1931 in paleontology

Overview of the events of 1931 in paleontology

List of years in paleontology

(table)

* … 1921
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* 1928
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* 1930
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* 1935
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* 1941 …

In science
1928
1929
1930
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1932
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1934

* Art
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*   * Literature
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Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils.[1] This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1931.

## Vertebrates

[edit]

### Conodonts

[edit]

Name  | Novelty  | Status  | Authors  | Age  | Unit  | Location  | Synonymized taxa  | Notes  | Images

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Idiognathodus[2]

Gen et sp nov

valid

Gunnell

Gzhelian

Fort Scott Limestone

USA
Missouri

|  |

The type species is I. simulator

### Jawless fish

[edit]

Name  | Novelty  | Status  | Authors  | Age  | Unit  | Location  | Synonymized taxa  | Notes  | Images

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Cardipeltis[3]

Gen est sp nov

Valid

Branson & Mehl

Devonian

Jefferson Formation

USA
Utah

|  |

A heterostracan agnathan
The type species is C. wallacii.

|  Cardipeltis wallacii

### Crocodylomorphs

[edit]

Taxon  | Novelty  | Status  | Author(s)  | Age  | Unit  | Location  | Notes  | Images

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Brasileosaurus[4] | Gen. et sp. nov.  | Valid  | Huene | Turonian | Adamantina Formation |  Brazil |  | Named as a coelurosaurbut reclassified as a notosuchid[5] |

### Dinosaurs

[edit]

Taxon  | Novelty  | Status  | Author(s)  | Age  | Unit  | Location  | Notes  | Images

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Carcharodontosaurus[6] | Gen. et comb. nov.  | Valid  | Stromer | Cenomanian | Bahariya Formation |  Egypt | A new genus for Megalosaurus saharicus |
Cionodon kysylkumense[7] | Sp. nov.  | Nomen dubium | Riabinin | Cenomanian | Dzharakuduk Formation |  Uzbekistan | A species of Cionodon |
Embasaurus minax[8] | Gen. et sp. nov.  | Nomen dubium | Riabinin | Berriasian | Neocomian sands |  Kazakhstan | A theropod of uncertain placement  |
Orthogoniosaurus matleyi[9] | Gen. et sp. nov.  | Nomen dubium | Das-Gupta  | Maastrichtian | Lameta Formation |  India | An indeterminate theropod tooth-taxon  |
Parasaurolophus tubicen[10] | Sp. nov.  | Valid  | Wiman | Campanian | Kirtland Formation |  USA | A species of Parasaurolophus |
Tetragonosaurus praeceps[11] | Gen. et sp. nov.  | Jr. synonym | Parks | Campanian | Dinosaur Park Formation |  Canada | A juvenile of Lambeosaurus |
Tetragonosaurus erectofrons[11] | Sp. nov.  | Jr. synonym | Parks | Campanian | Dinosaur Park Formation |  Canada | A juvenile of Corythosaurus |

### Synapsids

[edit]

#### New taxa

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Name  | Status  | Authors  | Age  | Location  | Notes  | Images

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Cerataelurus

Junior synonym of Pristerodon.

|  |  |  |  |

Ericiolacerta

Valid

| Watson  | 250 Millions of years ago.  |

* Antarctica
* South Africa

| Despite the meaning of his name, it was not related to lizards.  | Ericiolacerta

Euchambersia

Valid

| Broom  |  |  |  |

Ictidostoma

Valid

| Broom  | 261 Millions of years ago.  |

* South Africa

|  |

Ictidosuchoides

Valid

| Broom  | 257 Millions of years ago.  |

* South Africa

|  | Ictidosuchoides

Keratocephalus

Valid

| Huene  | 261 Millions of years ago.  |

* South Africa

| A protomammal with strange bumps on its head.  | Keratocephalus

Lycideops

Valid

| Broom  | 257 Millions of years ago.  |

* South Africa

|  |

Megacyclops

Junior synonym of Neomegacyclops.[dubious - discuss]

|  |  |  |  |

Neomegacyclops

Valid

| Boonstra  |  |  |  |

## Arthropods

[edit]

### Insects

[edit]

#### Blattoidea

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Name  | Novelty  | Status  | Authors  | Age  | Unit  | Location  | Notes  | Images

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Stylotermes washingtonensis[12]

sp. nov

Jr synonym

Snyder

Miocene
Langhian

Latah Formation
Spokane Florule

USA
Washington

A Stylotermitid termite.
Moved to Parastylotermes washingtonensis (1949)[13]

#### Coleoptera

[edit]

Name  | Novelty  | Status  | Authors  | Age  | Unit  | Location  | Notes  | Images

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Pterostichus fernquisti[14]

sp. nov

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Wickham

Miocene
Langhian

Latah Formation
Spokane Florule

USA
Washington

A carabid ground beetle

Dytiscus latahensis[14]

sp. nov

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Wickham

Miocene
Langhian

Latah Formation
Spokane Florule

USA
Washington

A predaceous diving beetle

#### Diptera

[edit]

