1923 in paleontology

Overview of the events of 1923 in paleontology

List of years in paleontology

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In science
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Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils.[1] This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1923.

## Plants

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### Conifers

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#### Araucariaceae

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Name  | Novelty  | Status  | Authors  | Age  | Type locality  | Location  | Notes  | Images

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Araucarioxylon texense[2]

Sp nov

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Torrey

Cretaceous
Comanchean

Glen Rose Formation

Texas

An araucarian wood morphospecies

|  Araucarioxylon texense

#### †Cheirolepidiaceae

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Name  | Novelty  | Status  | Authors  | Age  | Type locality  | Location  | Notes  | Images

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Brachyoxylon comanchense[2]

Sp nov

|  |

Torrey

Cretaceous
Comanchean

Glen Rose Formation

Texas

A cheirolepidiaceous wood morphospecies

|  Brachyoxylon comanchense

Brachyoxylon raritanense[2]

Sp nov

|  |

Torrey

Cretaceous
Turonian

Raritan Formation

New Jersey

A cheirolepidiaceous wood morphospecies

|  Brachyoxylon raritanense

Brachyoxylon woodworthianum[2]

Sp nov

|  |

Torrey

Cretaceous
Turonian

Raritan Formation

Massachusetts

A cheirolepidiaceous wood morphospecies

|  Brachyoxylon woodworthianum

Telephragmoxylon brachyphylloides[2]

Sp nov

|  |

Torrey

Cretaceous
Comanchean

|  |

Texas

A cheirolepidiaceous wood morphospecies
Location given as "Weatherford, Texas"

|  Telephragmoxylon brachyphylloides

Telephragmoxylon comanchense[2]

Sp nov

|  |

Torrey

Cretaceous
Comanchean

|  |

Texas

A cheirolepidiaceous wood morphospecies
Location given as "Weatherford, Texas"

|  Telephragmoxylon comanchense

Voltzioxylon[2]

Gen et sp nov

jr synonym

Torrey

Triassic
Late Triassic

Dockum group

Texas

A cheirolepidiaceous wood morphogenus
Considered a jr synonym of Protocupressinoxylon (1949)
The type species is V. dockumense

|  Protocupressinoxylon dockumense

#### Cupressaceae

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Name  | Novelty  | Status  | Authors  | Age  | Type locality  | Location  | Notes  | Images

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Metacupressinoxylon[2]

Gen et comb nov

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Torrey

Jurassic

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England

A cupressaceous wood morphogenus
The type species is Paracupressinoxylon cedroides (1913)

Paracupressinoxylon trinitense[2]

Sp nov

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Torrey

Cretaceous
Comanchean

Trinity Group

Texas

A cupressaceous wood morphospecies
location given as "near Weatherford, Texas"

|  Paracupressinoxylon trinitense

Sequoioxylon[2]

Gen, sp, et comb nov

|  |

Torrey

Cretaceous
Maastrichtian

Laramie Formation

Montana

A redwood wood morphogenus
The type species is S. montanense
Includes the new species S. dakotense, S. laramense
Also includes Sequoia burgessii (1903)

|  Sequoioxylon montanense

#### Pinaceae

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Name  | Novelty  | Status  | Authors  | Age  | Type locality  | Location  | Notes  | Images

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Abies longirostris[3][4]

Sp nov

jr Synonym

Knowlton

Oligocene
Chattian

Creede Formation

Colorado

A possible bristlecone fir species
A jr synonym of Abies rigida (1990)

Abies rigida[3][4]

Sp nov

valid

Knowlton

Oligocene
Chattian

Creede Formation

Colorado

A possible bristlecone fir species

|  Abies rigida

Pinus coloradensis[3][4]

Sp nov

jr synonym

Knowlton

Oligocene
Chattian

Creede Formation

Colorado

A bristle cone pine species
A jr synonym of Pinus crossii (1990)

Pinus crossii[3][4]

Sp nov

Valid

Knowlton

Oligocene
Chattian

Creede Formation

Colorado

A bristle cone pine species

Pinus similis[3][4]

Sp nov

jr synonym

Knowlton

Oligocene
Chattian

Creede Formation

Colorado

A bristle cone pine species
A jr synonym of Pinus crossii (1990)

Pityoxylon scituatensiforme[2]

Comb nov

|  |

(Bailey) Torrey

Cretaceous
Turonian

Raritan Formation

New Jersey

A pinaceous wood morphospecies
Moved from Pinus scituatensiforme (1911)

|  Pityoxylon scituatensiforme

Pseudotsuga annulata[2]

Comb nov

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(Platen) Torrey

Pliocene

|  |

California

A Douglas fir wood morphospecies
Moved from Pityoxylon annulatum (1907)

|  Pseudotsuga annulata

#### Podocarpaceae

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Name  | Novelty  | Status  | Authors  | Age  | Type locality  | Location  | Notes  | Images

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Podocarpoxylon dakotense[2]

Sp nov

|  |

Torrey

Cretaceous

Laramie group

North Dakota

A "podocarpaceous" wood morphospecies
Podocarpoxylon Noted by Torrey to be very similar to Cupressaceae and problematic in definition.

