67.6%
43  |  Idaho | 325,594  | 161,772  | 163,822  | 101.3%
–  |  Arizona | 204,354  | 122,931  | 81,423  | 66.2%
44  |  Delaware | 202,322  | 184,735  | 17,587  | 9.5%
–  |  Hawaii | 191,874  | 154,001  | 37,873  | 24.6%
45  |  Wyoming | 145,965  | 92,531  | 53,434  | 57.7%
46  |  Nevada | 81,875  | 42,335  | 39,540  | 93.4%
–  |  Alaska | 64,356  | 63,592  | 764  | 1.2%

## City rankings

[edit]

Rank | City | State | Population[5] | Region (2016)[6]

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01 | New York | New York | 4,766,883 | Northeast
02 | Chicago | Illinois | 2,185,283 | Midwest
03 | Philadelphia | Pennsylvania | 1,549,008 | Northeast
04 | St. Louis | Missouri | 687,029 | Midwest
05 | Boston | Massachusetts | 670,585 | Northeast
06 | Cleveland | Ohio | 560,663 | Midwest
07 | Baltimore | Maryland | 558,485 | South
08 | Pittsburgh | Pennsylvania | 533,905 | Northeast
09 | Detroit | Michigan | 465,766 | Midwest
10 | Buffalo | New York | 423,715 | Northeast
11 | San Francisco | California | 416,912 | West
12 | Milwaukee | Wisconsin | 373,857 | Midwest
13 | Cincinnati | Ohio | 363,591 | Midwest
14 | Newark | New Jersey | 347,469 | Northeast
15 | New Orleans | Louisiana | 339,075 | South
16 | Washington | District of Columbia | 331,069 | South
17 | Los Angeles | California | 319,198 | West
18 | Minneapolis | Minnesota | 301,408 | Midwest
19 | Jersey City | New Jersey | 267,779 | Northeast
20 | Kansas City | Missouri | 248,381 | Midwest
21 | Seattle | Washington | 237,194 | West
22 | Indianapolis | Indiana | 233,650 | Midwest
23 | Providence | Rhode Island | 224,326 | Northeast
24 | Louisville | Kentucky | 223,928 | South
25 | Rochester | New York | 218,149 | Northeast
26 | Saint Paul | Minnesota | 214,744 | Midwest
27 | Denver | Colorado | 213,381 | West
28 | Portland | Oregon | 207,214 | West
29 | Columbus | Ohio | 181,511 | Midwest
30 | Toledo | Ohio | 168,497 | Midwest
31 | Atlanta | Georgia | 154,839 | South
32 | Oakland | California | 150,174 | West
33 | Worcester | Massachusetts | 145,986 | Northeast
34 | Syracuse | New York | 137,249 | Northeast
35 | New Haven | Connecticut | 133,605 | Northeast
36 | Birmingham | Alabama | 132,685 | South
37 | Memphis | Tennessee | 131,105 | South
38 | Scranton | Pennsylvania | 129,867 | Northeast
39 | Richmond | Virginia | 127,628 | South
40 | Paterson | New Jersey | 125,600 | Northeast
41 | Omaha | Nebraska | 124,096 | Midwest
42 | Fall River | Massachusetts | 119,295 | Northeast
43 | Dayton | Ohio | 116,577 | Midwest
44 | Grand Rapids | Michigan | 112,571 | Midwest
45 | Nashville | Tennessee | 110,364 | South
46 | Lowell | Massachusetts | 106,294 | Northeast
47 | Cambridge | Massachusetts | 104,839 | Northeast
48 | Spokane | Washington | 104,402 | West
49 | Bridgeport | Connecticut | 102,054 | Northeast
50 | Albany | New York | 100,253 | Northeast
51 | Hartford | Connecticut | 98,915 | Northeast
52 | Trenton | New Jersey | 96,815 | Northeast
53 | New Bedford | Massachusetts | 96,652 | Northeast
54 | San Antonio | Texas | 96,614 | South
55 | Reading | Pennsylvania | 96,071 | Northeast
56 | Camden | New Jersey | 94,538 | Northeast
57 | Salt Lake City | Utah | 92,777 | West
58 | Dallas | Texas | 92,104 | South
59 | Lynn | Massachusetts | 89,336 | Northeast
60 | Springfield | Massachusetts | 88,926 | Northeast
61 | Wilmington | Delaware | 87,411 | South
62 | Des Moines | Iowa | 86,368 | Midwest
63 | Lawrence | Massachusetts | 85,892 | Northeast
64 | Tacoma | Washington | 83,743 | West
65 | Kansas City | Kansas | 82,331 | Midwest
66 | Yonkers | New York | 79,803 | Northeast
67 | Youngstown | Ohio | 79,066 | Midwest
68 | Houston | Texas | 78,800 | South
69 | Duluth | Minnesota | 78,466 | Midwest
70 | St. Joseph | Missouri | 77,403 | Midwest
71 | Somerville | Massachusetts | 77,236 | Northeast
72 | Troy | New York | 76,813 | Northeast
73 | Utica | New York | 74,419 | Northeast
74 | Elizabeth | New Jersey | 73,409 | Northeast
75 | Fort Worth | Texas | 73,312 | South
76 | Waterbury | Connecticut | 73,141 | Northeast
77 | Schenectady | New York | 72,826 | Northeast
78 | Hoboken | New Jersey | 70,324 | Northeast
79 | Manchester | New Hampshire | 70,063 | Northeast
80 | Evansville | Indiana | 69,647 | Midwest
81 | Akron | Ohio | 69,067 | Midwest
82 | Norfolk | Virginia | 67,452 | South
83 | Wilkes-Barre | Pennsylvania | 67,105 | Northeast
84 | Peoria | Illinois | 66,950 | Midwest
85 | Erie | Pennsylvania | 66,525 | Northeast
86 | Savannah | Georgia | 65,064 | South
87 | Oklahoma City | Oklahoma | 64,205 | South
88 | Harrisburg | Pennsylvania | 64,186 | Northeast
89 | Fort Wayne | Indiana | 63,933 | Midwest
90 | Charleston | South Carolina | 58,833 | South
91 | Portland | Maine | 58,571 | Northeast
92 | East St. Louis | Illinois | 58,547 | Midwest
93 | Terre Haute | Indiana | 58,157 | Midwest
94 | Holyoke | Massachusetts | 57,730 | Northeast
95 | Jacksonville | Florida | 57,699 | South
96 | Brockton | Massachusetts | 56,878 | Northeast
97 | Bayonne | New Jersey | 55,545 | Northeast
98 | Johnstown | Pennsylvania | 55,482 | Northeast
99 | Passaic | New Jersey | 54,773 | Northeast
100 | South Bend | Indiana | 53,684 | Midwest