Name  | Novelty  | Status  | Authors  | Age  | Unit  | Location  | Notes  | Images

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Elephantomyia baltica[15]

Sp. nov

valid

Alexander

Middle Eocene

Baltic amber

Russia

A Limoniid cranefly

#### Hymenoptera

[edit]

Name  | Novelty  | Status  | Authors  | Age  | Unit  | Location  | Notes  | Images

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Bombus proavus[16]

Sp. nov

|  |

Cockerell

Miocene
Langhian

Latah Formation
Spokane Florule

USA
Washington

A bumble bee

#### Hemiptera

[edit]

Name  | Novelty  | Status  | Authors  | Age  | Unit  | Location  | Notes  | Images

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Latahcoris[16]

Gen et sp. nov

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Cockerell

Miocene
Langhian

Latah Formation
Spokane Florule

USA
Washington

A tessaratomid giant stink bug
The type species is L. spectatus

Miocordulia[17]

Gen et sp. nov

|  |

Kennedy

Miocene
Langhian

Latah Formation
Spokane Florule

USA
Washington

A corduliid dragonfly
The type species is M. latipennis

Miopsyche[18]

Gen et 2 sp. nov

|  |

Carpenter

Miocene
Langhian

Latah Formation
Spokane Florule

USA
Washington

A northern caddisfly genus
The type species is M. alexanderi
Also includes M. martynovi

Phryganea spokanensis[18]

Sp. nov

|  |

Carpenter

Miocene
Langhian

Latah Formation
Spokane Florule

USA
Washington

A giant caddisfly species

## Plants

[edit]

### Angiosperms

[edit]

#### Monocots

[edit]

Name  | Novelty  | Status  | Authors  | Age  | Unit  | Location  | Synonymized taxa  | Notes  | Images

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Lysichiton washingtonense[19]

Sp nov

Valid?

Berry

Miocene
Langhian

Latah Formation
Grand Coulee Florule

USA
Washington

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First described as a skunk cabbage fruit species
Treated as placement incertae sedis by Chaney & Axelrod (1959)[20]

|  Lysichiton washingtonense

#### Superasterids

[edit]

Name  | Novelty  | Status  | Authors  | Age  | Unit  | Location  | Synonymized taxa  | Notes  | Images

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Nyssa hesperia[19]

Sp nov

valid

Berry

Miocene
Langhian

Latah Formation
Grand Coulee Florule

USA
Washington

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A tuplo seed species.[21]

#### Superrosids

[edit]

Name  | Novelty  | Status  | Authors  | Age  | Unit  | Location  | Synonymized taxa  | Notes  | Images

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Vitis bonseri[19]

Sp nov

valid

Berry

Miocene
Langhian

Latah Formation
Grand Coulee Florule

USA
Washington

|  |

A grape seed species.

Hicoria washingtoniana[19]

Sp nov

jr synonym

Berry

Miocene
Langhian

Latah Formation
Grand Coulee Florule

USA
Washington

|  |

First described as a hickory species.
Synonymized into Magnolia dayana

|  Magnolia dayana

Quercus mccanni[19]

Sp nov

valid

Berry

Miocene
Langhian

Latah Formation
Grand Coulee Florule

USA
Washington

|  |

An oak species.

|  Quercus mccanni

Ptelea miocenica[19]

Sp nov

valid

Berry

Miocene
Langhian

Latah Formation
Grand Coulee Florule

USA
Washington

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An hoptree species.

|  Ptelea miocenica

#### Incertae sedis

[edit]

Name  | Novelty  | Status  | Authors  | Age  | Unit  | Location  | Synonymized taxa  | Notes  | Images

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Phyllites couleeannus[19]

Sp nov

jr synonym

Berry

Miocene
Langhian

Latah Formation
Grand Coulee Florule

USA
Washington

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First described as a leaf morphospecies of uncertain affinity.
Moved to Amelanchier couleeana (1946)[22]

|  Amelanchier couleeana

## References

[edit]