Podocarpoxylon texense[2]

Sp nov

|  |

Torrey

Eocene

|  |

Texas

A podocarpaceous wood morphospecies
Location given as "lignite mine at Rockdale station, Texas"

Podocarpoxylon Noted by Torrey to be very similar to Cupressaceae and problematic in definition.

|  Podocarpoxylon texense

Podocarpoxylon washingtonense[2]

Sp nov

|  |

Torrey

Miocene

Wilkes Formation

Washington

A podocarpaceous wood morphospecies
Location given as "Salmon Creek"
Podocarpoxylon Noted by Torrey to be very similar to Cupressaceae and problematic in definition.

|  Podocarpoxylon washingtonense

### Angiosperms

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#### Basal eudicots

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Name  | Novelty  | Status  | Authors  | Age  | Type locality  | Location  | Notes  | Images

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Odostemon hakeaefolia[3][4]

Comb nov

Jr synonym

(Lesquereux) Knowlton

Eocene
Priabonian

Florissant Formation

Colorado

A Mahonia species
Moved from Lomatia hakeaefolia (1883)
Moved to Mahonia hakeaefolia (1936)
Specimens from Creede combined into Mahonia aceroides (1990)

Odostemon(?) marginata[3][4]

Comb nov

Jr synonym

(Lesquereux) Knowlton

Eocene
Priabonian

Florissant Formation

Colorado

A Mahonia species
Moved from Hedera marginata (1883)
Moved to Mahonia marginata (1936)
Specimens from Creede combined into Mahonia aceroides (1990)

#### Superroids

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##### Fagales

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Name  | Novelty  | Status  | Authors  | Age  | Type locality  | Location  | Notes  | Images

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Alnus? larseni[3][4]

Sp nov

jr synonym

Knowlton

Oligocene
Chattian

Creede Formation

Colorado

First identified as a possible Alder species
Moved to Populus larsenii (1990)

Rubus? inquirendus[3][4]

Sp nov

|  |

Knowlton

Oligocene
Chattian

Creede Formation

Colorado

A possible bramble species flower

##### Malvales

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Name  | Novelty  | Status  | Authors  | Age  | Type locality  | Location  | Notes  | Images

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Sterculia aceroides[3][4]

Sp nov

Jr synonym

Knowlton

Oligocene
Chattian

Creede Formation

Colorado

First identified as a Sterculia species
Moved to Mahonia aceroides (1990)

#### Incertae sedis

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Name  | Novelty  | Status  | Authors  | Age  | Type locality  | Location  | Notes  | Images

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Phyllites potentilloides[3][4]

Sp nov

jr synonym

Knowlton

Oligocene
Chattian

Huerto Formation

Colorado

First identified as a leaf of uncertain affiliation
Moved to Sorbus potentilloldes (1987)

## Arthropoda

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### Insects

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Name  | Novelty  | Status  | Authors  | Age  | Unit  | Location  | Notes  | Images

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Archimyrmex[5]

Gen et sp nov

valid

Cockerell

Eocene
Lutetian

Green River Formation

USA

A myrmeciine ant
The type species is A. rostratus

|  Archimyrmex rostratus

## Archosauromorpha

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### Dinosaurs

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#### New taxa

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Taxon  | Novelty  | Status  | Author(s)  | Age  | Unit  | Location  | Notes  | Images