## Locations of 50 most populous cities

[edit]

New York

Chicago

Philadelphia

St. Louis

Boston

Cleveland

Baltimore

Pittsburgh

Detroit

Buffalo

San Francisco

Milwaukee

Cincinnati

Newark

New Orleans

Washington

Los Angeles

Minneapolis

Jersey City

Kansas City

Seattle

Indianapolis

Providence

Louisville

Rochester

Saint Paul

Denver

Portland

Columbus

Toledo

Atlanta

Oakland

Worcester

Syracuse

New Haven

Birmingham

Memphis

Scranton

Richmond

Omaha

Fall River

Dayton

Grand Rapids

Nashville

Lowell

Spokane

class=notpageimage|

Location of 50 largest cities by population in the United States in 1910. Not shown: Manila, Philippines.
Numbered Cities
1\. Paterson, New Jersey
2\. Cambridge, Massachusetts
3\. Bridgeport, Connecticut

## First language of the foreign-born population

[edit]

Rank  | Language  | White population[7]

|
|

1  | English and Celtic | 3,363,792
2  | German | 2,759,032
3  | Italian | 1,365,110
4  | Yiddish and Hebrew | 1,051,767
5  | Polish | 943,781
6  | Swedish | 683,218
7  | French | 528,842
8  | Norwegian | 402,587
9  | Spanish | 258,131
10  | Hungarian | 229,094
11  | Czech | 228,738
12  | Danish | 183,844
13  | Slovak | 166,474
14  | Dutch | 151,825
15  | Lithuanian and Latvian | 140,963
16  | Slovene | 123,631
17  | Finnish | 119,948
18  | Greek | 118,379
19  | Serbo-Croatian | 105,669
20  | Portuguese | 72,649
21  | Russian | 57,926
22  | Romanian | 42,277
23  | Arabic | 32,868
24  | Ukrainian | 25,131
25  | Armenian | 23,938
26  | Bulgarian | 18,341
27  | Turkish | 4,709
28  | Albanian | 2,312

## Data availability

[edit]

An example of a 1910 U.S. census form with August H. Runge

The original census enumeration sheets were microfilmed by the Census Bureau in the 1940s; after which the original sheets were destroyed.[8] The microfilmed census is available in rolls from the National Archives and Records Administration. Several organizations also host images of the microfilmed census online, along with digital indices.

Microdata from the 1910 census are freely available through the Integrated Public Use Microdata Series. Aggregate data for small areas, together with electronic boundary files, can be downloaded from the National Historical Geographic Information System.

## Notes

[edit]

1. ^ Gardner, Todd (February 2021). Changes in Metropolitan Area Definition, 1910–2010 (PDF). Center for Economic Studies (Report). United States Census Bureau. p. 12. Retrieved January 26, 2024.
2. ^ a b Willis, H. Parker (1913). "The Thirteenth Census". Journal of Political Economy. 21 (7): 577–592\. doi:10.1086/252277. ISSN 0022-3808.577-592&rft.date=1913&rft_id=info:doi/10.1086/252277&rft.issn=0022-3808&rft.aulast=Willis&rft.aufirst=H.+Parker&rft_id=https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.1086/252277&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:1910+United+States+census" class="Z3988">
3. ^ "Library Bibliography Bulletin 88, New York State Census Records, 1790–1925". New York State Library. October 1981. p. 45 (p. 51 of PDF). Archived from the original on January 30, 2009. Retrieved December 15, 2008.
4. ^ 1910 Census: Volume 1. Population, General Report and Analysis
5. ^ Population of the 100 Largest Cities and Other Urban Places in the United States: 1790 to 1990, U.S. Census Bureau, 1998
6. ^ "Regions and Divisions". U.S. Census Bureau. Archived from the original on December 3, 2016. Retrieved September 9, 2016.
7. ^ "Tech Paper 29: Table 6. Mother Tongue of the Foreign-Born Population: 1910 to 1940, 1960, and 1970". June 2, 2000. Archived from the original on June 2, 2000. Retrieved March 28, 2021.
8. ^ Algonquin Area Public Library District. "Census Secrets" (PDF). Retrieved May 17, 2012.[permanent dead link‍]

## External links

[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to 1910 United States Census.

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