* Paleontology portal

1. ^ Gini-Newman, Garfield; Graham, Elizabeth (2001). Echoes from the past: world history to the 16th century. Toronto: McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd. ISBN 9780070887398. OCLC 46769716.
2. ^ Gunnell, F. (1931). "Conodonts from the Fort Scott Limestone of Missouri". Journal of Paleontology. 5 (3): 244–252\. JSTOR 1297961.
3. ^ Branson, E.B.; Mehl, M.G. (1931). "Fishes of the Jefferson Formation of Utah". The Journal of Geology. 39 (6): 509–531\. Bibcode:1931JG.....39..509B. doi:10.1086/623876. JSTOR 30080820.
4. ^ Huene, F. 1931. Die fossilien Faehrten in Rhaet von Ischigualasto in Nordwest Argentinien. Paleob. 4 (2) Viena.
5. ^ Simpson (1937). "An ancient eusuchian crocodile from Patagonia". American Museum Novitates (965): 1–20.
6. ^ Stromer, E. 1931. Vertebrate animal remainders of the Baharije stage (lowest Cenoman). 10. A skeleton remainder of Carcharodontosaurus Nov. towards. Abh. Bavarian Akad. Wissensch. Math. natutwiss. Abbott. 9: pp. 1 23.
7. ^ Riabinin, A.N. (1930). "К вопросу о фауне и возрасте динозавровых слоев на р. Амур" [On the dinosaurian remains from the Upper Cretaceous of the lower parts of the Amu-Daria River]. Записки Российского минералогического общества. 60 (1): 114–118.
8. ^ Riabinin, A.N. 1931. Two dinosaurian vertebrae from the Lower Cretaceous of Transcaspian Steppes. Zapiski Russkogo Min. Obshchestva (ser. 2) 60: pp. 110-113.
9. ^ Dasgupta, H.C. 1931. On a new theropod dinosaur (Orthogoniosaurus matleyi, n. gen. et. n. sp.) from the Lameta beds of Jubbulpore. J. Asiatic Soc. Bengal. 26: pp. 367-369.
10. ^ Wiman, C. (1931). "Parasaurolophus tubicen n. sp. aus der Kreide in New Mexico". Nova Acta Regiae Societatis Scientarum Upsaliensis, Series IV. 7 (5): 3–11.
11. ^ a b Parks, W.A. (1931). "A new genus and two new species of trachodont dinosaurs from the Belly River Formation of Alberta". University of Toronto. Geological Studies. 31: 1–11.
12. ^ Carpenter, F. M.; Cockerell, T. D. A.; Kennedy, C. H.; Snyder, T. E.; Wickham, H. F. (1931). "Insects from the Miocene (Latah) of Washington IV. Isoptera". Annals of the Entomological Society of America. 24 (2): 317.
13. ^ Emerson, A.E. (1971). "Tertiary fossil species of the Rhinotermitidae (Isoptera), phylogeny of genera, and reciprocal phylogeny of associated Flagellata (Protozoa) and the Staphylinidae (Coleoptera)". Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. 146 (3): 243–304\. hdl:2246/1093.
14. ^ a b Carpenter, F. M.; Cockerell, T. D. A.; Kennedy, C. H.; Snyder, T. E.; Wickham, H. F. (1931). "Insects from the Miocene (Latah) of Washington V. Coleoptera". Annals of the Entomological Society of America. 24 (2): 317–318.
15. ^ Kania, I (2015). "Subfamily Limoniinae Speiser, 1909 (Diptera, Limoniidae) from Baltic Amber (Eocene): The Genus Elephantomyia Osten Sacken, 1860". PLOS ONE. 10 (2): 1–25\. Bibcode:2015PLoSO..1017434K. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0117434. PMC 4338262. PMID 25706127.
16. ^ a b Carpenter, F. M.; Cockerell, T. D. A.; Kennedy, C. H.; Snyder, T. E.; Wickham, H. F. (1931). "Insects from the Miocene (Latah) of Washington II. Hymenoptera and Hemiptera". Annals of the Entomological Society of America. 24 (2): 309–312\. doi:10.1093/aesa/24.2.309.
17. ^ Carpenter, F. M.; Cockerell, T. D. A.; Kennedy, C. H.; Snyder, T. E.; Wickham, H. F. (1931). "Insects from the Miocene (Latah) of Washington II. Hymenoptera and Hemiptera". Annals of the Entomological Society of America. 24 (2): 313–316.
18. ^ a b Carpenter, F. M.; Cockerell, T. D. A.; Kennedy, C. H.; Snyder, T. E.; Wickham, H. F. (1931). "Insects from the Miocene (Latah) of Washington II. Hymenoptera and Hemiptera". Annals of the Entomological Society of America. 24 (2): 319–322\. doi:10.1093/aesa/24.2.319.
19. ^ a b c d e f g Berry, E.W. (1932). "A Miocene flora from Grand Coulee, Washington". Shorter contributions to general geology, 1931 (Report). Professional Paper. United States Geological Survey. pp. 31–42\. doi:10.3133/pp170C. 170-C.
20. ^ Chaney, R.; Axelrod, D. (1959). Miocene Floras of the Columbia Plateau: Part II. Systematic Considerations, by Ralph W. Chaney and Daniel I. Axelrod. Carnegie Institution of Washington. pp. 1–226.Miocene Floras of the Columbia Plateau at the HathiTrust Digital Library
21. ^ Eyde, R.H. (1997). "Fossil record and ecology of Nyssa (Cornaceae)". The Botanical Review. 63 (2): 97–123\. Bibcode:1997BotRv..63...97E. doi:10.1007/BF02935928.
22. ^ Brown, R.W. (1946). "Alterations in some fossil and living floras". Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences. 36 (10): 344–355.

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