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Altispinax[6] | Gen. et sp. nov.  | Valid  | Huene | Valanginian | Wadhurst Clay Formation |  England | A possible carcharodontosaurid |
Corythosaurus excavatus[7] | Sp. nov.  | Jr. synonym | Gilmore | Campanian | Dinosaur Park Formation |  Alberta | Junior synonym of Corythosaurus intermedius |
Corythosaurus intermedius[8] | Sp. nov.  | Valid  | Parks | Campanian | Dinosaur Park Formation |  Alberta | A species of Corythosaurus |
Lambeosaurus[8] | Gen. et sp. nov.  | Valid  | Parks | Campanian | Dinosaur Park Formation |  Alberta | A lambeosaurine hadrosaurid |
Lametasaurus[9] | Gen. et sp. nov  | Nomen dubium | Matley | Maastrichtian | Lameta Formation |  India | A composite of abelisaurid and titanosaur remains  |
Pentaceratops[10] | Gen. et sp. nov.  | Valid  | Osborn | Campanian | Kirtland Formation |  New Mexico | A chasmosaurine ceratopsid |
Protiguanodon[11] | Gen. et sp. nov.  | Junior synonym | Osborn | Barremian | Öösh Formation |  Mongolia | A junior synonym of Psittacosaurus.  |
Protoceratops[12] | Gen. et sp. nov.  | Valid  | Granger & Gregory | Campanian | Djadochta Formation |  Mongolia | A protoceratopsid ceratopsian |
"Protrachodon"[13] |  | Nomen nudum | Nopcsa | Maastrichtian | Haţeg Basin |  Romania | Mentioned in passing during discussion of Orthomerus |
Psittacosaurus[11] | Gen. et sp. nov.  | Valid  | Osborn | Barremian | Öösh Formation |  Mongolia | A psittacosaurid ceratopsian.  |
Thecocoelurus[6] | Gen. nov.  | Nomen dubium | Huene | Barremian | Wessex Formation |  England | New genus for "Thecospondylus" daviesi Seeley, 1888  |

### Pterosaurs

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#### New taxa

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Name  | Status  | Authors  | Age  | Unit  | Location  | Notes  | Images

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Anurognathus

Valid

Döderlein

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Tithonian

Solnhofen Limestone

Germany

An anurognathid. a Pterosaur with a Bat-like lifestyle.

| Anurognathus

## Synapsids

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### Non-mammalian

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Name  | Status  | Authors  | Age  | Location  | Notes  | Images

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Burnetia

Valid

Robert Broom

| 255 million years ago  |

* South Africa

A biarmosuchian, a member of Burnetiidae. with weird-looking knobs on its head.

| Burnetia

Dinophoneus

Junior synonym

Robert Broom

|  |

* South Africa

A titanosuchid. Junior synonym of Jonkeria.

## References

[edit]

* Paleontology portal

1. ^ Gini-Newman, Garfield; Graham, Elizabeth (2001). Echoes from the past: world history to the 16th century. Toronto: McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd. ISBN 9780070887398. OCLC 46769716.
2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Torrey, R. E. (1923). "The comparative anatomy and phylogeny of the Coniferales Part 3: Mesozoic and Tertiary coniferous woods". Proceedings and Transactions of the Royal Society of Canada. 3. Vol. 6 (no. 2). Memoirs of the Boston Society of Natural History. pp. 38–103.
3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Knowlton, F.H. (1923). Fossil plants from the Tertiary lake beds of South-Сentral Colorado (Report). Professional Paper. Vol. 131-G. United States Geological Survey. pp. 183–197\. doi:10.3133/pp131G.
4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Wolfe, J.A.; Schorn, H.E. (1990). Taxonomic revision of the Spermatopsida of the Oligocene Creede flora, southern Colorado (Report). Bulletin. Vol. 1923\. United States Geological Survey. pp. 1–40\. doi:10.3133/b1923.
5. ^ Dlussky, G.M. (2012). "New Fossil Ants of the Subfamily Myrmeciinae (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) from Germany". Paleontological Journal. 46 (3): 288–292\. doi:10.1134/s0031030111050054.
6. ^ a b Huene, F. von. 1923. Carnivorous Saurischia in Europe since the Triassic. Bull. Geol. Soc. America 34: pp. 449-458.
7. ^ Gilmore, C.W. (1923). "A new species of Corythosaurus with notes on other Belly River Dinosauria". The Canadian Field-Naturalist. 37: 46–52.
8. ^ a b Parks, W.A. (1923). "Corythosaurus intermedius, a new species of trachodont dinosaur". University of Toronto. Geological Studies. 15: 5–57.
9. ^ Matley, C.A. 1923. Note on an armoured dinosaur from the Lameta beds of Jubbulpore. Rec. Geol. Survey India 55 (2): pp. 105-109.
10. ^ Osborn, H.F. 1923. A new genus and species of Ceratopsia from New Mexico, Pentaceratops stennbergi. Amer. Mus. Novitates 93: pp. 1-3.
11. ^ a b Osborn, H.F. 1923. Two Lower Cretaceous dinosaurs from Mongolia. Amer. Mus. Novitates 95: pp. 1-10.
12. ^ Granger, W. and W.K. Gregory. 1923. Protoceratops andrewsi, a preceratopian dinosaur from Mongolia. Amer. Museum Novitates 42: pp. 1-9.
13. ^ B. F. Nopcsa. 1923. On the geological importance of the primitive reptilian fauna in the uppermost Cretaceous of Hungary; with a description of a new tortoise (Kallokibotion). Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society 74:100-116

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